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The Role of Philippine Local Traders in the Domestic and International Market for Quality Seaweeds
Earl Joanne Santos-Ramirez,Paul Joseph B. Ramirez,Orelie B. Delas Alas,Carlos L. Magnaye 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
This paper highlights the important role of traders in the seaweeds value chain in the Philippines. Using rapid appraisal and value chain approaches, the study analyzed the contribution of traders in terms of their value additions and essential activities necessary to bring quality raw dried seaweeds and semi-refined carrageenan to final markets. In the two cases studied, results showed that, on a per kilogram basis, the barangay and large/provincial traders received the least share among value chain players but are compensated commensurately. For both established and emerging seaweeds value chain areas examined, the role of the traders in linking up players and matching the supply and demand by effectively consolidating to meet volume and quality requirements and ensuring competitive prices was found indispensable.
Paul Joseph B. Ramirez,Earl Joanne Santos-Ramirez,Orelie B. Delas Alas,Carlos L. Magnaye 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
The paper focused on identifying potential upgrading solutions along the seaweeds value chain in the Philippines. Using rapid appraisal and value chain approaches, the study revealed that the seaweeds industry is performing relatively well but there is still room for improvement. Based on two sets of value chain cases analyzed, the industry can capture greater value and revenues by transforming raw dried seaweeds to carrageenan rather than selling the former outright to other countries. The estimated value added in the two cases displayed that the processors in both scenarios receive much better gains, triple at the least of the raw dried seaweed exporters. This can also improve utilization of existing seaweeds processing plants and support the employment of local workers. Apart from the fact that the country has a competitive advantage in producing quality carrageenan, it will save the carrageenan plants from sourcing out their raw dried seaweeds inputs from its competitor countries that would also have impact on the bottom lines of the industry.
An Improved SVPWM Control of Voltage Imbalance in Capacitors of a Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter
Ramirez, Fernando Arturo,Arjona, Marco A. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.5
This paper presents a modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique (SVPWM), which solves the well-known problem of voltage imbalance in the capacitors of a single-phase multilevel inverter. The proposed solution is based on the measurement of DC voltage levels at each capacitor of the inverter DC bus. The measurements are then used to adjust the size of the active vectors within the SVPWM algorithm to keep the voltage waveform sinusoidal regardless of any voltage imbalance on the DC link capacitors. When a voltage deviation exceeds a predetermined hysteresis band, the correspondent voltage vector is restricted to restore the voltage level to an acceptable threshold. Hence, the need for external voltage regulators for the voltage capacitors is eliminated. The functionality of the proposed algorithm is successfully demonstrated through simulations and experiments on a grid tied application.
COLOGNE BRAND PREFERENCES OF TEENAGERS IN THE PHILIPPINES: MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS
Ramirez, Roderick V.,Madamba, Jeanette Angeline B.,Tan, Reynaldo L. KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.6 No.2
Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of a booming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address this gap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred by teens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson's Baby Cologne, Juicy, Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competing companies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior of cologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existed between these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippines stratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools in Quezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City to represent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. In general, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from one scent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyal consumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis and Pearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini (12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority of teenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle design and endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottles are priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of these findings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.
Ramirez-Gonzalez, Daniel,Cruz-Rivera, Jose de J.,Tiznado, Hugo,Rodriguez, Angel G.,Guillen-Escamilla, Ivan,Zamudio-Ojeda, Adalberto Techno-Press 2020 Advances in nano research Vol.9 No.1
In this work, we report the use of caffeine as an alternative source of nitrogen to successfully dope graphene (quaternary 400.6 eV and pyridinic at 398 eV according XPS), as well as the growth of silver nanowires (in-situ) in the surface of nitrogen doped graphene (NG) sheets. We used the improved graphene oxide method (IGO), chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GOx), and impregnation with caffeine as source of nitrogen for doping and subsequently, silver nanowires (NW) grow in the surface by the reduction of silver salts in the presence of NG, achieving a numerous of growth of NW in the graphene sheets. As supporting experimental evidence, the samples were analyzed using conventional characterization techniques: SEM-EDX, XRD, FT-IR, micro RAMAN, TEM, and XPS.
