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Population-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu, Philippines
Sakamuri, R. M.,Kimura, M.,Li, W.,Kim, H.-C.,Lee, H.,Kiran, M. D.,Black, W. C.,Balagon, M.,Gelber, R.,Cho, S.-N.,Brennan, P. J.,Vissa, V. American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.47 No.9
<P>To address the persisting problem of leprosy in Cebu, Philippines, we compiled a database of more than 200 patients who attend an established referral skin clinic. We described the patient characteristics in conventional demographic parameters and also applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for Mycobacterium leprae in biopsied skin lesion samples. These combined approaches revealed that transmission is ongoing, with the affected including the young Cebuano population under 40 years of age in both crowded cities and rural areas of the island. The emergence of multicase families (MCF) is indicative of infection unconstrained by standard care measures. For the SNPs, we designed a low-cost PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. MLVA in M. leprae was highly discriminatory in this population yet could retain broad groups, as defined by the more stable SNPs, implying temporal marker stability suitable for interpreting population structures and evolution. The majority of isolates belong to an Asian lineage (SNP type 1), and the rest belong to a putative postcolonial lineage (SNP type 3). Specific alleles at two VNTR loci, (GGT)5 and 21-3, were highly associated with SNP type 3 in this population. MLVA identified M. leprae genotype associations for patients with known epidemiological links such as in MCFs and in some villages. These methods provide a molecular database and a rational framework for targeted approaches to search and confirm leprosy transmission in various scenarios.</P>
Chandrika. K.C,Niranjana Prabhu,R. R. Siva Kiran,R. Hari Krishna 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.1
Most of the photocatalytic studies for pollutant degradation are based on optimizing a single parameter that results in a non-linear relationship between the overall parameters and the photo-degradation reactions. To address this critical problem, herein, we report the use of Response Surface Methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for modeling the photocatalysis degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye using nano TiO₂ as photocatalyst. The catalyst characterizations are carried out using XRD, SEM, and TEM, indicating that the TiO₂ prepared by sol-gel synthesis possesses Anatase phase with particles in the nano regime and porous surface morphology. The optimum operating conditions for degradation of MG was identified by the interactive effects of variable factors such as initial dye concentration 10-30 ppm (x₁), catalyst dosage 1-3 mg (x₂), contact time 20-60 min (x₃) using the Box-Behnken method. Furthermore, the degradation reactions are also evaluated by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Their predicted results have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable. Their optimal results to achieve 90% degradation efficiency at TiO₂ nanoparticle dosage (3 mg), reaction time (60 min), and initial dye concentration (20 ppm) have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable.
Kiran, A J,Lee, H W,Sampath Kumar, H C,Rudresha, B J,Bhat, B R,Yeom, D-I,Kim, K,Rotermund, F IOP Publishing 2010 Journal of optics Vol.12 No.3
<P>A new coordination compound, chloro(1,10-phenanthroline-<I>N</I>, <I>N</I><SUP>′</SUP>)(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) dichloromethane, incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) exhibits superior nonlinear optical properties in the near-infrared spectral region. Its nonlinear response time and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility at 800 nm are ≤ 90 fs and 1.8 × 10<SUP> − 10</SUP> esu, respectively. Considerable nonlinear absorption is observed with this sample, near 800 and 1250 nm. The contribution of the excited states to the total nonlinear absorption process is discussed. The results reveal the potential of this newly designed compound for multi-photon absorption-based photonic applications.</P>
Kiran F. Shelke,Suryakant B. Sapkal,Swapnil S. Sonar,Balaji R. Madje,Bapurao B. Shingate,Murlidhar S. Shingare 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.5
Boric acid (BO3H3) is an inexpensive, efficient and mild catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles in excellent yields from the one-pot three-component condensation of benzil/benzoin, an aldehydes and ammonium acetate in aqueous media under ultrasound at room temperature. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are green catalyst, mild reaction conditions, simple procedures, much faster reactions and excellent yield of products.
Mamtha R.,Tannavi Kiran,Manjulakumari D. 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3
Male-derived accessory glands (MAGs) in insects typically transfer a mixture of proteins and other molecules during mating that have profound effect on female physiology and reproductive behaviour. In the present study, we sought to identify MAG proteins of the serious agricultural pest Spodoptera litura as they have been extensively studied in Drosophila and other insects. A total of 566 distinct proteins across gels of virgin and mated males, as well as 91 differentially expressed proteins in mated contrast to virgin males of S. litura were detected by 2D gel electrophoresis. Here, we successfully identified 20 MAG proteins that appeared in virgin males and depleted in mated males by mass spectrometry, thus predicting the transfer of proteins from males to females during mating. We analyzed the proteins for homology to other proteins with known functions available in Swiss- Prot through Mascot search engine. The proteins were categorized into six diverse functional groups: Metabolism, protein folding, antioxidation, olfaction, DNA binding/replication and cellular activity/response. Most of the MAG proteins fall into the same functional class as in other organisms, although some appear to rapidly evolve. The probable roles of the identified proteins associated with physiology and reproduction have been discussed. Thus, in this study we establish a strong precedent for future research on the potential of MAG proteins to interfere with the pest's own mechanisms resulting in its failure to reproduce successfully.
