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James E. Platte 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2023 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.47 No.1
During the Cold War, US extended deterrence commitments mostly focused on deterring nuclear or strategic conventional attacks against allies in Europe and Asia. In the decades following the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the emergence of new technologies and domains for conflict, particularly the cyber domain, prompted new thinking for alliance management and extended deterrence. In this article I explore how the system of US bilateral alliances and informal strategic groupings in the Indo-Pacific affects the crafting of allied cyber deterrence strategies in the region. Based on deterrence and alliance theory, I survey cyber threats faced by US allies and partners in the region and views of cyber deterrence to form a general framework of allied cyber deterrence strategy. The US-South Korea alliance is used as a case study for allied cyber deterrence strategy, with a special focus on the impact that South Korea assuming wartime operational control of allied military forces could have on cyber deterrence on the Korean Peninsula. Just as concepts of extended deterrence had to evolve, the cyber domain will force the United States and allies to reconceptualize peacetime and wartime operational control.
Deterring Biological Warfare in the Indo-Pacific
James E. Platte 고려대학교 일민국제관계연구원 2022 국제관계연구 Vol.27 No.1
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities to threats posed by human pathogens in societies around the world, including in the United States and US partners in the Indo-Pacific region. Aiming to bring the pandemic to an end, the members of the Quad, Australia, India, Japan, and the United States, vowed to increase cooperation on COVID-19 vaccine access and bolster health security in the region. The Biden administration also emphasized reducing the risk of future biological catastrophes in its March 2021 Interim National Security Strategic Guidance. Considering this renewed emphasis on health security, this paper will examine how deterrence concepts can be applied to reduce the risk of biological warfare to the United States and partner countries in the Indo-Pacific. As part of this broader question, this paper will analyze whether new strategic coalitions, namely the Quad, can use deterrence collectively to strengthen health security, and it will focus on deterring potential biological warfare threats posed by two state actors: China and North Korea. This paper will review existing literature on deterring biological warfare, current strategic thinking on health security and deterring biological warfare, and then project that thinking to the emerging biological warfare threat environment.
Newly discovered breast cancer susceptibility loci on 3p24 and 17q23.2
Ahmed, Shahana,Thomas, Gilles,Ghoussaini, Maya,Healey, Catherine S,Humphreys, Manjeet K,Platte, Radka,Morrison, Jonathan,Maranian, Melanie,Pooley, Karen A,Luben, Robert,Eccles, Diana,Evans, D Gareth,F Nature Publishing Group 2009 Nature genetics Vol.41 No.5
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified seven breast cancer susceptibility loci, but these explain only a small fraction of the familial risk of the disease. Five of these loci were identified through a two-stage GWAS involving 390 familial cases and 364 controls in the first stage, and 3,990 cases and 3,916 controls in the second stage. To identify additional loci, we tested over 800 promising associations from this GWAS in a further two stages involving 37,012 cases and 40,069 controls from 33 studies in the CGEMS collaboration and Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We found strong evidence for additional susceptibility loci on 3p (rs4973768: per-allele OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.08–1.13, P = 4.1 × 10<SUP>−23</SUP>) and 17q (rs6504950: per-allele OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.97, P = 1.4 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). Potential causative genes include SLC4A7 and NEK10 on 3p and COX11 on 17q.
Explorations of Evidence-based Policymaking (EBPM) for Reconciling Science and Policy
Kyounglim Lee,Jim Platts,Tim Minshall 과학기술정책연구원 2015 STI Policy Review Vol.6 No.2
This study explores how to reconcile science and policy in the wind energy sector by providing a conceptual framework for better understanding evidence-based policymaking (EBPM). Regarding this framework, the core issue is to discover how knowledge is formed over time, and which factors affect this knowledge formation. Comparative cases of wind industry emergence in Spain and Britain are examined. This analysis shows that knowledge formation initially starts in the scientific arena in parallel with its formation in the practical, and is followed by political knowledge formation near the beginning of commercial projects. Regarding knowledge formation, three more comparisons are made between wind industry emergence in Spain and Britain: the different approaches to R&D projects, the different adoptions of supporting measures, and the different ways of coping with public opposition. The factors affecting the comparisons are mainly perceptions of energy supply, nuclear power, environment and science and technology. Communication and unfamiliarity are likely to affect the comparisons in EBPM.
Smart Grid-The next Generation Electricity Grid with Power Flow Optimization and High Power Quality
Hu, Jiefeng,Zhu, Jianguo,Platt, Glenn Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2012 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.1 No.4
As the demand for electric power increases rapidly and the amount of fossil fuels decreases year by year, making use of renewable resources seem very necessary. However, due to the discontinuous nature of renewable resources and the hierarchical topology of existing grids, power quality and grid stability will deteriorate as more and more distributed generations (DGs) are connected to the grids. It is a good idea to combine local utilization, local consumption, energy storage and DGs to form a grid-friendly micro grid, these micro grids can then assembled into an intelligent power system - the smart Grid. It can optimize power flow and integrate power generation and consumption effectively. Most importantly, the power quality and grid stability can be improved greatly. This paper depicts how the smart grid addresses the current issues of a power system. It also figures out the key technologies and expectations of the smart grid.