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Utility of Frailty Screening Tools in Older Surgical Patients
Alicia Wan Yan Poh,Shyh Poh Teo 대한노인병학회 2020 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.24 No.2
Frailty is a loss of functional reserve that compromises a person’s ability to cope with stressors such as surgery. Identifying and quantifying frailty may enable intensive rehabilitation interventions, caregiver support, or consideration of palliative care before surgery. This study describes the characteristics of five frailty screening tools, namely the Geriatric 8, Vulnerable Elders Survey-13, the Groningen Frailty Indicator, Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS), and Clinical Frailty Scale. We further propose an approach incorporating a frailty scale into preoperative assessment, wherein older patients undergoing elective general surgery are screened using EFS, and frail patients are offered comprehensive geriatric assessment. The expected outcome is an individualized patient-centered care plan that will reduce frailty and optimize the patient’s condition before surgery.
Poh Wai Chia,Fu Siong Julius Yong,Habsah Mohamad,Su-Yin Kan 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.10
In this manuscript, a simple and copper-free procedure for the synthesis of aryl nitrile derivatives from anilines is described. Under the improved protocol, the anilines were reacted with tert-butyl isocyanide under a mild reaction condition without the use of solvents and copper catalyst to synthesize benzonitriles. This copper-free Sandmeyer-type reaction could tolerate a range of anilines bearing different functional groups and also can be conducted even without the exclusion of air. In addition, this method has afforded the aryl nitriles in moderate to good yields (52?81%). The obtained results in this study reveal that the tert-butyl isocyanide as a potential cyanide source for the cyanation reaction.
Poh Guan Tan,Imi Sairi Ab. Hadi,Zalina Zahari,Maya Mazuwin Yahya,Wan Zainira Wan Zain,Michael Pak-Kai Wong,Rosnelifaizur Ramely,Mohd Nizam Md Hashim,Syed Hassan Syed Abd. Aziz,Zaidi Zakaria,Andee Dzul 대한외과학회 2020 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.98 No.1
Purpose: Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism are at high risk for developing postoperative hypocalcemia. However, there are limited data regarding predictors of postoperative hypocalcemia in renal failure patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study aimed to determine the clinical presentations of renal hyperparathyroidism and the predictors of early postoperative hypocalcemia after total parathyroidectomy. Methods: Data of patients with renal hyperparathyroidism who underwent total parathyroidectomy between January 2007 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 cohort groups according to their serum calcium levels within 24 hours of parathyroidectomy: the hypocalcemia group (calcium levels of 2 mmol/L or less), and the normocalcemia group (calcium levels more than 2 mmol/L). With the use of multivariable logistic regression analyses, the predictors of early postoperative hypocalcemia after total parathyroidectomy in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism were investigated. Results: Among 68 patients, 56 patients (82.4%) were symptomatic preoperatively. Fifty patients (73.5%) presented with bone pain and 14 patients (20.6%) had muscle weakness. Early postoperative hypocalcemia occurred in 25 patients (36.8%). Preoperative alkaline phosphatase level was the predictor of early postoperative hypocalcemia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.004; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.006; P = 0.002). Conclusion: Results from our study show that most of the patients with renal hyperparathyroidism were symptomatic preoperatively and the most common clinical presentations were bone pain and muscle weakness. The significant predictor of early postoperative hypocalcemia after total parathyroidectomy was the preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels.
