La Question du Cachemire: : perspectives geopolitiques

Racine, jean-Luc 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 남아시아연구소 2000 남아시아연구 Vol.5 No.-

L`image de La Femme a travers Le Roman et Le Theatre africains

( Abdoulaye Racine Senghor ) 서울대학교 불어문화권연구소 2012 Revue dEtudes Francophones Vol.1 No.-

RESUME. La literature africaine ecrite-qu`elle soit franco-phone, Anglophone ou autres - est marquee par une forte pres-ence des homes, a la fois du point du vue des auteurs et des personages. Cette literature a d`abord ete fortement favorisee et influence par le colonisateur, disons plus exactement par le sys-teme colonial et par l`ecole qu`il a installee et qui a ete un puis-sant moyen de transformation ideologique, culturel et social. Cette literature a evolue, du debut du 20eme siecle a nos jours, en passant par les annees 60, annees des independences porteuses de reves. La Femme y a gagne progressivement une place importante, comme simple personage d`abord, comme heroine principale ensuite, et enfin comme auteur. De tout cela, il se degage une image multiforme de la femme africaine qui est a la fois le reflet de ses divers statuts, de sa vi-sion du monde et de ses esperances. Il est interessant a ce sujet de voir combine le traitement litteraire de i`image de la femme renvoie a l`evolution meme de I`Afrique, une Afrique qui con-tinue de chercher sa voie dans le monde.

국문요약 : 문학과 미술에 의한 세네갈 사회의 스케치

압둘라야라신느셍고르 ( Abdoulaye Racine SenGhor ) 서울대학교 불어문화권연구소 2010 불어문화권연구 Vol.20 No.-

본 논문은 세네갈의 문학과 예술이 프랑스의 형식과 자신의 전통을 차용하는 방식을 조망해보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선 식민지배의 역사와 맞물리며 발전해온 프랑스어권 아프리카 문학의 역사 속에서, 세네갈 문학사를 크게 네 단계의 시대로 구분해 살펴볼 수 있다. 세네갈 작가에 의해 프랑스어 아프리카 문학이 시작된 것은 1920년대로, 이때부터 1945년까지는 프랑스 식민 지배와의 "타협의 문학"이라 부를 수 있는 시대이다. 두 번째 시기는 2차 대전 이후부터, 식민주의를 비판하기 시작하고 강한 문화정체성을 표현하기 시작했던 시기로, 특히 2차 대전에서 프랑스 군대를 대신하여 나치와 싸운 세네갈 용병들이 새로운 세계관을 갖기 시작했고, 생고르, 세제르의 네그리튀드 운동이 일어나면서 더 힘을 얻어 세네갈이 60년에 독립할 때까지 이런 경향은 계속된다. 그러나 1960년 독립 이후부터는 독립에 대해 비판하기 시작한 `환멸의 시기` 또는 독립에 대한 평가의 시기를 맞게 된다. 마지막 시기는 현재로, 작가들의 화두가 다양해 지고, 여성문학이 놀라운 힘으로 부상하는 등 새로운 글쓰기로 특징지어진다. 이러한 전시기에 걸쳐 세네갈의 소설에 가장 두드러지게 나타나는 주제로 우리는 유러피언 드림 혹은 프렌치 드림이 라 할 수 있는 바깥 세계에 대한 동경, 그리고 세네갈의 가족 상과 사회상을 그대로 그려 보이는 풍속화적 경향 두 가지를 꼽으려 한다. 우선 `다른 곳ailleurs`에 대한 동경과 그 좌절의 주제는 우스만 소세, 켄 불, 파투 디움 등의 작가들의 작품에서 드러난다. 이 작품들은 대부분 유럽에 대한, 특히 프랑스에 대한 꿈을 꾸었으나 이루지 못하는 이들을 등장시켜 이민자 문제, 조국 세네갈에 대한 애착 등을 다룬다. 두 번째 풍속화적 경향을 보이는 작품 가운데서는 페미니스트 작가인 마리아마 바와 남성작가 알리우 엔다오의 작품을 예로 들 수 있는데, 세네갈 소설 중 가장 유명한 작품 중 하나인 『이렇 게도 긴 편지Une si longue lettre』 에서 바는 주인공의 명철한 시선을 통해 일부다처제, 여성착취, 가부장제적 권력 등 변화하는 사회 속 세네갈 가족의 문제들을 다루며, 알리우 엔다오의 소설은 개인주의, 기회주의, 위선과 허영으로 움직이는 사회적 관계를 꼬집는다. 한편 소설과는 별도로 세네갈의 미술은 짧은 역사에도 불구하고 역동적으로 발전하고 있는 세네갈의 미술에 대해 주목할 필요가 있다. 특히 오는 12월 세네갈에서 열리는 저113회 세계 아르네그르 축제는 다양한 형태의 전시뿐 아니라 문화 간 상호교류와 만남의 장이 될 것이다. 다른 예술장르들과는 달리 회화는 20세기 후반에 들어서야 시작되었는데, 대표적으로 음보르 파예와 엔디야에 그리고 곧 한국에서 전시회를 열칼리두 카스와 같은 작가의 향후 작업을 기대해 볼 수 있다.

