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- 저자 : Reda A.I (검색결과 18 건)
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Application of acid mine drainage for coagulation/flocculation of microalgal biomass
Salama, El-Sayed,Kim, Jung Rae,Ji, Min-Kyu,Cho, Dong-Wan,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2015 Bioresource technology Vol.186 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel application of acid mine drainage (AMD) for biomass recovery of two morphologically different microalgae species with respect to AMD dosage, microalgal cell density and pH of medium was investigated. Optimal flocculation of <I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> occurred with 10% dosage of AMD at an initial pH 9 for both 0.5 and 1.0g/L cell density. The flocculation efficiency was 89% for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and 93% for <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>. Zeta potential (ZP) was increased from −10.66 to 1.77 and −13.19 to 1.33 for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>, respectively. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray of the microalgae floc confirmed the sweeping floc formation mechanism upon the addition of AMD. Application of AMD for the recovery of microalgae biomass is a cost-effective method, which might further allow reuse of flocculated medium for algal cultivation, thereby contributing to the economic production of biofuel from microalgal biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AMD contains high amount of Fe(II)/Al(III) ions which are natural flocculants. </LI> <LI> Sweeping microalgal floc formation was the dominant mechanism in this study. </LI> <LI> AMD can be an efficient coagulant/flocculant for low-cost microalgae harvesting. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Xiong, Jiu-Qiang,Kim, Sun-Joon,Kurade, Mayur B.,Govindwar, Sanjay,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kim, Jung-Rae,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Khan, Moonis Ali,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.370 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated the environmental effects of two common emerging contaminants, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and their mixture using a green microalga, <I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I>. The calculated EC<SUB>50</SUB> values of SMZ, SMX, and their mixture (11:1 wt/wt) after 96 h were 1.23, 0.12, and 0.89 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The toxicity of the mixture could be better predicted using a concentration addition model than an independent action model. The risk quotients of SMZ, SMX, and their mixture were >1 during the experiment, indicating their high potential risks on aquatic microorganisms. Despite their toxicity, <I>S. obliquus</I> exhibited 17.3% and 29.3% removal of 0.1 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.2 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> after 11 days of cultivation. The changes of SMZ and SMX removal were observed when combined, which showed a significantly improved removal of SMZ (up to 3.4 folds) with addition of SMX (0.2 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). The metabolic pathways of SMZ and SMX were proposed according to mass spectroscopic analysis, which showed six metabolites of SMX and seven intermediates of SMZ, formed as a result of ring cleavage, hydroxylation, methylation, nitrosation, and deamination.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> was tolerant to SMZ, SMX, and their mixture, and could withstand their high doses. </LI> <LI> 96 h EC<SUB>50</SUB> of SMZ, SMX, and their mixture for <I>S. obliquus</I> was 1.23, 0.12, and 0.89 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The risk quotients of SMZ, SMX, and their mixture were >1. </LI> <LI> The removal of SMZ and SMX was more in the mixture than their individual medium. </LI> <LI> Metabolic pathways of SMZ and SMX by <I>S. obliquus</I> were proposed. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Choi, Jeong-A,Hwang, Jae-Hoon,Dempsey, Brian A.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A. I.,Min, Booki,Song, Hocheol,Lee, Dae Sung,Kim, Jung Rae,Cho, Yunchul,Hong, Seungkwan,Jeon, Byong-Hun Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.4 No.9
<P>The influence of ultrasonication pretreatment on fermentative bioenergy [ethanol/hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>)] production from a newly isolated microalgae biomass (<I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> YSW15) was investigated. <I>S. obliquus</I> YSW15 biomass was sonicated for 0 min (control), 5 min (short-term treatment), 15 and 60 min (long-term treatment), which caused different states of cell lysis for microbial fermentation. Long-term sonication significantly damaged the microalgal cell integrity, which subsequently enhanced the bioenergy production. The accumulative bioenergy (ethanol/hydrogen) production after long-term sonication was almost 7 times higher than that after short-term treatment or the control. The optimal ratio of microalgal biomass to anaerobic inoculum for higher bioenergy production was 1 : 1. Microscopic analyses with an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EF-TEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) collectively indicated that cells were significantly damaged during sonication and that the carbohydrates diffused out of the microalgae interiors and accumulated on the microalgae surfaces and/or within the periplasm, which led to enhanced bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the biomass. These results demonstrate that ultrasonication is an effective pretreatment method for enhancing the fermentative bioenergy production from microalgal biomass.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Disintegration of algae cell structures during sonication released more algal cell wall carbohydrates to aqueous media, thereby exposing a larger surface area to fermentative microorganisms. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1ee01068a'> </P>
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Biological Conversion of Amino Acids to Higher Alcohols
El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Saha, Shouvik,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2019 Trends in biotechnology Vol.37 No.8
<P>‘Higher’ alcohols, which contain more than two carbons, have a higher boiling point, higher cetane number, and higher energy density than ethanol. Blends of biodiesel and higher alcohols can be used in internal combustion engines as next-generation biofuels without any modification and are minimally corrosive over extensive use. Producing higher alcohols from biomass involves fermenting and metabolizing amino acids. In this review, we describe the pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in amino acid bioprocessing to produce higher alcohols and the effects of amino acid supplementation as a nitrogen source for higher alcohol production. We also discuss the most recent approaches to improve higher alcohol production via genetic engineering technologies for three microorganisms: <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>, <I>Clostridium</I> spp., and <I>Escherichia coli</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P>Proteins are polymers of various amino acids, connected via peptide bonds and classified as a major feedstock for bioenergy production. Higher alcohols are high-density alternative fuels that increase the longevity of transportation fuels.</P> <P>Proteins have a significant role in the fermentation process by providing amino acids for the growth of microorganisms, and enhancement of sugar permeability, in carbohydrate-rich sources.</P> <P>Due to the environmental and economic advantages of recombinant DNA technology, fermentation is the most used process for industrial-scale alcohol production. Applying this technology to higher alcohols can significantly improve industrialization for advanced fuel production.</P> <P>Extraction techniques are used to separate and mitigate the toxicity of alcohols produced in the fermentation broth to maintain the microbial cell viability for longer.</P>
