Antioxidant, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activity of Frozen Fruits

Patricia D.S. Spada,Gabrielle Gianna Nunes de Souza,Giovana Vera Bortolini,Joao A.P. Henriques,Mirian Salvador 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

Many studies have focused on the effect of fresh fruits on the risk of developing cancer and other diseases in-volved with reactive species and free radicals. The intake of frozen fruits has spread widely in the last years, but, until now,their biological activity is not completely known. In this study, 23 samples of frozen fruits were analyzed for their nutritionalcomposition, total polyphenols, total carotenoids, and vitamin C content. Antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenic effectswere also evaluated. Antioxidant assays included 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH.) scavenging activity and de-termination of superoxide dismutase (SOD)- and catalase (CAT)-like activities. Mutagenic and antimutagenic evaluations wereperformed in eukaryotic cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Most samples (74%) showed antioxidant activity similar tovitamin C in the DPPH.assay, and this activity was positively correlated (r. 0.366; P. .01) with carotenoid contents. Allsamples showed CAT-like activity. SOD-like activity was detected in 56% of samples assayed. Only four fruits (acai, cashewapple, kiwi fruit, and strawberry) showed mutagenic activity when tested in high (5%, 10%, and 15% [wt/vol]) concentra-tions. Twelve samples presented antimutagenic effects against hydrogen peroxide, and this effect was positively correlatedwith CAT-like activity (r. 0.400; P. .01). Evaluation of polyphenols, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid showed considerablelevels of these compounds in frozen fruits, even after freezing. These data suggest that frozen fruits contribute to the pre-vention of biological damages.

Analysis of the shelf life of chitosan stored in different types of packaging, using colorimetry and dentin microhardness

Antonio Miranda da Cruz-Filho,Angelo Rafael de Vito Bordin,Luis Eduardo Souza-Flamini,Débora Fernandes da Costa Guedes,Paulo César Saquy,Ricardo Gariba Silva,Jesus Djalma Pécora 대한치과보존학회 2017 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.42 No.2

Objectives: Chitosan has been widely investigated and used. However, the literature does not refer to the shelf life of this solution. This study evaluated, through the colorimetric titration technique and an analysis of dentin micro-hardness, the shelf life of 0.2% chitosan solution. Materials and Methods: Thirty human canines were sectioned, and specimens were obtained from the second and third slices, from cemento-enamel junction to the apex. A 0.2% chitosan solution was prepared and distributed in 3 identical glass bottles (v1, v2, and v3) and 3 plastic bottles (p1, p2, and p3). At 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days, the specimens were immersed in each solution for 5 minutes (n = 3 each). The chelating effect of the solution was assessed by micro-hardness and colorimetric analysis of the dentin specimens. 17% EDTA and distilled water were used as controls. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison (α = 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference among the solutions with respect to the study time (p = 0.113) and micro-hardness/time interaction (p = 0.329). Chitosan solutions and EDTA reduced the micro-hardness in a similar manner and differed significantly from the control group (p < 0.001). Chitosan solutions chelated calcium ions throughout the entire experiment. Conclusions: Regardless of the storage form, chitosan demonstrates a chelating property for a minimum period of 6 months.

Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

Pâmela Letícia dos Santos,Rafael Scaf de Molon,Thallita Pereira Queiroz,Roberta Okamoto,Ana Paula de Souza Faloni,Jéssica Lemos Gulinelli,Eloá Rodrigues Luvizuto,Idelmo Rangel Garcia Junior 대한치주과학회 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential periimplant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant (4.1 mm × 8.5 mm) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss® (BI), and Bio-Oss® Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response (61.00±15.28 Ncm) than CO (31.60±14.38 Ncm) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

Heat-resistant luminescent films: a thermal study of fluorene/thiophene copolymer-elastomer blends

Agnaldo G. N. de Souza,Yasmin B. da Silva,Rebeca R. Rodrigues,Alessandra S. Menandro,Laura O. Péres 한국고분자학회 2024 Macromolecular Research Vol.32 No.8

The luminescent properties of conjugated copolymers could be harmed due to thermo-oxidative degradation, limiting their applications. To overcome these problems, incorporating flexible and stable polymers, such as elastomers, is a simple and advantageous approach to obtaining luminescent, flexible, and thermo-resistant films. Thin films based on blends of a luminescent thiophene/fluorene copolymer (PTPF) and two elastomers, nitrile rubber (NBR) and natural rubber (NR) were prepared by a straightforward method, and thermal degradation tests were carried out at different temperatures. Oxidized structures in the PTPF chains can be observed using FTIR, and up to 330 °C for NR and to 395 °C for NBR, no significant changes were observable, however, over these temperatures, the blends also lost their luminescent properties. The characterization of the films at increasing degradation stages points to possible mechanisms associated with the degradation processes suggesting a strategy to guarantee incremented thermal protection to the conjugated material, maintaining its structural and optical properties at higher temperatures than ambient temperature, making these flexible-luminescent films interesting for applications in which the thermal resistance is a key factor to consider.

