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HBV genotypes: relevance to natural history, pathogenesis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Kim, Beom Kyung,Revill, Peter A,Ahn, Sang Hoon International Medical Press 2011 Antiviral therapy Vol.16 No.8
<P>Although chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and death worldwide, there are substantial differences in its clinical courses regarding prevalence, mode of transmission, characteristics of each phase, responses to antiviral therapy, and development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, according to geographical areas (Asia versus Western Europe and North America versus Africa). Furthermore, the clinical course in infected individuals depends on a complex interplay among various factors including viral, host, environmental and other factors. Recently, understanding of molecular characteristics of the prevailing HBV genotypes, frequently accompanied mutations and their clinical implications might explain these geographical differences more pertinently. Hence, in this article, we review the global epidemiology and the natural history of HBV infection, with emphasis on summarizing the different HBV genotypes according to regions.</P>
Bramble, Jonathan P.,Tate, Daniel J.,Revill, Derek J.,Sheikh, Khizar H.,Henderson, James R.,Liu, Feng,Zeng, Xiangbing,Ungar, Goran,Bushby, Richard J.,Evans, Stephen D. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P>10.1002/adfm.200902140.abs<P>A novel method of creating planar aligned columnar discotic liquid crystals (cDLCs) on surfaces, which also gives control over the azimuthal angle, is presented. Surfaces are chemically patterned with stripes via microcontact printing of organothiol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, or via deep UV patterning of organosilane SAMs on silicon. These are then used to isolate long droplets of cDLCs by dewetting in the isotropic phase. Upon cooling from the isotropic into the hexagonal columnar phase, polarizing microscopy reveals that the cDLC aligns in a planar orientation. Results for three triphenylene derivatives (HAT‐6, HHTT, H7T) and for a phthalocyanine derivative (8H<SUB>2</SUB>Pc) are presented. H7T and HAT‐6 are found to align with the director perpendicular to the stripe direction, but HHTT and 8H<SUB>2</SUB>Pc align parallel to the stripe direction. This relatively simple new method for creating planar aligned columnar phases of DLCs gives control over the azimuthal angle: a condition required for organic field‐effect transistor applications of cDLCs.</P>
Molecular and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus in Korea
Ahn, Sang Hoon,Yuen, Lilly,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Littlejohn, Margaret,Chang, Hye Young,Damerow, Hans,Ayres, Anna,Heo, Jeong,Locarnini, Stephen,Revill, Peter A. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of Medical Virology Vol.82 No.7
<P>Korea is an endemic area of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection but very little is known about the molecular characteristics of HBV isolates from Korean patients or the association with disease progression. The complete HBV genome sequences from 53 Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B, advanced cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed to identify (i) subgenotype distribution and genetic diversity and (ii) signature mutations associated with liver disease progression. With the exception of 1 patient infected with HBV/B, all 52 patients (98.1%) were infected with HBV/C, subgenotype C2. These strains were 98.4% identical and the frequency of amino acid substitutions occurring within key immunological epitopes increased with disease severity. A number of amino acid/nucleotide substitutions were associated with HCC, namely sR24K (HBsAg), SI126T (HBsAg), and pcA1846T (precore gene) mutations (P = 0.029, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). HBV harboring deletions in the pre-S region were also associated with increased liver disease severity (chronic hepatitis B vs. cirrhosis, P = 0.040; chronic hepatitis B vs. HCC, P = 0.040). Despite the high degree of sequence conservation, several key HBV mutations were associated with disease progression. Prospective studies with larger cohorts of patients are required to evaluate further the clinical manifestation of HBV/C2 in Korea. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1126–1134, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Implementation of an Evolving non Quadratic Anisotropic Behaviour for the Closed Packed Materials
Benoit Revil-Baudard,Elisabeth Massoni 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of α-titanium alloys is modelised for the cold forming processes. The elasto-plastic constitutive law is decomposed in an anisotropic plastic criterion, an isotropic hardening and a kinematic hardening. Non quadratic criteria have been developed by Cazacu et al [1], to model the plasticity of hexagonal closed packed materials. The implementation of this model in a finite element software switch between two bases, the equilibrium is calculated in a reference basis and the anisotropy axes define a local basis, updated by the deformation gradient. An identification procedure, based on tensile tests, allows defining all the parameters needed to model the elasto-plastic behaviour. Simulations of cold forming processes (bulging and deep drawing) have been done to validate this model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data, obtained from speckles analysis.