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, Ravi,Manju Sharma,Sharma, Suman 한국유전학회 1994 Genes & Genomics Vol.16 No.4
Six Indian geographical populations of D. bipectinata were analysed electrophoretically for allozymic variation at nine loci as well as for ethanol tolerance potential. Allelic frequency changes at Adh, Odh and Est-5 loci correlated significantly with increase in latitude. On the basis of F_(ST) values, Adh, Odh, Mdh and α-Gpdh loci depicted modest amounts of genetic differentiation. Thus, the occurrence of significant genotypic as well as allelic frequency heterogeneity, genic differentiation and clinal variation at polymorphic loci suggest evidence of natural selection maintaining such genic differentiation in D. bipectinata populations from the Indian sub-continent. The Indian populations of D. bipectinata revealed genetic differentiation in term of ethanol indices such as LT_(50) hrs(72 to 96 hrs), adult ethanol threshold concentration(2.5 to 4.0'%), LC_(50) thanol concentration(2.7 to 4.2%). The parallel occurrence of latitudinal variation at Adh locus as well as ethanol tolerance in Indian geographical populations of D. bipectinata could be maintained by balancing natural selection varying spatially along the north south axis of the Indian sub-continent.
Computational Design of Bifurcation
Ravi Koirala,Sailesh Chitrakar,Hari Prasad Neopane,Balendra Chhetri,Bhola Thapa 한국유체기계학회 2017 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.10 No.1
Bifurcation refers to wye division of penstock to divide the flow symmetrically or unsymmetrically into two units of turbine for maintaining economical, technical and geological substrates. Particularly, water shows irrelevant behavior when there is a sudden change in flow direction, which results into the transition of the static and dynamic behavior of the flow. Hence, special care and design considerations are required both hydraulically and structurally. The transition induced losses and extra stresses are major features to be examined. The research on design and analysis of bifurcation is one of the oldest topics related to R&D of hydro-mechanical components for hydropower plants. As far as the earlier approaches are concerned, the hydraulic designs were performed based on graphical data sheet, head loss considerations and the mechanical analysis through simplified beam approach. In this paper, the multi prospect approach for design of Bifurcation, incorporating the modern day’s tools and technology is identified. The hydraulic design of bifurcation is a major function of dynamic characteristics of the flow, which is performed with CFD analysis for minimum losses and better hydraulic performances. Additionally, for the mechanical design, a simplified conventional design method as pre-estimation and Finite Element Method for a relevant result projections were used.
Pythagorean Theorem Before and After Pythagoras
Ravi P. Agarwal 장전수학회 2020 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.30 No.3
Following the footpaths of Lakshmikantham, et. al. [15], and succeeding by Agarwal et. al. [3], in this article a sincere effort has been made to report the origin of the Pythagorean Theorem. Out of about 500 known different proofs of this theorem, we select five which have historical importance. We also discuss several generalizations of this theorem, and list some antique enduring problems. We genuinely hope students and teachers of mathematics will appreciate this article.
( Ravi Daswani ),( Anil Arora ),( Ashish Kumar ),( Praveen Sharma ),( Shrihari A ),( Pankaj Puri ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are important etiological factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Role of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a contributory factor for HCC in patients with viral etiology has been adequately demonstrated, however its role in HCC due to alcohol and NASH remains controversial. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association of DM with HCC in patients with alcoholic liver disease and cryptogenic (including NASH-related) liver disease. Methods: We conducted this case-control study at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India. Consecutive patients of HCC due to alcohol or cryptogenic etiologies presenting between 2011 and 2017 were included in the study as cases. Age and sex matched patients of chronic liver disease of same etiologies, presenting during the same period, were chosen as controls. Cases and controls were in the ratio of 1:2. Patients of any other etiologies were excluded. Prevalence of DM among cases and controls were compared. Results: A total of 138 patients of HCC (mean age 61±9 years, 95% males) were included in the study. The etiologies of HCC were cryptogenic (including NASH) 54%, and alcohol 46%. DM was present in 48% of patients. A total of 276 controls (mean age 61±7 years, 92% males; P=NS compared to cases) were included in the study. Among patients of HCC due to cryptogenic / NASH etiology, the prevalence of DM was significantly higher than in controls (P=0.012; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2, 4.3). Among patients of HCC due to alcohol etiology the prevalence of DM was similar to that of controls (P=NS). Conclusions: DM is strongly associated with the increased risk of HCC in patients of cryptogenic / NASH etiology. Therefore, these patients represent a high HCC risk population and should be considered for closer HCC surveillance program. DM does not seem to increase the risk of HCC in patients of chronic liver disease due to alcohol etiology.
Submental intubation: alternative short-term airway management in maxillofacial trauma
Ravi Raja Kumar,Suresh Vyloppilli,Shermil Sayd,Annamala Thangavelu,Benny Joseph,Auswaf Ahsan 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.3
Objectives: To assess submental route intubation as an alternative technique to a tracheostomy in the management of the airway in cranio-maxillofacial trauma, along with an assessment of its morbidity and complications. Materials and Methods: Submental intubation was performed in 17 patients who had maxillofacial panfacial trauma and management was done under general anesthesia during a period of one year from 2013 to 2014 at Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kochi, India. Results: In all 17 cases, the technique of submental intubation was found to be simple and reliable. Hypertrophic scars were noted in three cases, orocutaneous fistula and mucocele in one case each. All these complications were managed comfortably without significant morbidity to the patient. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a good technique that can be used regularly in the management of the airway in cranio-maxillofacial trauma, but with some manageable complications.