The Cell Viability on Kelp and Fir Biochar and the Effect on the Field Cultivation of Corn

Patrick Boakye,Chul Woo Lee,Won Mook Lee,Seung Han Woo 한국청정기술학회 2016 청정기술 Vol.22 No.1

Controllable Synthesis of Stereoregular Polyesters by Organocatalytic Alternating Copolymerizations of Cyclohexene Oxide and Norbornene Anhydrides

Han, Bing,Zhang, Li,Liu, Binyuan,Dong, Xiaofang,Kim, Il,Duan, Zhongyu,Theato, Patrick American Chemical Society 2015 Macromolecules Vol.48 No.11

<P>A facile strategy has been demonstrated for the selective synthesis of highly stereoregular polyesters with <I>cis</I>-2,3-(<I>exo</I>,<I> exo</I>) or <I>trans</I>-2,3-(<I>exo</I>,<I> endo</I>) repeating units by the organocatalysts mediated alternating copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and norbornene anhydride (NA) stereoisomers. The geometrical structure of polyester can be tuned simply by modulating the type of NA isomers (<I>endo</I>- or <I>exo</I>-NA), monomer feed ratio, and reaction temperature. The <I>cis</I>- (>99%) and <I>trans</I>-polyesters (>99%) exhibit high glass transition temperature up to 129.8 and 115.9 °C, respectively. The resulting polyesters provide a versatile platform to incorporate various functional groups through the robust thiol–ene reaction of the pendant norbornenyl groups.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2015/mamobx.2015.48.issue-11/acs.macromol.5b00555/production/images/medium/ma-2015-00555x_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma5b00555'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Readability assessment of commonly used urological questionnaires

Patrick Betschart,Dominik Abt,Hans-Peter Schmid,Pascal Viktorin,Janine Langenauer,Valentin Zumstein 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.5

Purpose: This study was performed to assess readability of the most commonly used questionnaires in urology including a separate analysis of their single-items to identify questions that might be especially demanding for patients. Materials and Methods: The guidelines of the European Association of Urology were screened for recommended questionnaires. Readability was analyzed for complete questionnaires as well as their single-items separately using well established readability assessment tools, including Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook grade level (SMOG), Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), Gunning-Fog Index, and the Flesch Reading Ease formula. Results: A total of 13 questionnaires were included to the analysis. Calculation of grade levels (FKGL, SMOG, CLI, FGI) showed readability scores of 2.7th to 16.7th grade. Easiest readability as calculated by median grade levels was found for the short form of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms short form (FLUTS-SF) while the short form of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) showed the hardest readability. Based on the FKGL between 0% (FLUTS-SF) and 80% (IIEF-5) of the single-items were written above the recommended grade levels. Conclusions: The questionnaires that are used most frequently in urology mainly show a satisfactory overall readability. Inadequate readability levels were not only found for individual questionnaires but also for single-items of the majority of assessed questionnaires. This requires consideration for the interpretation of results and when developing novel health-related surveys.

Effect of water washing pretreatment on property and adsorption capacity of macroalgae-derived biochar

