S6K1 Phosphorylation of H2B Mediates EZH2 Trimethylation of H3: A Determinant of Early Adipogenesis

Yi, S.,Um, S.,Lee, J.,Yoo, J.,Bang, S.,Park, E.,Lee, M.,Nam, K.,Jeon, Y.,Park, J.,You, J.,Lee, S.J.,Bae, G.U.,Rhie, J.,Kozma, Sara C.,Thomas, G.,Han, J.W. Cell Press 2016 Molecular Cell Vol.62 No.3

S6K1 has been implicated in a number of key metabolic responses, which contribute to obesity. Critical among these is the control of a transcriptional program required for the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocytic lineage. However, in contrast to its role in the cytosol, the functions and targets of nuclear S6K1 are unknown. Here, we show that adipogenic stimuli trigger nuclear translocation of S6K1, leading to H2BS36 phosphorylation and recruitment of EZH2 to H3, which mediates H3K27 trimethylation. This blocks Wnt gene expression, inducing the upregulation of PPARγ and Cebpa and driving increased adipogenesis. Consistent with this finding, white adipose tissue from S6K1-deficient mice exhibits no detectable H2BS36 phosphorylation or H3K27 trimethylation, whereas both responses are highly elevated in obese humans or in mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings define an S6K1-dependent mechanism in early adipogenesis, contributing to the promotion of obesity.

The circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate level predicts incident fracture in postmenopausal women: a 3.5-year follow-up observation study

Bae, S. J.,Lee, S. H.,Ahn, S. H.,Kim, H. M.,Kim, B. J.,Koh, J. M. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Osteoporosis International Vol.27 No.8

<P>A high level of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is associated with a high incidence of osteoporotic fracture and a high rate of an insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a significant regulator of bone metabolism. Recently, we found that a high plasma S1P level is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), high levels of bone resorption markers (BRMs), and a high risk of prevalent vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. We investigated the possibility that S1P is a predictor of incident fracture. A total of 248 postmenopausal women participated in this longitudinal study and were followed up for a mean duration of 3.5 years (untreated [n = 76] or treated with bisphosphonate or hormone replacement therapy [n = 172]). The baseline plasma S1P level and prevalent and incident fracture occurrence were assessed. A high S1P level was significantly associated with a higher rate of prevalent fracture after adjusting for femoral neck (FN) BMD, BRM, and potential confounders (odds ratio = 2.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-4.00). Incident fractures occurred more frequently in the highest S1P tertile (T3) than in the lower two tertiles (T1-2) after adjusting for confounders, including baseline FN BMD, prevalent fracture, antiosteoporotic medication, annualized changes in FN BMD, BRM, and potential confounders (hazard ratio = 5.52; 95 % CI = 1.04-56.54). Insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy occurred more frequently in T3 than T1-2 (odds ratio = 4.43; 95 % CI = 1.02-21.25). The plasma S1P level may be a potential predictor of fracture occurrence and an insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal women.</P>

인두편도염 환자와 보균자에서 분리한 Streptococcus pyogenes의 T-protein serotyping 및 항균제 감수성

이영희,황규잠,주영란,박강수,이광준,엄영길,배송미,차성호 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

Various supercritical carbon dioxide cycle layouts study for molten carbonate fuel cell application

Bae, S.J.,Ahn, Y.,Lee, J.,Lee, J.I. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 Journal of Power Sources Vol.270 No.-

Various supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO<SUB>2</SUB>) cycles for a power conversion system of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) hybrid system are studied in this paper. Re-Compressing Brayton (RCB) cycle, Simple Recuperated Brayton (SRB) cycle and Simple Recuperated Transcritical (SRT) cycle layouts were selected as candidates for this study. In addition, a novel concept of S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> cycle which combines Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle is proposed and intensively studied with other S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> layouts. A parametric study is performed to optimize the total system to be compact and to achieve wider operating range. Performances of each S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> cycle are compared in terms of the thermal efficiency, net electricity of the MCFC hybrid system and approximate total volumes of each S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> cycle. As a result, performance and total physical size of S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> cycle can be better understood for MCFC S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrid system and especially, newly suggested S-CO<SUB>2</SUB> cycle shows some success.

