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Reduction of Surface Roughness in Epitaxially Grown Germanium by Controlled Thermal Oxidation
Woo-Shik Jung,Ju Hyung Nam,Pal, Ashish,Jae Hyung Lee,Yeul Na,Youngsik Kim,Jin Hyung Lee,Saraswat, Krishna C. IEEE 2015 IEEE electron device letters Vol.36 No.4
<P>Obtaining a smooth substrate with surface roughness of 2 Å is essential for semiconductor device fabrication. In this letter, we characterize the effect of thermal oxidation of epitaxially grown Ge on its surface roughness. First, the effect of oxidation on root-mean-square roughness is investigated for epi-Ge surface that is bombarded with phosphorous ions. Next, the effect of oxidation is investigated with the presence of low thermal oxide layer on the epi-Ge. Finally, examination of the effect of temperature on surface roughness for capped epi-Ge is conducted. By making the Ge oxidation diffusion limited, surface roughness can be reduced to ~2 Å.</P>
4-Hydroxynonenal Induces Endothelial Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Depolarization
Dae Yeon Kang(강대연),Ji Young Lee(이지영),Min-Sun Kim(김민선),Chul Hong Kim(김철홍),Hyung Keun Kim(김형근),Sun Mi Lee(이선미),Young Mi Kwon(권영미),Jaewon Lee(이재원),Hyung Suk Baik(백형석),Byung Pal Yu(유병팔),Hae Young Chung(정해 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.11
4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)는 세포내 레독스의 균형을 깨뜨려 혈관 기능 손상을 일으킨다. 본 연구자들은 HNE의 축적이 야기하는 혈관 기능 손상기전을 더 잘 이해하기 위하여 혈관 내피 세포의 미토콘드리아 세포사 메커니즘을 규명하였다. HNE를 처리한 세포에서는 미토콘드리아 막전위 소실과 그에 따른 cytochrome C의 방출이 유도되었으며, Bax의 증가 및 Bcl-2의 감소가 관찰되었다. ROS 제거제인 NAC와 peroxynitrite 제거제인 페니실라민은 HNE가 유도하는 ROS 생성을 차단하여 cytochrome C 방출과 세포사를 억제하였다. 세포에 HNE와 zVAD-fmk(caspase 저해제)를 같이 처리하면 HNE가 유도하는 세포사를 억제하지 못하는데 이는 HNE에 의한 세포사가 caspase에 비의존적 단계일 가능성을 시사하였다. 위의 결과들은 HNE가 유도하는 혈관 내피 세포의 세포사 매커니즘은 미토콘드리아 막전위의 탈분극에 의해 촉발되며 이는 혈관계 항상성의 악화와 노화에 의해 수반되는 혈관 기능 손상을 유도할 것으로 사료된다. The 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) affects vascular dysfunctions probably through the interruption of the cellular redox balance. To better understand vascular abnormalities resulting from the accumulation of HNE, we delineated mechanism by which mitochondrial apoptosis occurs in the YPEN-1 endothelial cells. HNE treatment led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (δΨm), resulting in the release of cytochrome c. Data showed decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax protein levels in HNE-treated cells. NAC, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and penicillamine, the peroxynitrite scavenger, blocked HNE-mediated ROS generation, thereby thwarting the cytochrome c release and apoptosis. The treatment of the cells with zVAD-fmk, a broad range caspase inhibitor did not suppress HNE-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the apoptosis might be the possibility of caspase-independent process. Our findings delineate the underlying mechanism of the HNE induced endothelial apoptosis by triggering depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential that can lead to the deterioration of vasculature homeostasis and subsequent vascular dysfunction with aging.