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Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,EL-Sheekh, Mostafa M.,Ji, Min-Kyu,Salama, El-Sayed,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.3
Coupling of advanced wastewater treatment with microalgae cultivation for low-cost lipid production was demonstrated in this study. The microalgal species Micractinium reisseri and Scenedesmus obliquus were isolated from municipal wastewater mixed with agricultural drainage. M. reisseri was selected based on the growth rate and cultivated in municipal wastewater (influent, secondary and tertiary effluents) which varied in nutrient concentration. M. reisseri showed an optimal specific growth rate (${\mu}_opt$) of 1.15, 1.04, and 1.01 1/day for the influent and the secondary and tertiary effluents, respectively. Secondary effluent supported the highest phosphorus removal (94%) and saturated fatty acid content (40%). The highest lipid content (40%), unsaturated fatty acid content, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (66%), and nitrogen removal (80%) were observed for tertiary effluent. Fatty acids accumulating in the microalgal biomass (M. reisseri) were mainly composed of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. Cultivation of M. reisseri using municipal wastewater served a dual function of nutrient removal and biofuel feedstock generation.
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Entropy-based optimal sensor networks for structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge
M. Azarbayejani,A. I. El-Osery,M. M. Reda Taha 국제구조공학회 2009 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.5 No.4
The sudden collapse of Interstate 35 Bridge in Minneapolis gave a wake-up call to US municipalities to re-evaluate aging bridges. In this situation, structural health monitoring (SHM) technology can provide the essential help needed for monitoring and maintaining the nation’s infrastructure. Monitoring long span bridges such as cable-stayed bridges effectively requires the use of a large number of sensors. In this article, we introduce a probabilistic approach to identify optimal locations of sensors to enhance damage detection. Probability distribution functions are established using an artificial neural network trained using a priori knowledge of damage locations. The optimal number of sensors is identified using multi-objective optimization that simultaneously considers information entropy and sensor cost-objective functions. Luling Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge over the Mississippi River, is selected as a case study to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Salama, El-Sayed,Kurade, Mayur B.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Yang, Il-Seung,Min, Booki,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable biomass feedstock for biofuel generation, and can proliferate under versatile environmental conditions. Mass cultivation of microalgae is the most overpriced and technically challenging step in microalgal biofuel generation. Wastewater is an available source of the water plus nutrients necessary for algae cultivation. Microalgae provide a cost-effective and sustainable means of advanced (waste)water treatment with the simultaneous production of commercially valuable products. Microalgae show higher efficiency in nutrient removal than other microorganisms because the nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, urea and trace elements) present in various wastewaters are essential for microalgal growth. Potential progress in the area of microalgal cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems has led to an improvement in algal biomass production. However, significant efforts are still required for the development and optimization of a coupled system to simultaneously generate biomass and treat wastewater. In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed. It deeply reviews the microalgae-mediated treatment of different wastewaters (including municipal, piggery/swine, industrial, and anaerobic wastewater), and highlight the wastewater characteristics suitable for microalgae cultivation. Various pretreatment methods (such as filtration, autoclaving, UV application, and dilution) needed for wastewater prior to its use for microalgae cultivation have been discussed. The selection of potential microalgae species that can grow in wastewater and generate a large amount of biomass has been considered. Discussion on microalgal cultivation systems (including raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems) that use wastewater, evaluating the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) of each system was reported. In view of the limitations of recent studies, the future directions for integrated wastewater treatment and microalgae biomass production for industrial applications were suggested.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Challenges in using wastewater for microalgae cultivation and biomass production. </LI> <LI> Treatment of different wastewaters and reuse of the treated water. </LI> <LI> Recovery of valuable nutrients (N/P) and removal of organic pollutants. </LI> <LI> Application of wastewater in raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems. </LI> <LI> Genetically engineered microalgae for efficient wastewater treatment. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Entropy-based optimal sensor networks for structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge
Azarbayejani, M.,El-Osery, A.I.,Taha, M.M. Reda Techno-Press 2009 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.5 No.4
The sudden collapse of Interstate 35 Bridge in Minneapolis gave a wake-up call to US municipalities to re-evaluate aging bridges. In this situation, structural health monitoring (SHM) technology can provide the essential help needed for monitoring and maintaining the nation's infrastructure. Monitoring long span bridges such as cable-stayed bridges effectively requires the use of a large number of sensors. In this article, we introduce a probabilistic approach to identify optimal locations of sensors to enhance damage detection. Probability distribution functions are established using an artificial neural network trained using a priori knowledge of damage locations. The optimal number of sensors is identified using multi-objective optimization that simultaneously considers information entropy and sensor cost-objective functions. Luling Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge over the Mississippi River, is selected as a case study to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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