Genetics components of rice root architecture and carbon isotopic fractionation parameters: a tracer for breeding in a water-saving irrigation management

Brito Giovani G.,Concenço Germani,Costa Vladimir E.,Fagundes Paulo Ricardo R.,da Silva-Filho João Luis,Parfitt José Maria B.,Magalhães Ariano,Silva Giovana T.,Jardim Thaís M.,Luccas Nathália Furtado,S 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

Phenotyping is the major bottleneck in the efort to develop varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) suitable for growing under a water-saving irrigation management, such as alternate wetting and drying irrigation techniques (AWD). To analyze if the genotypic variability for carbon isotope discrimination (CID) in rice leaves could be used as a relatively high-throughput tracer to early select superior genotypes highlighting improved root architecture traits when submitted to AWD, a set of twenty varieties grown under semi-natural conditions were submitted to two water irrigation regimes, continuous fooding (CF) and AWD cycles. Coefcients of genetic variance (π2g) obtained for root architecture, micro-morphological and physiological traits were signifcant for all of them regardless of the adopted irrigation system, except to mean root diameter. The three signifcant principal components (PCs) with eigenvalue>1, explain most of the total variation across cycles and water regimes. For most of analyzed traits, the values of heritability coefcients were higher regardless of adopted irrigation management and trait category; for CID, the magnitudes of broad heritability at an individual level (greater than 0.80) were similar in the two irrigation techniques, evidencing that the success of the selection is independent of irrigation management. The higher CID values after three AWD cycles are associated with varieties with higher total root length and volume. To our knowledge, this is the frst study demonstrating the potential application of CID as a tracer to select root architecture traits in rice when water-saving irrigation management is of concern

Towards a critical understanding of the photosystem II repair mechanism and its regulation during stress conditions

Nath, K.,Jajoo, A.,Poudyal, R.S.,Timilsina, R.,Park, Y.S.,Aro, E.M.,Nam, H.G.,Lee, C.H. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 FEBS letters Vol.587 No.21

Photosystem II (PSII) is vulnerable to high light (HL) illumination resulting in photoinhibition. In addition to photoprotection mechanisms, plants have developed an efficient PSII repair mechanism to save themselves from irreversible damage to PSII under abiotic stresses including HL illumination. The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle along with subsequent degradation of photodamaged D1 protein to be replaced by the insertion of a newly synthesized copy of D1 into the PSII complex, is the core function of the PSII repair cycle. The exact mechanism of this process is still under discussion. We describe the recent progress in identifying the kinases, phosphatases and proteases, and in understanding their involvement in the maintenance of thylakoid structure and the quality control of proteins by PSII repair cycle during photoinhibition.

Photobiological hydrogen production and artificial photosynthesis for clean energy: from bio to nanotechnologies

Nath, K.,Najafpour, M. M.,Voloshin, R. A.,Balaghi, S. E.,Tyystjä,rvi, E.,Timilsina, R.,Eaton-Rye, J. J.,Tomo, T.,Nam, H. G.,Nishihara, H. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 Photosynthesis research Vol.126 No.2

Production of superoxide from photosystem II-light harvesting complex II supercomplex in STN8 kinase knock-out rice mutants under photoinhibitory illumination

Poudyal, R.S.,Nath, K.,Zulfugarov, I.S.,Lee, C.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Biology Vol.162 No.-

When phosphorylation of Photosystem (PS) II core proteins is blocked in STN8 knock-out mutants of rice (Oryza sativa) under photoinhibitory illumination, the mobilization of PSII supercomplex is prevented. We have previously proposed that more superoxide (O<SUB>2</SUB>?<SUP>-</SUP>) is produced from PSII in the mutant (Nath et al., 2013, Plant J. 76, 675-686). Here, we clarify the type and site for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using both histochemical and fluorescence probes, we observed that, compared with wild-type (WT) leaves, levels of ROS, including O<SUB>2</SUB>?<SUP>-</SUP> and hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), were increased when leaves from mutant plants were illuminated with excess light. However, singlet oxygen production was not enhanced under such conditions. When superoxide dismutase was inhibited, O<SUB>2</SUB>?<SUP>-</SUP> production was increased, indicating that it is the initial event prior to H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production. In thylakoids isolated from WT leaves, kinase was active in the presence of ATP, and spectrophotometric analysis of nitrobluetetrazolium absorbance for O<SUB>2</SUB>?<SUP>-</SUP> confirmed that PSII-driven superoxide production was greater in the mutant thylakoids than in the WT. This contrast in levels of PSII-driven superoxide production between the mutants and the WT plants was confirmed by conducting protein oxidation assays of PSII particles from osstn8 leaves under strong illumination. Those assays also demonstrated that PSII-LHCII supercomplex proteins were oxidized more in the mutant, thereby implying that PSII particles incur greater damage even though D1 degradation during PSII-supercomplex mobilization is partially blocked in the mutant. These results suggest that O<SUB>2</SUB>?<SUP>-</SUP> is the major form of ROS produced in the mutant, and that the damaged PSII in the supercomplex is the primary source of O<SUB>2</SUB>?<SUP>-</SUP>.