Influence of motor impairment on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease

Hélcio Kanegusuku,Raphael M. Ritti-Dias,Pâmela Yuki Igarasi Barbosa,Erica Tardelli das Neves Guelfi,Erika Okamoto,Camila Souza Miranda,Tatiana de Paula Oliveira,Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte 한국운동재활학회 2021 JER Vol.17 No.4

Deposition of hybrid structures of reduced graphene oxide and tin dioxide thin films, and persistent photoconductivity observation

de Oliveira Letícia da S.,Fonseca Lucas P.,de Souza Renato D.,Bueno Cristina de F.,Martins Lucas M.,Scalvi Luis V.A. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.41 No.-

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is deposited on glass substrate by dripping and sol-gel-coating methods giving rise to nanostructures. When in combination with thin films of SnO2, they form a heterostructure SnO2:2 at% Eu/ rGO, which alters the surface electrical conductivity. SnO2 and rGO were also combined as a composite, with conductivity strongly affected by ultraviolet excitation, and shows persistent photoconductivity (PPC) phenomenon even very close to room temperature. Both sort o hybrid structures can be applied in electronic devices. The SnO2 films are deposited via chemical route by sol-gel or by a mixed technique that combines powders generated by drying the sol-gel solution with resistive evaporation of this powder. Resistivity measured as a function of temperature show that the SnO2:2 at%Eu sample behaves very similarly to the SnO2:2 at%Eu/rGO heterostructure sample, with the same energy level for the dominant defect, 172 meV, coincident with ionization of oxygen vacancies. Despite not changing the position of this level, the presence of rGO on the surface of the SnO2 film induces a decrease in conductivity in vacuum, demonstrating the surface interaction.

Background model for the NaI(Tl) crystals in COSINE-100

Adhikari, P.,Adhikari, G.,Souza, E. Barbosa de,Carlin, N.,Choi, S.,Choi, W. Q.,Djamal, M.,Ezeribe, A. C.,Ha, C.,Hahn, I. S.,Hubbard, A. J. F.,Jeon, E. J.,Jo, J. H.,Joo, H. W.,Kang, W. G.,Kauer, M.,Kan Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018 European Physical Journal C Vol.78 No.6

<P>The COSINE-100 dark matter search experiment is an array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors located in the Yangyang Underground Laboratory (Y2L). To understand measured backgrounds in the NaI(Tl) crystals we have performed Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit and developed background models for each crystal that consider contributions from both internal and external sources, including cosmogenic nuclides. The background models are based on comparisons of measurement data with Monte Carlo simulations that are guided by a campaign of material assays and are used to evaluate backgrounds and identify their sources. The average background level for the six crystals (70 kg total mass) that are studied is 3.5 counts/day/keV/kg in the (2–6) keV energy interval. The dominant contributors in this energy region are found to be [FORMULA OMISSION]Pb and [FORMULA OMISSION]H.</P>

Single-particle characterization of aerosols collected at a remote site in the Amazonian rainforest and an urban site in Manaus, Brazil

Wu, Li,Li, Xue,Kim, HyeKyeong,Geng, Hong,Godoi, Ricardo H. M.,Barbosa, Cybelli G. G.,Godoi, Ana F. L.,Yamamoto, Carlos I.,de Souza, Rodrigo A. F.,Pö,hlker, Christopher,Andreae, Meinrat O.,Ro, Chul Copernicus GmbH 2019 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.19 No.2