Ramirez Ivon Acosta,Sadak Omer,Sohail Wali,Huang Xi,Lu Yongfeng,Iverson Nicole M. 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.5
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have a strong and stable near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence that can be used to selectively detect target analytes, even at the single molecule level, through changes in either their fluorescence intensity or emission peak wavelength. SWNTs have been employed as NIR optical sensors for detecting a variety of analytes. However, high costs, long fabrication times, and poor distributions limit the current methods for immobilizing SWNT sensors on solid substrates. Recently, our group reported a protocol for SWNT immobilization with high fluorescence yield, longevity, fluorescence distribution, and sensor response, unfortunately this process takes 5 days to complete. Herein we report an improved method to immobilize SWNT sensors that only takes 2 days and results in higher fluorescence intensity while maintaining a high level of SWNT distribution. We performed surface morphology and chemical composition tests on the original and new synthesis methods and compared the sensor response rates. The development of this new method of attaching SWNT sensors to a platform allows for creation of a sensing system in just 2 days without sacrificing the advantageous characteristics of the original, 5-day platforms.
Integrating Y-Chromosome, Mitochondrial, and Autosomal Data to Analyze the Origin of Pig Breeds
Ramirez, O.,Ojeda, A.,Tomas, A.,Gallardo, D.,Huang, L.S.,Folch, J.M.,Clop, A.,Sanchez, A.,Badaoui, B.,Hanotte, O.,Galman-Omitogun, O.,Makuza, S.M.,Soto, H.,Cadillo, J.,Kelly, L.,Cho, I.C.,Yeghoyan, S. Oxford University Press 2009 Molecular biology and evolution Vol.26 No.9
<P>We have investigated the origin of swine breeds through the joint analysis of mitochondrial, microsatellite, and Y-chromosome polymorphisms in a sample of pigs and wild boars with a worldwide distribution. Genetic differentiation between pigs and wild boars was remarkably weak, likely as a consequence of a sustained gene flow between both populations. The analysis of nuclear markers evidenced the existence of a close genetic relationship between Near Eastern and European wild boars making it difficult to infer their relative contributions to the gene pool of modern European breeds. Moreover, we have shown that European and Far Eastern pig populations have contributed maternal and paternal lineages to the foundation of African and South American breeds. Although West African pigs from Nigeria and Benin exclusively harbored European alleles, Far Eastern and European genetic signatures of similar intensity were detected in swine breeds from Eastern Africa. This region seems to have been a major point of entry of livestock species in the African continent as a result of the Indian Ocean trade. Finally, South American creole breeds had essentially a European ancestry although Asian Y-chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes were found in a few Nicaraguan pigs. The existence of Spanish and Portuguese commercial routes linking Asia with America might have favored the introduction of Far Eastern breeds into this continent.</P>
DSP-Based Simplified Space-Vector PWM for a Three-Level VSI with Experimental Validation
Ramirez, Jose Dario Betanzos,Rivas, Jaime Jose Rodriguez,Peralta-Sanchez, Edgar The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.2
Multilevel inverters have gained attention in high-power applications due to their numerous advantages in comparison with conventional two-level inverters. In this paper a simplified Space-Vector Modulation (SVM) algorithm for a three-level Neutral-Point Clamped (NPC) inverter is implemented on a Freescale$^{(R)}$ DSP56F8037. The algorithm is based on a simplification of the space-vector diagram for a three-level inverter so that it can be used with a two-level inverter. Once the simplification has been achieved, calculation of the dwell times and the switching sequences are carried out in the same way as for the two-level SVM method. Details of the hardware design are included. Experimental results are analyzed to validate the performance of the simplified algorithm.