燐酸 및 加里肥料가 葉煙草의 收量 및 니코틴의 含量에 미치는 影響

趙成鎭,金才正,裵孝元 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1971 煙草硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This experiment was Carried out to determine the effect of different levels of phosphate and potash fertilizers applied on yields and quality of leaf tobacco. It was done at all varying levels of phosphate and potassium fertilizers. S0 (non-fertilizer Plot) ; N:P:K=0:0:0(kg/10a) S1 (1/2amount Plot) ; N:P:K=10:7.5:10(〃) S2 (Standard Plot) ; N:P:K=10: 15:20(〃) S3 (1.5 times Plot) ; N:P:K=10:22.5:30(〃) S4 (2.0 times Plot) ; N:P:K=10:30:70 (kg/10a) Urea was applied as nitrogen, triple super phosphate as phosphate, potassium sulfate as potash source. The total amount of fertilizers was applied as basal dressing per one plant. This experiment was carried out by using randomized block design with 3 replication. The results obtained in terms of yields and quality are summarized as follows. 1.By increasing the amounts of phosphate and qotassium fertilizers, growing status of the largest leaf length, the largest leaf width and stem size of tobacco increased in the order of S4> S3> S2> S1> S0. 2.By increasing the amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizers, yield was increased in theorder of S4> S3> S2> S1> S0. This increase showed generally high significance among various levels of treatments. 3.The regressive equation was derived from the relationship between treatment levels and tobacco leaf yield. The most desirable treatment level for the maximum yield was estimated as the 2.87 times as much as the treatment level of phospate and potasium fertilizers of standardlot. 4.By increased application of phosphate and potash fertilizers, the contents of P2O5 K2 and K2O in the tobacco leaf became greater while the content of nicotine was decreased. Thus, a negative correlation between fertilizer application and nicotine content has been observed.

Site-specific mutagenesis of yeast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin improves heat or oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing its chaperone or peroxidase function

Hong, S. H.,Lee, S. S.,Chung, J. M.,Jung, H. s.,Singh, S.,Mondal, S.,Jang, H. H.,Cho, J. Y.,Bae, H. J.,Chung, B. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Protoplasma Vol.254 No.1

<P>Yeast peroxiredoxin II (yPrxII) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a protective role against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This enzyme consists of 196 amino acids containing 2-Cys Prx with highly conserved two active cysteine residues at positions 48 and 171. The yPrxII has dual enzymatic functions as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. To understand the effect of additional cysteine residues on dual functions of yPrxII, S79C-yPrxII and S109C-yPrxII, the substitution of Ser with Cys residue at 79 and 109 positions, respectively, was generated. S109C-yPrxII and S79C-yPrxII showed 3.7- and 2.7-fold higher chaperone and peroxidase activity, respectively, than the wild type (WT). The improvement in enzyme activity was found to be closely associated with structural changes in proteins. S109C-yPrxII had increased beta-sheet in its secondary structure and formed high-molecular-weight (HMW) as well as low-molecular-weight (LMW) complexes, but S79C-yPrxII formed only LMW complexes. HMW complexes predominantly exhibited a chaperone function, and LMW complexes showed a peroxidase function. In addition, transgenic yeast cells over-expressing Cys-substituted yPrxII showed greater tolerance against heat and oxidative stress compared to WT-yPrxII.</P>

Prediction of stone-free status and complication rates after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a comparative and retrospective study using three stone-scoring systems and preoperative parameters

Choi, S. W.,Bae, W. J.,Ha, U. S.,Hong, S. H.,Lee, J. Y.,Kim, S. W.,Cho, H. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 World journal of urology Vol.35 No.3

<P>To investigate the factors predictive of surgical outcomes of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (TPCNL) and to compare the predictability and accuracy of the Guy's stone score, S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry, and CROES nomogram. We reviewed retrospectively the surgical outcomes recorded consecutively and imaging data of preoperative computed tomography scans of 141 patients who had undergone TPCNL from June 2012 to October 2015. Guy's, S.T.O.N.E., and CROES stone-scoring systems (SSSs) and other prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The initial stone-free and complication rates after TPCNL were 78.7 (111/141) and 17.0 % (24/141). On univariate analysis, all three scoring systems were identified as significant factors in terms of stone-free rate (SFR). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Guy's stone score and stone burden 385 mm(2) had significant correlations with stone-free status [odds ratios (OR) = 3.220, p = 0.001 and OR = 6.451, p = 0.002, respectively]. Guy's stone score (OR = 1.879, p = 0.013) was an independent risk factor for the development of complications. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the Guy's, S.T.O.N.E., and CROES SSSs and stone burden showed good results (0.821, 0.816, 0.820, and 0.800, respectively). Pairwise comparison of ROC curves showed that there was no significant difference between each final score and stone burden. Of the three scoring systems, Guy's stone score was the only significant predictive factor for SFR and complication rates after TPCNL in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stone burden was significantly associated with a postoperative stone-free status (SFS).</P>

Antithrombotic activities of wogonin and wogonoside via inhibiting platelet aggregation

Ku, S.K.,Bae, J.S. Elsevier 2014 Fitoterapia Vol.98 No.-

Wogonin (WGN), a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has several biological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and anticancer activities, and the flavonoid wogonoside (WGNS) can be derived from S. baicalensis, as it is a metabolite of wogonin. Here, the anticoagulant activities of WGN(S) were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of thrombin (factor IIa, FIIa) and activated factor X (FXa), and the effects of WGN(S) on expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were evaluated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with WGN(S) resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, as well as inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. In addition, WGN(S) inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. WGN(S) also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. In addition, treatment with WGN(S) resulted in significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, WGN(S) possesses antithrombotic activities and offers a basis for development of a novel anticoagulant.