Survey Paper: Location Management in CDMA Network

N. P. Nath,S. R. Parija,P. K. Sahu,S. S. Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.1

With the rapid increase in international roaming and highly growing number of cellular subscribers it is important to locate the subscriber both efficiently and accurately not only to reduce the cost but also to decrease the load on MSC and decrease the paging delay. The procedure used by the service provider for both collecting and analyzing the information regarding the subscribers’ location is called location management. Location management comprises of location update and paging schemes. This paper tried to highlight the different location management techniques and paging schemes that are used in CDMA network. This paper also compares their features, merits and demerits. Finally the paper discusses various techniques that are used in order to optimize the location update schemes by categorizing them into two broad groups’ i.e. static location update and dynamic location update. Each group enlists different techniques that are used to decide the update frequency of MS (Mobile System). This study has tried to summarize their underlying concepts and various pros and cons.

Beam Dynamics in a Long-pulse Linear Induction Accelerator

Carl Ekdahl,E. O. Abeyta,P. Aragon,R. Archuleta,G. Cook,D. Dalmas,K. Esquibel,R. Gallegos,R. Garnett,J. Harrison,J. Johnson,E. Jacquez,B. Trent McCuistian,N. Montoya,S. Nath,K. Nielsen,D. Oro,C. Rose 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61

The second axis of the Dual Axis Radiography of Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) facility produces up to four radiographs within an interval of 1.6 microseconds. It accomplishes this by slicing four micro-pulses out of a long 1.8-kA, 16.5-MeV electron beam pulse and focusing them onto a bremsstrahlung converter target. The long beam pulse is created by a dispenser cathode diode and accelerated by the unique DARHT Axis-II linear induction accelerator (LIA). Beam motion in the accelerator would be a problem for radiography. High frequency motion, such as from beam breakup instability, would blur the individual spots. Low frequency motion, such as produced by pulsed power variation, would produce spot to spot differences. In this article, we describe these sources of beam motion, and the measures we have taken to minimize it.

Observation of novel coexistence of Kondo effect and room temperature magnetism in AlN/Al/AlN trilayer thin film

Nath Deena,Chakravarty Sujay,Deshpade U.P.,Arasu A.V. Thanikai,Baskaran R.,Shekar N.V. Chandra 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.34 No.-

In this work for the first time, we are reporting the unusual observation of the Kondo effect with the coexistence of room temperature ferromagnetism in AlN/Al/AlN trilayer thin film. The grown film shows resistivity minimum at a temperature of ~48K, which shifts to the lower temperature on the application of magnetic fields. After considering various possibilities for an upturn in resistivity, we found that the Kondo scattering is responsible for upturn at low temperature. The simultaneous presence of ferromagnetism and Kondo scattering is explained by spatial variation of nitrogen vacancy defects from the film surface to the Al sandwich layer. Furthermore, magneto-transport properties of the film measured at different temperature exhibits both negative and positive components described by localized magnetic moment model for the spin scattering of carriers and two-band model, respectively. This work provides insight into the novel co-existence of ferromagnetism and Kondo effect in crystalline AlN.

Estimation of Crossbreeding Parameters for Serum Lysozyme Level in Broiler

Nath, M.,Singh, B.P.,Saxena, V.K.,Dev Roy, A.K.,Singh, R.V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.2

The main objective of the present study is to estimate the crossbreeding parameters in respect to serum lysozyme level in broilers. The experiment involved a complete $4{\times}4$ diallel design using four synthetic broiler lines namely Coloured Synthetic Male Line (CSML), White Synthetic Male Line (WSML), Coloured Synthetic Female Line (CSFL) and Naked Neck Line (NNL). The lyophilised Micrococcus lysodeikticus suspension was used to detect the lysozyme level in the serum of birds. The data were analysed by least-squares method to find the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors using appropriate model. The crossbreeding parameters for this trait were estimated by complete diallel model assuming the effect of each synthetic line as fixed. The results indicated that additive and non-additive genetic variation attributed to minor genes at many loci is important for the genetic control of serum lysozyme level in chickens. Total non-additive components of variance also showed significant amount of heterosis in crossbred progenies, and therefore exploitation of non-additive component of variance is possible for improvement in serum lysozyme level in broilers. The overall results suggested that for commercial broiler production system, the selection for specialised line on the basis of serum lysozyme level and subsequent crossing of parent lines could enhance the immunocompetence status in relation to serum lysozyme level in crossbred chickens.

Structural and electrical properties of lead free ceramic: Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃

Nath, K. Amar,Prasad, K.,Chandra, K.P.,Kulkarni, A.R. Techno-Press 2013 Advances in materials research Vol.2 No.2

Impedance and electrical conduction studies of $Ba(Nd_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$ ceramic prepared using conventional high temperature solid-state reaction technique are presented. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were estimated using Rietveld analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with space group $Pm\bar{3}m$. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried to study the quality and purity of compound. The circuit model fittings were carried out using the impedance data to find the correlation between the response of real system and idealized model electrical circuit. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type and negative temperature coefficient of resistance character. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in $Ba(Nd_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$. The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy.

Diversity and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi of $Emblica$ $officinalis$, an Ethnomedicinal Plant of India

Nath, Archana,Raghunatha, Prajwal,Joshi, S.R. The Korean Society of Mycology 2012 Mycobiology Vol.40 No.1

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.