Poh Yit Foo,Hui Shan Cheok,Thiago Coutinho Cavalcanti,Grace Lim Yik Shi,곽은아,Justyn Jaworski 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.6
Using a high temperature vaporizing spray approach to nanoparticle fabrication, we reveal a straightforward process for the formation of polyethyleneimine (PEI) scaffold based hydrogel nanoparticles. With PEI as the polymeric skeleton, we demonstrate the possibility for capture and release of small molecule, protein, nucleic acid, or colloidal cargo. Here, we provide evidence for use of the PEI nanoparticles as versatile nanocarriers. Moreover, we provide characterization of the nanoparticles produced by our inductive heat spraying approach along with determination of the loading capacity for the various cargos. We also observed the release profiles for a traceable small molecule in our proof of concept work. While linear chains or dendrimers of PEI are well-known to be cytotoxic, we revealed that our larger scale nanoparticles (which are in the range of 400-500 nm) have no noticeable cytotoxicity in vitro. With this initial work, we expect the intrinsic capabilities of the PEI nanoparticle scaffold demonstrated here in terms of molecular capture may possibly be utilized for effective nanocarriers upon future tuning of the nanoparticle size as to avoid any rapid clearance.
A Review of the Techniques, Current Status and Learning Curves of Laparoscopic Bile Duct Exploration
Poh Benjamin Ruimin,Tan Siong San,Lee Lip Seng,Chiow Adrian Kah Heng Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer 2017 Journal of digestive cancer reports Vol.5 No.1
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is of one the most common general surgical operations performed today. Concomitant choledocholithiasis occurs in roughly 10-20% of patients with symptomatic gallstones. Laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE) offers a single-stage minimally-invasive solution to the management of choledocholithiasis. LBDE may be performed either via the transcystic route or via laparoscopic choledochotomy. A number of strategies to improve success are available to the surgeon to help in the problem of complicated choledocholithiasis, these range from simple maneuvers to the use of laser or mechanical lithotriptors. With the advances in laparoscopic surgery, it is also possible to handle complex surgical conditions such as Mirizzi syndrome or recurrent pyogenic cholangitis laparoscopically, even though these have yet to be accepted as standard of care. Following laparoscopic choledochotomy, options for closure include: primary closure, closure over a T-tube, and closure over an endobiliary stent. T-tube placement has been associated with increased operating time and hospital length of stay compared to primary closure, with no significant differences in morbidity. Based on the available literature, LBDE appears comparable to ERCP with regards to procedural efficacy and morbidity. LBDE remains relevant to the general surgeon and is best viewed as being complementary to endoscopic therapy in the management of choledocholithiasis.
Mammary Paget’s Disease of the Nipple: Relatively Common but Still Unknown to Many
Poh Siang Ooi,Nani Draman,Siti Suhaila Mohd Yusoff,Wan Zainira Wan Zain,Dharmendra Ganasagaran,Hui Heng Chua 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.4
Mammary Paget’s disease is clinically defined as skin inflammation of the nipple area and is an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis of the nipple. The pathogenesis of mammary Paget’s disease is relatively unknown; nonetheless, there are two popular theories that support the underlying carcinoma and de novo carcinogenesis. For the attend-ing medical practitioner, mammary Paget’s disease poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, especially in the absence of a clinically palpable breast mass. We report a rare case of a 48-year-old Malay woman who presented at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia with the symptom of skin erosion on the left nipple and un-responsiveness to multiple topical treatments. A full evaluation and assessment of the patient were conducted, and mammary Paget’s disease was diagnosed.
Autonomous Control of Distributed Storages in Microgrids
Poh Chiang Loh,Frede Blaabjerg 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
Operation of distributed generators in microgrids has widely been discussed, but would not be fully autonomous, if distributed storages are not considered. Storages in general are important, since they provide energy buffering to load changes, energy leveling to source variations and ride-through enhancement to the overall microgrids. Recognizing their importance, this paper presents a scheme for sharing power among multiple distributed storages, in coordination with the distributed sources and loads. The scheme prompts the storages to autonomously sense for system conditions, requesting for maximum charging energy only when excess generation capacity is available. As generation capacity drops or demand increases, energy drawn by the storages decreases spontaneously, until full source capacity is near. At which point, the storages release their stored energy for meeting the extra load demand. The described process takes place in an automated manner with energy sharing always maintained among the storages. To verify the concepts discussed, simulation was performed with its results shown near to the end of the paper.