Noninvasive Remote-Controlled Release of Drug Molecules in Vitro Using Magnetic Actuation of Mechanized Nanoparticles

Thomas, Courtney R.,Ferris, Daniel P.,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Choi, Eunjoo,Cho, Mi Hyeon,Kim, Eun Sook,Stoddart, J. Fraser,Shin, Jeon-Soo,Cheon, Jinwoo,Zink, Jeffrey I. American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.31

<P>Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are useful nanomaterials that have demonstrated the ability to contain and release cargos with mediation by gatekeepers. Magnetic nanocrystals have the ability to exhibit hyperthermic effects when placed in an oscillating magnetic field. In a system combining these two materials and a thermally sensitive gatekeeper, a unique drug delivery system can be produced. A novel material that incorporates zinc-doped iron oxide nanocrystals within a mesoporous silica framework that has been surface-modified with pseudorotaxanes is described. Upon application of an AC magnetic field, the nanocrystals generate local internal heating, causing the molecular machines to disassemble and allowing the cargos (drugs) to be released. When breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were treated with doxorubicin-loaded particles and exposed to an AC field, cell death occurred. This material promises to be a noninvasive, externally controlled drug delivery system with cancer-killing properties.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-31/ja1022267/production/images/medium/ja-2010-022267_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja1022267'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Age-Related Modification of Maxillofacial and Oral Regions: A Review

한성수(S.S. Han),고재승(J.S. Ko),김동환(Y.J. Choi),김선화(D.H. Kim),유기수(S.H. Kim),유영현(K.S. Yoo),윤식(Y.H. Yoo),최연주(S. Yoon),R.F. Wang(R.F. Wang),M.G. Mitzel(M.G. Mitzel),R. Courtney(R. Courtney) 대한체질인류학회 1996 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.9 No.1

간추림 이 종설은 20세기 후반기가 빚어낸 노인 인구의 인구 역학적 증가가 노화 연구, 특히 인간 노화 과정의 연구를 촉구하고 있는 이유를 정리하였다. 인간 노화는 인간 개성의 차이 때문에 그 연구의 모델을 찾는 것이 중요하다. 통계에 쓰기 종은 형적 연구와 종적 연구의 장단점을 비교하였다. 악안면구강영역을 중심으로한 인간 노화의 부위적 노화를 다룬 이유는 위에서 말한 해부학적 부위가 모든 인체 조직세포와 뇌신경이 집중된 부위로서 그 다양성과 복잡성이 인체 노화를 연구 하는데 좋은 부위이기 때문이다. 다만 그 중에서도 치아 자체의 노화 과정을 좀 더 다룰 재료를 모우 이용하지 옷 항을 안타깝게 생각한다.

Cement Augmentation of Vertebral Compression Fractures May Be Safely Considered in the Very Elderly

Anoop R. Galivanche,Courtney Toombs,Murillo Adrados,Wyatt B. David,Rohil Malpani,Comron Saifi,Peter G. Whang,Jonathan N. Grauer,Arya G. Varthi 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1

Objective: The objective of the current study was to perform a retrospective review of a national database to assess the safety of cement augmentation for vertebral compression fractures in geriatric populations in varying age categories. Methods: The 2005–2016 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases were queried to identify patients undergoing kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty in the following age categories: 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, and 90+ years old. Demographic variables, comorbidity status, procedure type, provider specialty, inpatient/outpatient status, number of procedure levels, and periprocedure complications were compared between age categories using chi-square analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions controlling for patient and procedural variables were then performed to assess the relative periprocedure risks of adverse outcomes of patients in the different age categories relative to those who were 60–69 years old. Results: For the 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, and 90+ years old cohorts, 486, 822, 937, and 215 patients were identified, respectively. After controlling for patient and procedural variables, 30-day any adverse events, serious adverse events, reoperation, readmission, and mortality were not different for the respective age categories. Cases in the 80- to 89-year-old cohort were at increased risk of minor adverse events compared to cases in the 60- to 69-year-old cohort. Conclusion: As the population ages, cement augmentation is being considered as a treatment for vertebral compression fractures in increasingly older patients. These results suggest that even the very elderly may be appropriately considered for these procedures (level of evidence: 3).