도금슬러지 시멘트고형화에서의 강도 및 안정화 증진

윤현식,강민성,이두진,신응배,배우근,유도윤 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1997 環境科學論文集 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구에서는 도금폐수처리공정에서 발생하는 실 슬러지를 대상으로 현장에서 적용이 가능한 시멘트고형화 및 안정화효율 증진방안을 찾기 위하여 실내 실험을 통해 1) 슬러지내의 수분이 시멘트의 수화반응에 미치는 영향, 2) 교반시간증가에 의한 고화체의 강도향상 및 용출억제효과, 그리고 3) 첨가제를 이용한 고형화효율 증대를 중점적으로 살펴 보았다. 실슬러지의(습윤슬러지) 자체가 함유한 수분이 시멘트수화반응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 슬러지를 건조시킨 후 물을 첨가하여 시멘트모르터내에 자유수를 증가시킨 결과 습윤슬러지를 그대로 고형화 한 경우보다 동일한 수분에서 2배정도의 높은강도를 얻을 수 있었다. 교반시간을 증가시킬수록 강도와 용출성이 점차 향상되어 10분정도의 교반시간에서 우수한 결과를 얻었으며, 특히 습윤슬러지의 경우 그 효과가 두드러지게 나타났다. 첨가제사용에 따른 효율평가 실험은 Silica fume, 황산반토, Zeolite, EDTA를 대상으로 실시하였으며 이중 Silica fume이 강도와 용출억제면에서 가장 효과가 좋았다. 최적배합비는 습윤슬러지의 경우 첨가비(첨가제/시멘트)0.25∼0.5에서 가장 우수하였고, 0.05∼0.1에서 가장 좋은 용출효과를 나타내었다. 이는 Silica fume이 중금속에 의한 시멘트수화 방해작용을 억제하고 중금속이온을 불용성의 화합물로 고정하기 때문으로 사료된다. The Solidification /Stabilization (S/S) using the cement as a binder is widely used because of its stability and low cost. For cement-based S/S, however, the S/S efficiency in terms of strength and contaminant immobilization varies significantly according to the treated waste types and operational conditions. In this research real planting sludges were choosen for the S/S experiments in order to increase the applicability of the results in the actual site. Especially, the study focused on the effects of 1) the moisture of sludge on the hydration-reaction of cements, 2) the increased mixing time on the enhancement of the strength and immobilization, and 3) using the binder additives on the S/S efficiency. The compressive strength and leachability of the heavy metals (CU, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn) from the solidified materials were measured for evaluating the S/S efficiency. Drying the sludge and putting water, keeping the moisture content the same as the original sludge, into the cement mortar for supplying free-water increased the compressive strength of the solidified material by appoximately two times. Prolonged mixing of the sludge-cement mixture increased, particually in the wet sludges, the strength of the solidified material and retarded the mobility of heavy metals from the sludge. Good results obtained at ten minutes of mixing. In the experiments using the additives, silica fume gave superior results with the strength and immobilization to other additives (Al₂(SO₄)₃Zeolite, EDTA) tested. In the wet sludges, the optimum additive/cement ratio was 0.25-0.5 for strength and 0.05-0.1 for immobilization. It was suspected that the silica fume prevented the interference of heavy metals on the hydration reaction of cement and fixed the heavy metal ions into insoluble complexes.

Progress in the development of heating systems towards long pulse operation for KSTAR

Kwak, J.G.,Bae, Y.D.,Chang, D.H.,Chang, D.S.,Hong, B.G.,Hwang, C.K.,In, S.R.,Jeong, S.H.,Jin, J.T.,Jung, K.S.,Kim, B.R.,Kim, J.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, T.S.,Lee, D.W.,Lee, K.W.,Oh, B.H.,Seo, C.S.,Seo, M.S.,Yoo International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.5

<P>Construction of the Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR) tokamak is in its final phase. For the long-pulse KSTAR discharges, the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and neutral beam injection (NBI) heating systems are expected to play important roles through a selective heating of ions and electrons, control of the plasma pressure and current profiles, a core fuelling and beam diagnostics for the KSTAR. In addition, the ICRF system is expected to be used for possible discharge cleaning and assisting in the tokamak startup. In this paper, the recent progress in the development of the ICRF and the NBI heating systems is described. The four-strap ICRF antenna has been successfully tested for a voltage up to 41 kV for a pulse length of 300 s (to 46 kV for 20 s) in a test chamber. A prototype KSTAR NBI system has been developed. At present, the system has successfully produced a 1 MW beam power for 200 s and a 3.5 MW output beam power for 4 s.</P>