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> <span id='page1222'/>In this study, aerosol samples collected at a remote site in the Amazonian rainforest and an urban site in Manaus, Brazil, were investigated on a single-particle basis using a quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA). A total of 23 aerosol samples were collected in four size ranges (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.0, and 2.0-4.0<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>µ</span>m) during the wet season in 2012 at two Amazon basin sites: 10 samples in Manaus, an urban area; and 13 samples at an 80<span class='thinspace'></span>m high tower, located at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) site in the middle of the rainforest, 150<span class='thinspace'></span>km northeast of Manaus. The aerosol particles were classified into nine particle types based on the morphology on the secondary electron images (SEIs) together with the elemental concentrations of 3162 individual particles: (i) secondary organic aerosols (SOA); (ii) ammonium sulfate (AS); (iii) SOA and AS mixtures; (iv) aged mineral dust; (v) reacted sea salts; (vi) primary biological aerosol (PBA); (vii) carbon-rich or elemental carbon (EC) particles, such as soot, tarball, and char; (viii) fly ash; and (ix) heavy metal (HM, such as Fe, Zn, Ni, and Ti)-containing particles. In submicron aerosols collected at the ATTO site, SOA and AS mixture particles were predominant (50<span class='thinspace'></span>%-94<span class='thinspace'></span>% in relative abundance) with SOA and ammonium sulfate comprising 73<span class='thinspace'></span>%-100<span class='thinspace'></span>%. In supermicron aerosols at the ATTO site, aged mineral dust and sea salts (37<span class='thinspace'></span>%-70<span class='thinspace'></span>%) as well as SOA and ammonium sulfate (28<span class='thinspace'></span>%-58<span class='thinspace'></span>%) were abundant. PBAs were observed abundantly in the PM<span class='inline-formula'>₂₋₄</span> fraction (46<span class='thinspace'></span>%), and EC and fly ash particles were absent in all size fractions. The analysis of a bulk PM<span class='inline-formula'>_0.25−0.5</span> aerosol sample from the ATTO site using Raman microspectrometry and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed that ammonium sulfate, organics, and minerals are the major chemical species, which is consistent with the ED-EPMA results. In the submicron aerosols collected in Manaus, either SOA and ammonium sulfate (17<span class='thinspace'></span>%-80<span class='thinspace'></span>%) or EC particles (6<span class='thinspace'></span>%-78<span class='thinspace'></span>%) were dominant depending on the samples. In contrast, aged mineral dust, reacted sea salt, PBA, SOA, ammonium sulfate, and EC particles comprised most of the supermicron aerosols collected in Manaus. The SOA, ammonium sulfate, and PBAs were mostly of a biogenic origin from the rainforest, whereas the EC and HM-containing particles were of an anthropogenic origin. Based on the different contents of SOA, ammonium sulfate, and EC particles among the samples collected in Manaus, a considerable influence of the rainforest over the city was observed. Aged mineral dust and reacted sea-salt particles, including mineral dust mixed with sea salts probably during long-range transatlantic transport, were abundant in the supermicron fractions at both sites. Among the aged mineral dust and reacted sea-salt particles, sulfate-containing ones outnumbered those containing nitrates and sulfate<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>+</span><span class='thinspace'></span>nitrate in the ATTO samples. In contrast, particles containing sulfate<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>+</span><span class='thinspace'></span>nitrate were comparable in number to particles containing sulfate only in the Manaus samples, indicating

Morphological Investigations on the Epithelium and Subepithelial Connective Tissue of the Human Paranasal Sinus Mucosa

C. Matthias,P. de Souza,H. J Merker 대한비과학회 1997 Journal of rhinology Vol.4 No.2

The morphology of the mucosa from the human paranasal sinuses was investigated by electron microscopy and immunofluorescencemicroscopy. A total of 27 specimens was taken from 11 patients following midfacial fractures. All tissue sampleswere biopsied during surgery after given informed consent. In accordance with light microscopic investigations, the mucosarepresented a highly prismatic epithelium consisting of kinocilia-carrying and mucus-producing (goblet) cells similar to the respiratoryepithelium of other areas. Peculiar findings in the electron microscopic and immunomorphological investigationsrevealed collagen type VII beneath the lamina densa of the basal lamina. To date, this collagen type has only been described toaccompany a multilayered epithelium. Another observation was the small number of basophils and eosinophils. Pronouncedacute reactions of the mucosa in this area cannot be expected, which is in contrast, to that of the nasal mucosa.

Identification and Characterization of a Class III Chitin Synthase Gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the Fungus That Causes Witches' Broom Disease of Cacao

Catiane S. Souza,Bruno M. Oliveira,Gustavo G. L. Costa,Albert Schriefer,Alessandra Selbach-Schnadelbach,Ana Paula T. Uetanabaro,Carlos P. Pirovani,Gonçalo A. G. Pereira,Alex G. Taranto,Júlio Cézar de 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.4

Chitin synthase (CHS) is a glucosyltransferase that converts UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, one of the main components of fungal cell wall. Class III chitin synthases act directly in the formation of the cell wall. They catalyze the conversion of the immediate precursor of chitin and are responsible for the majority of chitin synthesis in fungi. As such, they are highly specific molecular targets for drugs that can inhibit the growth and development of fungal pathogens. In this work, we have identified and characterized a chitin synthase gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa (Mopchs) by primer walking. The complete gene sequence is 3,443 bp, interrupted by 13 small introns, and comprises a cDNA with an ORF with 2,739 bp, whose terminal region was experimentally determined, encoding a protein with 913 aa that harbors all the motifs and domains typically found in class III chitin synthases. This is the first report on the characterization of a chitin synthase gene, its mature transcription product, and its putative protein in basidioma and secondary mycelium stages of M. perniciosa, a basidiomycotan fungus that causes witches’ broom disease of cacao.