Shelke, Kiran F.,Sapkal, Suryakant,Sonal, Swapnil,Madje, Balaji R.,Shingate, Bapurao B.,Shingare, Murlidhar S. Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.5
Boric acid ($BO_3H_3$) is an inexpensive, efficient and mild catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles in excellent yields from the one-pot three-component condensation of benzil/benzoin, an aldehydes and ammonium acetate in aqueous media under ultrasound at room temperature. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are green catalyst, mild reaction conditions, simple procedures, much faster reactions and excellent yield of products.
Ruchika Sharma,Kiran Sehrawat,R.M. Mehra 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.1
Highly transparent and conductive scandium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Sc) films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by sol.gel technique using zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O] as precursor,2-methoxyethanol as solvent and monoethanolamine as a stabilizer. The doping with scandium is achieved by adding 0.5 wt% of scandium nitrate hexahydrate [(ScNO3·6H2O)] in the solution. The influence of annealing temperature (300-550 ℃) on the structural, optical and electrical properties was investigated. X-ray Diffraction study revealed that highly c-axis oriented films with full-width half maximum of 0.16˚ are obtained at an annealing temperature of 400 ℃. The surface morphology of the films was judged by SEM and AFM images which indicated formation of grains. The average transmittance was found to be above 92% in the visible region. ZnO:Sc film, annealed at 400 ℃ exhibited minimum resistivity of 1.91 × 10-4 Ω cm. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements of the ZnO:Sc films annealed at 400 ℃ showed ultraviolet peak at ~3.31eV with a FWHM of 11.2 meV, which are comparable to those found in high-quality ZnO films. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern confirmed the epitaxial nature of the films even without introducing any buffer layer.
Dynamic response of a MRE sandwich structure under a non-homogenous magnetic field
Poojary Umanath R.,Hegde Sriharsha,Kiran Katari,Gangadharan K. V. 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.79 No.9
A viscoelastic layer improves the response of a sandwich structure under dynamic loading. Through integration of a magnetosensitive elastomer core, the adaptability of the structure over a wider frequency can be achieved. The current work focuses on the influence of a non-homogeneous magnetic field on a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE)-based sandwich cantilever beam. The dynamic response of the structure is measured using the impact hammer test as per the ASTM E-756-05 standard. Results revealed that the fundamental natural frequency of the MRE sandwich beam is a function of the intensity and the location of the non-homogenous magnetic field. The fundamental natural frequency is reduced as the magnitude of the magnetic flux density is increased or the magnetized region is shifted towards the fixed end. This unique response of the MRE sandwich beam under a non-homogenous magnetic field is an exception to the usual stiffness-enhancing behavior of a MRE. To study this disparity, we independently investigated the contributions by the localized stiffness enhancement and the deflection due to magnetic pull. The effect of the localized overall stiffness enhancement on the overall stiffness of the sandwich beam is investigated using modal analysis in ANSYS to analyze the variation in the fundamental frequency. The contribution due to magnetic pull is studied by performing an experimental modal analysis on an equivalent ferromagnetic cantilever beam deflected under the influence of a magnetic field. By comparing the experimental results and the corresponding investigation on the influencing factors, we confirmed that magnetic pull induced under non-homogenous magnetic field is an important parameter that significantly contributes to the dynamic response of a MRE sandwich beam.
Screening of botanicals against the adults of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L.
S. Rajashekara,R. Kiran,V. Bhavya,C. Chithrashree,V. Chaitra,Deepti Ravi Joshi,M. G. Venkatesha 한국잠사학회 2023 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.47 No.1
Sitophilus oryzae L. (Rice Weevil) is a stored pest of rice that causes extensive loss throughout the world. We tested the leaf powders of 12 plant species viz., Chrysanthemum sp., Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus grandis, Citrus limon, Gliricidia sepium, Gymnema sylvestre, Hemigraphis colorata, Michelia champaca, Moringa oleifera, Murraya koenigii, Polyalthia longifolia, and Sauropus androgynus at dosages of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 3.00g against the adult rice weevil and mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12 and 2l days after treatment (DAT) by direct contact toxicity for their adulticidal effect. We observed 100 percent adult mortality in C. zevlanicum and M. koenigii among the tested leaf powders. In addition, the first-time tested H. colorata and S. androgynus also caused high mortality compared to other plants. All the plant powders caused moderate to high adult mortality. Hence, these plants could be effective botanical insecticides against S. oryzae as they comprise a potential source of bioactive chemicals and are generally free from toxicants. Applications of these natural derivatives in S. oryzae control could reduce the cost of control methods and storage of rice contamination. Therefore, the present study indicates that some plant extracts can be used as an alternative to toxic synthetic chemicals in the management of rice weevils.