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Ji, Ho-Chul,Lee, J. H.,Kim, Hoon,Park, Paul K. J.,Chung, Y. C. The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.3
<P>We analyze the effect of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) on the performance of the polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) signals in direct-detection systems. We present the theoretical analysis of the sensitivity penalty caused by PDL-induced coherent crosstalk and compare the results with experimental data obtained by using a simple variable PDL emulator based on a LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulator. Also presented is the performance degradation caused by the polarization misalignment between the received signals and the polarization beam splitter at the receiver in the presence of PDL.</P>
Liu, Bin,Ho, Hsiang-Ting,Brunello, Lucia,Unudurthi, Sathya D.,Lou, Qing,Belevych, Andriy E.,Qian, Lan,Kim, Do Han,Cho, Chunghee,Janssen, Paul M. L.,Hund, Thomas J.,Knollmann, Bjorn C.,Kranias, Evangel Oxford University Press 2015 Cardiovascular research Vol.108 No.2
<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>Cardiac calsequestrin (CASQ2) and histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) are sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-binding proteins that regulate SR Ca release in mammalian heart. Deletion of either CASQ2 or HRC results in relatively mild phenotypes characterized by preserved cardiac structure and function, although CASQ2 knockout (KO), or Cnull, shows increased arrhythmia burden under conditions of catecholaminergic stress. We hypothesized that given the apparent overlap of functions of CASQ2 and HRC, simultaneous ablation of both would deteriorate the cardiac phenotype compared with the single knockouts.</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>In contrast to this expectation, double knockout (DKO) mice lacking both CASQ2 and HRC exhibited normal cardiac ejection fraction and ultrastructure. Moreover, the predisposition to catecholamine-dependent arrhythmia that characterizes the Cnull phenotype was alleviated in the DKO mice. At the myocyte level, DKO mice displayed Ca transients of normal amplitude; additionally, the frequency of spontaneous Ca waves and sparks in the presence of isoproterenol were decreased markedly compared with Cnull. Furthermore, restitution of SR Ca release was slowed in DKO myocytes compared with Cnull cells.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our results suggest that rather than being functionally redundant, CASQ2 and HRC modulate cardiac ryanodine receptor-mediated (RyR2) Ca release in an opposing manner. In particular, while CASQ2 stabilizes RyR2 rendering it refractory in the diastolic phase, HRC enhances RyR2 activity facilitating RyR2 recovery from refractoriness.</P>
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM PROCESSING IN THE INNER 20 pc IN GALACTIC CENTER
Liu, Hauyu Baobab,Ho, Paul T. P.,Wright, Melvyn C. H.,Su, Yu-Nung,Hsieh, Pei-Ying,Sun, Ai-Lei,Kim, Sungsoo S.,Minh, Young Chol IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.770 No.1
<P>We present the Submillimeter Array 157 pointing mosaic in 0.86 mm dust continuum emission with 5 ''.1 x 4 ''.2 angular resolution, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory Green Bank 100 m Telescope (GBT) observations of the CS/(CS)-S-34/(CS)-C-13 1-0 and SiO 1-0 emission with <= 20 '' x 18 '' angular resolution. The dust continuum image marginally resolves at least several tens of 10-10(2) M-circle dot dense clumps in the 5' field including the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the exterior gas streamers. There is very good agreement between the high resolution dust continuum map of the CND and all previous molecular line observations. As the dust emission is the most reliable optically thin tracer of the mass, free from most chemical and excitation effects, we demonstrate the reality of the abundant localized structures within the CND, and their connection to external gas structures. From the spectral line data, the velocity dispersions of the dense clumps and their parent molecular clouds are similar to 10-20 times higher than their virial velocity dispersions. This supports the idea that the CND and its immediate environment may not be stationary or stable structures. Some of the dense gas clumps are associated with 22 GHz water masers and 36.2 GHz and 44.1 GHz CH3OH masers. However, we do not find clumps that are bound by the gravity of the enclosed molecular gas. Hence, the CH3OH or H2O maser emission may be due to strong (proto) stellar feedback, which may be dispersing some of the gas clumps.</P>
Nanowire active-matrix circuitry for low-voltage macroscale artificial skin
Takei, Kuniharu,Takahashi, Toshitake,Ho, Johnny C.,Ko, Hyunhyub,Gillies, Andrew G.,Leu, Paul W.,Fearing, Ronald S.,Javey, Ali Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.9 No.10
Large-scale integration of high-performance electronic components on mechanically flexible substrates may enable new applications in electronics, sensing and energy. Over the past several years, tremendous progress in the printing and transfer of single-crystalline, inorganic micro- and nanostructures on plastic substrates has been achieved through various process schemes. For instance, contact printing of parallel arrays of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has been explored as a versatile route to enable fabrication of high-performance, bendable transistors and sensors. However, truly macroscale integration of ordered NW circuitry has not yet been demonstrated, with the largest-scale active systems being of the order of 1??cm<SUP>2</SUP> (refs?11,15). This limitation is in part due to assembly- and processing-related obstacles, although larger-scale integration has been demonstrated for randomly oriented NWs (ref.?16). Driven by this challenge, here we demonstrate macroscale (7?7??cm<SUP>2</SUP>) integration of parallel NW arrays as the active-matrix backplane of a flexible pressure-sensor array (18?19?pixels). The integrated sensor array effectively functions as an artificial electronic skin, capable of monitoring applied pressure profiles with high spatial resolution. The active-matrix circuitry operates at a low operating voltage of less than 5??V and exhibits superb mechanical robustness and reliability, without performance degradation on bending to small radii of curvature (2.5??mm) for over 2,000 bending cycles. This work presents the largest integration of ordered NW-array active components, and demonstrates a model platform for future integration of nanomaterials for practical applications.
Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in regulating PDH activation during acute muscle contraction
Herbst, Eric A.F.,Dunford, Emily C.E.,Harris, Robert A.,Vandenboom, Rene,LeBlanc, Paul J.,Roy, Brian D.,Jeoung, Nam Ho,Peters, Sandra J. Canadian Science Publishing 2012 APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM Vol.37 No.1
<P> The oxidation of carbohydrates in mammals is regulated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which is covalently regulated by four PDH kinases (PDK1-4) and two PDH phosphatases (PDP1-2) unique to the PDH complex. To investigate the role that PDK4 plays in regulating PDH activation (PDHa) during muscle contraction, mouse extensor digitorum muscle was removed from wild type (WT) and PDK4-knockout (PDK4-KO) mice after a 24 h fast and stimulated for 3 min either at 10 Hz (low-intensity contraction), 40 Hz (moderate-intensity contraction), or allowed to rest. Force was recorded and muscle PDHa activity and metabolite concentrations were measured. PDHa activity was ∼2.5-fold higher at rest in PDK4-KO mice than WT mice (P = 0.009) and ∼2-fold higher in PDK4-KO mice at both 10 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001) and 40 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001). Force relative to muscle weight was similar at 10 Hz, but was 5.8 ± 0.7 mN·g<SUP>-1</SUP> in PDK4-KO mice and 3.5 ± 0.7 mN·g<SUP>-1</SUP> in WT mice at 40 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001), with a similar rate of fatigue in both genotypes. From these results it was concluded that PDK4 plays a role in reducing PDHa activity during low to moderate-intensity muscle stimulation, and that absence of PDK4 and the subsequent changes in carbohydrate utilization may alter force production. </P>
Sagar N Kaushik,Jessica Scoffield,Adinarayana Andukuri,Grant C Alexander,Taneidra Walker,김석곤,최성철,Brigitta C Brott,Paul D Eleazer,이진용,Hui Wu,Noel K Childers,Ho-Wook Jun,박재홍,Kyounga Cheon 한국생체재료학회 2015 생체재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2
Background: A triple antibiotic mixture (ciprofloxacin; CF, metronidazole; MN, and minocycline; MC) has been used for dental root canal medicaments in pulp regeneration therapy. However, tooth discolorations, cervical root fractures, and inadequate pulp-dentin formation have been reported due to the triple antibiotic regimen. Therefore, an antibiotic encapsulated biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed to minimize the clinical limitations and maximize a natural healing process in root canal infections. In this study, minimal bacterial concentrations (MBC) of the selected antibiotics (CF and MN) were tested in 14 representative endodontic bacterial species. Then MBC of each CF and MN were separately encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel to evaluate antibacterial level on Enterococcus faecalis and Treponema denticola. Results: Antibiotic concentrations lower than 0.2 μg/mL of CF and MN demonstrated antibacterial activity on the 14 endodontic species. Furthermore, 6 different concentrations of CF and MN separately encapsulated with the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial activity on Enterococcus faecalis and Treponema denticola at the lowest tested concentration of 0.0625 μg/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that each CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial effects, which could be effective for the root canal disinfection while eliminating MC. In the long term, the antibiotic encapsulated injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel can provide a multifunctional antibiotic delivery method with potential root regeneration. Further studies are currently underway to evaluate the effects of combined CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel on clinical samples.
Fluorescent Realgar Quantum Dots: New Life for an Old Drug
J. Z. Wu,G. Chen,Y. B. Shao,J. Liu,Y. C. Sun,H. S. Lin,Paul C. Ho 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.1
"Quantum dots (QDs) possess unique properties that are expected for various applications. Herein, realgar (As4S4) QDs were synthesized via a wet chemical method in a coordinating solvent (e.g., ethanolamine (EA)) with assistance of an acid (e.g., citric acid (CA)). The asprepared realgar QDs using EA and CA have a narrow size distribution with a mean value of 5.48 nm and a relative standard deviation of 20%, and exhibit bright photoluminescence (PL) in a short wavelength window (< 480 nm) with high quantum yield up to 70%. Moreover, realgar QDs can retain their high PL after one-year storage, indicating their excellent stability. Bulk realgar is a commonly used traditional medicine, however, its water-insolubility limits its broad applications. Realgar QDs could be an alternative for the bulk realgar owing to their excellent water-solubility and efficient PL. In preliminary in vivo toxic and pharmaceutical experiments, the synthesized realgar QDs at a single oral dose of 10.0 mg realgar/kg body weight for 21 days showed tolerability in healthy mice and effective against tumor-bearing nude mice, respectively. In this study, assembly of realgar QDs into specific hollow nanospheres was first constructed by introducing an acid into their original colloidal solution. Simple dissolution of such assemblies in EA can partially return them into the fluorescent QDs. Such property is desired for a variety of media-responsive luminescence materials. In addition, a flexible inorganic/organic hybrid composite film was fabricated for the first time by incorporation of realgar QDs into polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The resulting film presents excellent PL, good transparency, intense mechanical strength and facile processibility, which meet the requirements for device integration. "