Xpert MTB/RIF Assay as a Substitute for Smear Microscopy in an Intermediate-Burden Setting
Lee, Hyun-Seung,Kee, Seung-Jung,Shin, Ju-Hyeon,Kwon, Yong-Soo,Chun, Sejong,Lee, Jun Hyung,Won, Eun Jeong,Choi, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Soo Hyun,Shin, Myung-Geun,Shin, Jong-Hee,Suh, Soon-Pal American Thoracic Society 2019 American journal of respiratory and critical care Vol.199 No.6
Statistical Analysis of Surgical Dog-Ear Regression
LEE, KYUNG SUK,KIM, NAM GYUN,JANG, PAL YOUNG,SUH, EUY-HOON,KIM, JUN SIK,LEE, SANG-IL,KANG, DAWON,HAN, KIHWAN,SON, DAEGU,KIM, JUN HYUNG,CHOI, TAE HYUN Blackwell Publishing Inc 2008 Dermatologic surgery Vol.34 No.8
<P>BACKGROUND</P><P>Several methods have been developed to prevent or correct dog-ears. Most of these methods, however, result in prolonged scars and operative times.</P><P>OBJECTIVE</P><P>We observed dog-ears without correction to examine the regression of dog-ears with time.</P><P>METHODS</P><P>The study was performed on 43 cases of dog-ears in 26 patients. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between various factors and the height of the dog-ears (%). We produced a regression equation to allow prediction of the height of the dog-ears (%). In addition, we estimated the initial height of the dog-ears that should be removed during surgery.</P><P>RESULTS</P><P>The height of dog-ears regressed with time, and this response was better in younger and female patients. It was predicted that the time taken for a dog-ear to reduce to 50% of its original height was 20.697 days; the median time at which dog-ears completely regressed was 132 days. The odds of regression of dog-ears with an initial height of ≤8 mm was 4.667 times greater than that of larger dog-ears.</P><P>CONCLUSIONS</P><P>If the height of a dog-ear is ≤8 mm, we recommend observation rather than immediate surgical removal.</P>
Digital Image Simulation of Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) on KOMPSAT-1
Shim, Hyung Sik,Yong, Sang Soon,Heo, Haeng Pal,Lee, Seung Hoon,Oh, Kyoung Hwan,Paik, Hong Yul 대한원격탐사학회 1999 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.15 No.1
Electro-Optical Camera (EOC) is the main payload of the KOMPSAT-I satellite to perform the mission of cartography that builds up a digital map of Korean territory including a digital terrain elevation map. This paper discusses the issues of the digital image simulation of EOC for the generation of EOC simulated scene as taken by EOC at 685km altitude on orbit. For the purpose, simulation work has been performed with the sensor models of EOC and the satellite platform motions models through image chain analysis from the illumination source (Sun) to a simulated image output in digital number. MODTRAN for radiance calculation, MTF models of optics, detector and motions of EOC for system point spread function (PSF), and signal chain equations for digital number output are described. Several noise models of EOC are also considered. The final output is the EOC simulated image in digital number. The simulation technique can be used in several phase of a spaceborne electro-optical system development project, feasibility study phase, design, manufacturing, test phases, ground image processing phases, and so on.
Wang, Ting,Lee, Hyun Joo,Tosh, Dilip K.,Kim, Hea Ok,Pal, Shantanu,Choi, Sun,Lee, Yoonji,Moon, Hyung Ryong,Zhao, Long Xuan,Lee, Kang Man,Jeong, Lak Shin 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.18
5'-Deoxy-5'-ureidoadenosine was designed and synthesized as a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase(SAH), in which 5'-ureido group as multiple hydrogen bonding donor in binding with active site residues of SAH in the molecular modeling study.
Reaction Intermediate of Organic Sulfur Compound Ⅰ. Elimination Mechanism of Sulfonyl Chloride
Tae-Seop Uhn,Jong-Pal Lee,Hyun-Seok Park,Hyung-Tae Kim,Zoon-Ha Ryu Korean Chemical Society 1990 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.11 No.1
The reactions of alkanesulfonyl chlorides with pyridines in the presence of various solvents have been studied by means of kinetic method. Alkanesulfonyl chlorides bearing ${\alpha}$-hydrogen with the normal attack of pyridine is found to be at the ${\alpha}$-hydrogen with elimination to form the sulfene intermediate evidently. From the mass spectra by the reaction of ethanesulfonyl chloride with 3-picoline in the presence of methanol-$d_1$, it has shown that the reaction has a witness favorable to the slulfene intermediate.
Jeong, Lak Shin,Shantanu Pal,Choe, Seung Ah,Choi, Won Jun,Kenneth A. Jacobson,Zhan-Guo Gao,Athena M. Klutz,Xiyan Hou,Kim, Hea Ok,Lee, Hyuk Woo,Lee, Sang Kook,Dilip K. Tosh,Moon, Hyung Ryong 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2009 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.19
Novel D- and L-4´-thioadenosine derivatives lacking the 4´-hydroxymethyl moiety were synthesized, starting from D-mannose and D-gulonic γ-lactone, respectively, as potent and selective species-independent A₃ adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists. Among the novel 4´-truncated 2-H nucleosides tested, a N^(6)-(3-chlorobenzyl) derivative 7c was the most potent at the human A₃ AR (K_(i) = 1.5 nM), but a N^(6)-(3-bromobenzyl) derivative 7d showed the optimal species-independent binding affinity.
The Communication Satellite Transponder Testing by EGSE System
Jin-Ho Jo,Seong Pal Lee,Hyung Je Woo 통신위성ㆍ우주산업연구회 2007 한국위성정보통신학회논문지 Vol.2 No.2
EGSE is used to check out satellite payload during the development prior to launch. The EGSE represented in this paper is a test system for Ka band communication transponder of COMS. The EGSE consist of two subsystems as CTS subsystem and PCTS subsystem. Communication Test subsystem (CTS) performs satellite transponder RF performance testing, data analysis and trending. Most of transponder RF performances are automatically tested by the CTS subsystem. Power, Command & Telemetry subsystem (PCTS) monitor telemetry messages from the transponder and send tele-commands to satellite transponder for the configuration change. PCTS also provide simulated S/C power to the transponder during the ground validation testing. The EGSE test functions are verified by the transponder simulator testing and will be used for the flight model transponders testing.