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The potential role of secondary metabolites in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat
Ramalingam, Vaikundamoorthy,Song, Zhen,Hwang, Inho Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2019 Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Flavor is one of the most significant characteristics of beef palatability and it can eventually affect the consumer's acceptance of a beef product and purchasing habits. Variation in beef quality is large and is due to many factors, such as differences in genetic background, sex, age, management and nutrition. The consumer's decision to purchase beef is guided by the perception of healthiness and a variety of sensory traits including color, tenderness, juiciness, and aroma or flavor. Apart from this, there are several factors including peptides, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, fat contents are also play a vital role in determining the taste and flavor of the meat. In this review, we try to explore and explain the potential role of these factors in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat in detail.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The novelty and significance of the work are as follows: </LI> <LI> Sensory properties of the meat. </LI> <LI> Effect of Maillard reaction in modulating the quality of the meat. </LI> <LI> Role of secondary metabolites in taste and flavor of the meat. </LI> <LI> Perception of the flavor in the meat quality. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ramalingam Sakthivel,Ramasamy Kavikumar,Oh-Min Kwon 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
This paper deals with the issue of asynchronous filter design for a class of discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems subject to time-varying delays, external disturbances and cyber attacks. Precisely, the cyber attacks phenomenon in the network environment satisfies the Bernoulli distributed white noise sequences. Firstly, an asynchronous filter is constructed for estimating the unmeasured states of the system and the corresponding fault detection problem is formulated as a resilient filtering issue by which the error between residual and fault is minimized with a mixed H<SUB>∞</SUB> and passivity performance. Secondly, the sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the filtering error system to be asymptotically stable. Finally, the applicability and usefulness of the proposed filter design method is verified through a practical example.
Decadal Variability of Satellite-Derived Air–Sea CO2 Flux in Southwestern Part of the Bay of Bengal
Ramalingam Shanthi,Durairaj Poornima,Thirunavukarasu Thangaradjou,Ayyappan Saravanakumar,Saroj B. Choudhury,Rajdeep Roy 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean science journal Vol.57 No.2
Understanding the relationship between atmospheric and oceanic carbon cycles necessitates measuring geographical and temporal variations of surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). The seasonal pCO2 maps have been developed using MODIS-derived SST and chlorophyll for four different seasons to calculate air–sea flux of CO2 at basin scale. Summer in 2017 had the lowest pCO2 value (263 µatm), whereas monsoon season in 2016 had the highest (553 µatm). From 2010 to 2019, atmospheric pCO2 level fluctuated from 371 to 396 µatm with progressive growth of atmospheric pCO2 at 2.5 μatm year−1. The inter-annual CO2 flux ranged between − 3.58 and 3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1. Significant negative CO2 flux (− 3.58 mmol C m−2 day−1) was observed in 2015 premonsoon, indicating that the Bay of Bengal was a net sink for atmospheric CO2, while served as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere in 2013 monsoon season with a significant positive flux of CO2 (3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1) to the atmosphere. The annual CO2 sink was active in 2015 (− 1.17 mmol C m−2 day−1) which showed increased trend from 2014 to 2018 with a range of − 1.17 to − 0.26 mmol C m−2 day−1. The Bay of Bengal was found to be a substantial CO2 contributor to the atmosphere in 2013 (3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1) and 2012 (3.27 mmol C m−2 day−1). In this context, the southwest Bay of Bengal serves as a net sink of atmospheric pCO2 during summer season on an annual scale, and a weak sink during postmonsoon and premonsoon seasons, while served as a strong source of CO2 to the atmosphere during monsoon season from 2010 to 2019 with super saturation of CO2.
Ramalingam Manikandan,Jang-Hee Yoon,Seung-Cheol Chang 한국표면공학회 2023 한국표면공학회지 Vol.56 No.1
In this work, we synthesized a novel electrochemical sensing materials based on tetracarboxylic copper phthalocyanine (TcCuPtc) conjugated PANI (TcCuPtc@PANI). The synthesized materials were employed to modify the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the selective sensing of 4-nitrophenol. The TcCuPtc was conjugated with conducting polymer of PANI through the electrostatic interaction and π-π electron conjugation, the polymer film of PANI to inhibit the leakage of TcCuPtc from the surface of the electrode. The prepared TcCuPtc@PANI were characterized and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX, ATR-IR, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The prepared TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE showed an excellent electrocatalytic sensing of 4-NP in the linear concentrations from 3 to 500 nM with a LOD of 0.03 nM and a sensitivity of 8.8294 μA/nM cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. However, the prepared TcCuPtc@PANI/ SPCE showed selective sensing of 4-NP in the presence of other interfering species. The practical applicability of the TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE was employed for the sensing of 4-NP in different water samples by standard addition method and showed satisfactory recovery results.
Endophytic Fungal Pre-treatments of Seeds Alleviates Salinity Stress Effects in Soybean Plants
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,Abdul Latif Khan,이인정 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.6
In the present study, four endophytic fungi (GM-1, GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4) were tested for their ability to improve soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions. The seed germination and plant growth were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungal cultures than their controls. The positive influence of fungi on plant growth was supported by gibberellins analysis of culture filtrate (CF), which showed wide diversity and various concentrations of GAs. Specifically, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, and GA20 were found in fungal CFs. Under salinity stress conditions, GM-1significantly enhanced the length and fresh weight of soybean plants relative to other fungal treatments. GM-1 effectively mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by limiting lipid peroxidation and accumulating protein content. GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4 also counteracted the salinity induced oxidative stress in soybean plants through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of protein content, maintaining the length and fresh weight of shoots. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were inhibited in salinity exposed plants,while GM-1 significantly enhanced these antioxidant enzyme activities in plants under salt stress. GM-1 treatment also showed lower levels of abscisic acid and elevated levels of salicylic acid in plants under salinity stress. Hence, GM-1 was identified as Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) isolate RK01 based on its DNA sequence homology. These results suggest that endophytic fungal (F. verticillioides) pre-treatment of soybean seeds would be an effective method to promote soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions.
Ramalingam, Mahesh,Yong-Ki, Park Medknow Publications 2010 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.6 No.24
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Antioxidants from natural resources possess multifaceted and importance of the activities provides substantial scope in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the free radical scavenging activities of <B>Cnidium officinale</B> and <B>Ligusticum chuanxiong</B>, which are closely related species.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>The scavenging activities of plant materials were evaluated using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical (O<SUB>2</SUB>·<SUP>-</SUP>), hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), hydroxyl (OH·), nitric oxide radical (NO·) and metal chelation. In addition, the cell viability and nitric oxide release were assayed using Neuro-2a (N2a) cells.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The methanolic extracts of <B>C. officinale</B> and <B>L. chuanxiong</B> showed scavenging activities of free radicals with an additional antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the efficacy on the cell viability and nitric oxide release in cell culture model has been established.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Results of the present study suggests that the extracts of <B>C. officinale</B> and <B>L. chuanxiong</B> have comparatively similar free radical scavenging activities <I>in vitro</I> and may have important health effects.</P>