Boakye, Patrick,Tran, Hai Nguyen,Lee, Dae Sung,Woo, Seung Han Elsevier 2019 Journal of environmental management Vol.233 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of water washing pretreatment process on the property and adsorption capacity of biochar were investigated at different biochar/water ratios from 1:5 to 1:100 (w/v). <I>Saccharina japonica</I> macroalgae-derived biochars (B300, B450, and B600) were prepared at 300 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. The optimal biochar/water ratio was obtained at 1:10. The results indicated that the washing pretreatment can contribute to dramatically increasing the specific surface area of biochars, but slightly increasing their porosity. The washed biochars were carbonaceous microporous materials (67–80% micropore volume), with their specific surface area and porosity being B600 (543 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g and 86%), B450 (521 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g and 75%), and B300 (188 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g and 80%), respectively. The unwashed biochars exhibited a significantly higher ash content (59%–65%) than washed biochars (26%–35%). Equilibrium adsorption study demonstrated that the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (<I>Q</I> <SUP>o</SUP> <SUB>max</SUB>) of crystal violet cationic dye decreased in the following order: unwashed-B450 (1719 mg/g) > washed-B450 (1277 mg/g) > commercial activated carbon (492 mg/g). The washing pretreatment can remove solute-inorganic minerals to prevent their release from biochar during the dye adsorption. The washed biochar with its excellent adsorption capacity can serve as a highly sustainable and industrially viable adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from waste bodies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar from <I>Saccharina japonica</I>-derived sulfated macroalgae at 300, 450, and 600 °C. </LI> <LI> Washing pretreatment on biochar's property and cationic dye adsorption capacity. </LI> <LI> <I>S</I> <SUB>BET</SUB>-biosorbent (0.03–0.21); chars: unwashed (1.36–266), washed (188–543); CAC (688). </LI> <LI> Langmuir <I>Q</I> <SUP>o</SUP> <SUB>max</SUB>: CAC < biosorbent < washed biochars < unwashed biochars. </LI> <LI> Washing pretreatment prevents minerals release from chars during dye adsorption. </LI> </UL> </P>

Co-word Analysis of Open-End Answers from Chinese Internet Users

J. Patrick Biddix,Han Woo Park(朴漢雨),Ting Wang 동아인문학회 2009 동아인문학 Vol.16 No.-

이 논문은 한국에 거주하는 중국인 유학생을 대상으로 인터넷 이용 현황을 조사하여 동시단어 네트워크 기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 중국 학생들이 한국 소재 대학교에서 수업 과제를 비롯한 여러 학습 과정에서 인터넷 매체를 어떻게 활용하는지를 개방형 문항으로 질문하였다. 개방형 설문에 대한 응답자들의 결과는 중국어 내용분석 소프트웨어를 통하여 분석되었다. 동시단어 네트워크 분석은 피설문자의 응답에 포함되어 있는 단어를 추출한 후, 각 주요어 별 출현빈도를 산출하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 답변 내용을 집락으로 분류하는데 큰 장점이 있다. 분석결과는 번역 이후 네트워크 소프트웨어를 사용하여 시각화되었다. 연구결과에 따르면, 중국 유학생들은 본국에서 가장 유명한 포털인 바이두(Baidu)와 한국의 네이버를 동시에 사용하고 있었다. 이것은 한국어 능력이 부족한 유학생의 인터넷을 활용한 이중(dual) 전략을 보여준다. 나아가 이 논문은 방법론적 측면에서 동시단어 기법이 질적 연구와 복합적으로 활용되어, 개방형 설문자료의 분석에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 구체적인 사례를 보여주었다. 그렇지만 이 논문에서 사용된 동시단어 방법론은 한계 또한 존재한다. 개방형 질문의 응답결과에 내재된 특정한 패턴에 미친 영향을 찾고 분석결과를 유용하게 쓰기 위해서 연구자의 질적 평가가 병행될 필요가 있다.

Extraction of inorganic materials from fresh and dried alga <i>Saccharina japonica</i>

Boakye, Patrick,Sewu, Divine D.,Woo, Hee Chul,Choi, Jae Hyung,Lee, Chul Woo,Woo, Seung Han Elsevier 2017 Journal of environmental chemical engineering Vol.5 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Extraction of minerals from fresh and dried macroalgae kelp (<I>Saccharina japonica</I>) was investigated to get better biomass resource for biorefinery. At a solid to liquid ratio of 1:6 (w/v), 2h extraction, and 30°C, inorganic extraction efficiency (<I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I>) and total efficiency (<I>E<SUB>tot</SUB> </I>) using water were respectively 76.88 and 50.82% for fresh biomass while those of dried biomass were 72.99 and 65.79%. For fresh biomass extraction using ethanol, <I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I> (74.19%) and <I>E<SUB>tot</SUB> </I> (42.21%) were much higher than for dried biomass with 7.29% <I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I> and 1.21% <I>E<SUB>tot</SUB> </I>. With 10% ethanol, <I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I> were similar for both materials, however, higher ratio of inorganic to organic extraction efficiency (<I>r<SUB>E</SUB> </I>) (5.48) were obtained for fresh biomass compared to lower <I>r<SUB>E</SUB> </I> (2.02) for dried biomass. The <I>r<SUB>E</SUB> </I> for fresh biomass was higher (13.80) than that for dried biomass (1.32) using water at 1:4 solid to liquid ratio, suggesting that fresh kelp is better feedstock for bioenergy production.</P>