Purification and characterization of monoclonal IgG antibodies recognizing Ebola virus glycoprotein

한백상,장호영,Trina Racine,Xiangguo Qiu,신정임 대한백신학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The goal of this study was to purify and characterize Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP)-specific IgG antibodies from hybridoma clones. Materials and Methods: For hybridoma production, mice were injected by intramuscular-electroporation with GP DNA vaccines, and boosted with GP vaccines. The spleen cells were used for producing GP-specific hybridoma. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot assay, flow cytometry, and virus-neutralizing assay were used to test the ability of monoclonal IgG antibodies to recognize GP and neutralize Ebola virus. Results: Twelve hybridomas, the cell supernatants of which displayed GP-binding activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the presence of both IgG heavy and light chains by Western blot assay, were chosen as a possible IgG producer. Among these, five clones (C36-1, D11-3, D12-1, D34-2, and E140-2) were identified to secrete monoclonal IgG antibodies. When the monoclonal IgG antibodies from the 5 clones were tested for their antigen specificity, they recognized GP in an antigen-specific and IgG dose-dependent manner. They remained reactive to GP at the lowest tested concentrations (1.953-7.8 ng/mL). In particular, IgG antibodies from clones D11-3, D12-1, and E140-2 recognized the native forms of GP expressed on the cell surface. These antibodies were identified as IgG1, IgG2a, or IgG2b kappa types and appeared to recognize the native forms of GP, but not the denatured forms of GP, as determined by Western blot assay. Despite their GP-binding activity, none of the IgG antibodies neutralized Ebola virus infection in vitro, suggesting that these antibodies are unable to neutralize Ebola virus infection. Conclusion: This study shows that the purified IgG antibodies from 5 clones (C36-1, D11-3, D12-1, D34-2, and E140-2) possess GP-binding activity but not Ebola virus-neutralizing activity.

Properties of a-C:H films deposited from a methane electron cyclotron wave resonant plasma

N.A.Morrison,C.William,B.Racine,W.I.Milne,E.Martinez,J.Esteve,J.L.Andujar 한국물리학회 2003 Current Applied Physics Vol.3 No.5

An electron cyclotron wave resonant methane plasma discharge was used for the high rate deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H). Deposition rates of up to 400 AA/min were obtained over substrates up to 2.5 in. in diameter with a film thickness uniformity of 10%. The deposited films were characterised in terms of their mass density, sp3 and hydrogen contents, C–H bonding, intrinsic stress, scratch resistance and friction properties. The deposited films possessed an average sp3 content, mass density and refractive index of 58%, 1.76 g/cm3 and 2.035 respectively. Mechanical characterisation indicated that the films possessed very low steady-state coefficients of friction (ca. 0.06) and a moderate shear strength of 141 MPa. Nano-indentation measurements also indicated a hardness and elastic modulus of 16.1 and 160 GPa respectively. The critical loads required to induce coating failure were also observed to increase with ion energy as a consequence of the increase in degree of ion mixing at the interface. Furthermore, coating failure under scratch test conditions was observed to take place via fracture within the silicon substrate itself, rather than either in the coating or at the film/substrate interface. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fast response time of micropixels with in-plane switching of positive liquid crystals using crossed patterned electrodes

Clément Abélard,Aurélien Suhm,Benoit Racine,Umberto Rossini,François Templier 한국정보디스플레이학회 2019 Journal of information display Vol.20 No.3

Demonstrated herein is a fast in-plane switching (IPS) cell with positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystals using crossed patterned electrodes in three different conditions. The ineffectiveness of one of these three structures due to the ‘Faraday cage’ effect was shown. With another structure, a fast response time was also shown to be impossible to achieve due to several contrast issues. In the third structure, a fast response time was achieved due to a combination of high-driving and crossed patterned electrodes allowing fast turn-off. Two of the three structures was manufactured. With the first one, an experiment confirmed the ‘Faraday cage’ effect. In the second structure, a response time four to eight times faster than the conventional IPS mode was experimentally demonstrated using two different kinds of liquid crystal.

Preferences of ICT among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: An Ecuadorian Cross-Sectional Study

Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda,Miguel Felix,Valeria L. Mata,Emanuel Vanegas,Antonio W. D. Gavilanes,Peter Chedraui,Daniel Simancas-Racines,Juan Carlos Calderon,Fabian Ortiz,Guillermina Blum,Angela Plua,Gino Gonza 대한의료정보학회 2018 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of use, and preferences regarding information and communication technologies (ICTs) among Ecuadorian patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey-based study from January 2016 to April 2017, involving 393 patients with end-stage renal disease from 9 hemodialysis centers, in which they rated their use and preferences of various ICTs through a modified version of the Michigan Questionnaire. The questionnaire collected information regarding demographics, patients’ interest in obtaining health-related information through ICTs, and interest in using ICTs as a potential way to communicate with their healthcare providers. A chi-square test for association and adjusted regression analyses were performed. Results: Among all patients who participated, 64.3% reported owning a cellphone, with less than a third reporting active Internet connection. The most used ICT for obtaining information about CKD and/or hemodialysis was web-based Internet, followed by YouTube. SMS was rated the highest to receive and seek health-related information, followed by Facebook. Younger age and higher levels of education were associated with a higher overall usage of ICTs. Finally, more than half of the patients reported interest in using WhatsApp for communicating with their healthcare providers. Conclusions: Understanding the preferences of ICTs among patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis could help to improve their outcomes through the potential uses and benefits of ICTs. Further research is needed to assess their role in improving the care of patients with chronic diseases.