Robotically assisted transcranial Doppler with artificial intelligence for assessment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Shooka Esmaeeli,Courtney M. Hrdlicka,Andres Brenes Bastos,Jeffrey Wang,Santiago Gomez-Paz,Khalid A. Hanafy,Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas,Christopher S. Ogilvy,Ajith J. Thomas,Shahzad Shaefi,Corey R. Fehn 대한신경집중치료학회 2020 대한신경집중치료학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Background: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound is an essential tool for the detection of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) but is limited by the availability of skilled operators. We examined the clinical feasibility and concordance of a robotically assisted TCD system with artificial intelligence with routine handheld TCD after SAH. Methods: We evaluated TCD velocities in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) of two patients with high-grade SAH and angiographic evidence of vasospasm. A single channel TCD device with a handheld diagnostic probe as well as a robotically assisted TCD device was used, the relationship of the two tests was evaluated using the bootstrap method of resampling for the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) paired with a Pearson’s correlation analysis, followed by a Bland-Altman plot. Results: Patient 1 developed angiographic and TCD evidence of vasospasm in the proximal right MCA, but except for periods of disorientation remained neurologically intact. Angiographic, TCD and clinical evidence of ACA spasm occurred 6 days after ictus in patient 2. Robotically measured mean flow velocities were comparable to manual TCDs in the MCAs (CCC=0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.96; P=0.001) but not in the ACAs (CCC=0.26; 95% CI, –0.01 to 0.71; P=0.26). Conclusion: Robotically assisted TCD system with artificial intelligence provides an alternative to manual TCD for assessment of MCA velocities in patients with SAH, expanding the availability of TCD to settings in which specialized clinicians are not available. Further studies for validation of this technology are warranted.

Decompression Surgery versus Interspinous Devices for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Tram Jennifer,Srinivas Shanmukha,Wali Arvin R.,Lewis Courtney S.,Pham Martin H. 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4

In this retrospective review study, the authors systematically reviewed the literature to elucidate the efficacy and complications associated with decompression and interspinous devices (ISDs) used in surgeries for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). LSS is a debilitating condition that affects the lumbar spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. However, a comprehensive report on the relative efficacy and complication rate of ISDs as they compare to traditional decompression procedures is currently lacking. The PubMed database was queried to identify clinical studies that exclusively investigated decompression, those that exclusively investigated ISDs, and those that compared decompression with ISDs. Only prospective cohort studies, case series, and randomized controlled trials that evaluated outcomes using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, or Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were included. A random-effects model was established to assess the difference between preoperative and the 1–2-year postoperative VAS scores between ISD surgery and lumbar decompression. This study included 40 papers that matched our criteria. Twenty-five decompression-exclusive clinical trials with 3,386 patients and a mean age of 68.7 years (range, 31–88 years) reported a 2.2% incidence rate of dural tears and a 2.6% incidence rate of postoperative infections. Eight ISD-exclusive clinical trials with 1,496 patients and a mean age of 65.1 (range, 19–89 years) reported a 5.3% incidence rate of postoperative leg pain and a 3.7% incidence rate of spinous process fractures. Seven studies that compared ISDs and decompression in 624 patients found a reoperation rate of 8.3% in ISD patients vs. 3.9% in decompression patients; they also reported dural tears in 0.32% of ISD patients vs. 5.2% in decompression patients. A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials found that the differences in preoperative and postoperative VAS scores between the two groups were not significant. Both decompression and ISD interventions are unique surgical interventions with different therapeutic efficacies and complications. The collected studies do not consistently demonstrate superiority of either procedure over the other but understanding the differences between the two techniques can help tailor treatment regimens for patients with LSS.

Group B Streptococcal Serine-Rich Repeat Proteins Promote Interaction With Fibrinogen and Vaginal Colonization

Wang, Nai-Yu,Patras, Kathryn A.,Seo, Ho Seong,Cavaco, Courtney K.,Rö,sler, Berenice,Neely, Melody N.,Sullam, Paul M.,Doran, Kelly S. Oxford University Press 2014 The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.210 No.6

<P>Group B streptococcus (GBS) can cause severe disease in susceptible hosts, including newborns, pregnant women, and the elderly. GBS serine-rich repeat (Srr) surface glycoproteins are important adhesins/invasins in multiple host tissues, including the vagina. However, exact molecular mechanisms contributing to their importance in colonization are unknown. We have recently determined that Srr proteins contain a fibrinogen-binding region (BR) and hypothesize that Srr-mediated fibrinogen binding may contribute to GBS cervicovaginal colonization. In this study, we observed that fibrinogen enhanced wild-type GBS attachment to cervical and vaginal epithelium, and that this was dependent on Srr1. Moreover, purified Srr1-BR peptide bound directly to host cells, and peptide administration in vivo reduced GBS recovery from the vaginal tract. Furthermore, a GBS mutant strain lacking only the Srr1 “latching” domain exhibited decreased adherence in vitro and decreased persistence in a mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization, suggesting the importance of Srr–fibrinogen interactions in the female reproductive tract.</P>