A genome-wide screen of genes involved in cadmium tolerance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Kennedy, Patrick J,Vashisht, Ajay A,Hoe, Kwang-Lae,Kim, Dong-Uk,Park, Han-Oh,Hayles, Jacqueline,Russell, Paul Academic Press 2008 TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.106 No.1

<P>Cadmium is a worldwide environmental toxicant responsible for a range of human diseases including cancer. Cellular injury from cadmium is minimized by stress-responsive detoxification mechanisms. We explored the genetic requirements for cadmium tolerance by individually screening mutants from the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) haploid deletion collection for inhibited growth on agar growth media containing cadmium. Cadmium-sensitive mutants were further tested for sensitivity to oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) and osmotic stress (potassium chloride). Of 2649 mutants screened, 237 were sensitive to cadmium, of which 168 were cadmium specific. Most were previously unknown to be involved in cadmium tolerance. The 237 genes represent a number of pathways including sulfate assimilation, phytochelatin synthesis and transport, ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) biosynthesis, stress signaling, cell wall biosynthesis and cell morphology, gene expression and chromatin remodeling, vacuole function, and intracellular transport of macromolecules. The ubiquinone biosynthesis mutants are acutely sensitive to cadmium but only mildly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, indicating that Coenzyme Q10 plays a larger role in cadmium tolerance than just as an antioxidant. These and several other mutants turn yellow when exposed to cadmium, suggesting cadmium sulfide accumulation. This phenotype can potentially be used as a biomarker for cadmium. There is remarkably little overlap with a comparable screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid deletion collection, indicating that the two distantly related yeasts utilize significantly different strategies for coping with cadmium stress. These strategies and their relation to cadmium detoxification in humans are discussed.</P>

1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one inhibits neurite outgrowth and causes neurite retraction in PC12 cells independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase

Lee, Han Gil,Kim, So Young,Kim, Du Sik,Seo, Su Ryeon,Lee, Syng-Ill,Shin, Dong Min,De Smet, Patrick,Seo, Jeong Taeg Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.87 No.1

<P>The effect of the potent soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) on neurite outgrowth and retraction was investigated in PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. ODQ inhibited neurite outgrowth and triggered neurite retraction in the cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF), staurosporine, or Y-27632. The nitric oxide (NO) scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) had little effect on neurite outgrowth induced by Y-27632 or staurosporine. In the presence of ODQ, treatment of the cells with the cell-permeable cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP failed to retrigger Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, the depletion of sGC by RNA interference failed to prevent Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth. These results indicate that the NO/sGC/cGMP signaling cascade is not critically involved in ODQ-induced neurite remodeling. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 did not inhibit neurite outgrowth, and Y-27632 and staurosporine did not induce ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ODQ on neurite outgrowth is independent of the ERK signaling pathway. In contrast, pretreatment with dithionite or a hemin-glutathione mixture reversed the inhibitory effect of ODQ on Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth, indicating that ODQ might act on an intracellular redox-sensitive molecule. We conclude that ODQ inhibits Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth and triggers neurite retraction in an sGC-independent manner in neuronal cells and suggest that oxidation of unidentified redox-sensitive protein could be responsible for these effects. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

ABSTRACTS ; Rapamycin induces p70s6k inactivation by dephosphorylation of an essential site within a novel hydrophobic motif

Jeung Whan Han,Hyang Woo Lee,Richard B . Pearson,Patrick B . Dennis,Sara C . Kozma,George Thomas 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 1995 추계학술대회집 Vol.- No.-

Thermal Hall effect of spins in a paramagnet

Lee, Hyunyong,Han, Jung Hoon,Lee, Patrick A. American Physical Society 2015 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.91 No.12