Final overall survival analysis for the phase II RECORD-3 study of first-line everolimus followed by sunitinib versus first-line sunitinib followed by everolimus in metastatic RCC

Knox, J. J.,Barrios, C. H.,Kim, T. M.,Cosgriff, T.,Srimuninnimit, V.,Pittman, K.,Sabbatini, R.,Rha, S. Y.,Flaig, T. W.,Page, R. D.,Beck, J. T.,Cheung, F.,Yadav, S.,Patel, P.,Geoffrois, L.,Niolat, J.,B Oxford University Press 2017 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.28 No.6

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>RECORD-3 compared everolimus and sunitinib as first-line therapy, and the sequence of everolimus followed by sunitinib at progression compared with the opposite (standard) sequence in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This final overall survival (OS) analysis evaluated mature data for secondary end points.</P><P><B>Patients and methods</B></P><P>Patients received either first-line everolimus followed by second-line sunitinib at progression (<I>n = </I>238) or first-line sunitinib followed by second-line everolimus (<I>n = </I>233). Secondary end points were combined first- and second-line progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and safety. The impacts of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and baseline levels of soluble biomarkers on OS were explored.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>At final analysis, median duration of exposure was 5.6 months for everolimus and 8.3 months for sunitinib. Median combined PFS was 21.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1–26.7] with everolimus-sunitinib and 22.2 months (95% CI 16.0–29.8) with sunitinib-everolimus [hazard ratio (HR)<SUB>EVE-SUN/SUN-EVE</SUB>, 1.2; 95% CI 0.9–1.6]. Median OS was 22.4 months (95% CI 18.6–33.3) for everolimus-sunitinib and 29.5 months (95% CI 22.8–33.1) for sunitinib-everolimus (HR<SUB>EVE-SUN/SUN-EVE</SUB>, 1.1; 95% CI 0.9–1.4). The rates of grade 3 and 4 adverse events suspected to be related to second-line therapy were 47% with everolimus and 57% with sunitinib. Higher NLR and 12 soluble biomarker levels were identified as prognostic markers for poor OS with the association being largely independent of treatment sequences.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Results of this final OS analysis support the sequence of sunitinib followed by everolimus at progression in patients with mRCC. The safety profiles of everolimus and sunitinib were consistent with those previously reported, and there were no unexpected safety signals.</P><P><B>Clinical Trials number</B></P><P>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00903175</P>

Entrainment Characteristics of Nonuniform Unimodal and Bimodal Sediments

P. L. Patel,P. D. Porey,A. D. Ghare,Shaileshkumar B. Patel 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.13 No.3

Experimental data, obtained from previous investigations, on Critical Tractive Stress (CTS) of nonuniform, unimodal and bimodal sediments, have been reported. Existing relationships on CTS of nonuniform sediments have been verified for their performance for nonuniform bimodal sediments. Method base on geometric mean size for computation of CTS of nonuniform sediments has been modified to make it applicable for both unimodal and bimodal sediments. Further, the predictor of dimensionless CTS of scaling size has been proposed with available data. Modified method along with dimensionless CTS of scaling size can be used to predict CTS of a particular size fraction in unimodal and bimodal sediment mixtures. Experimental data, obtained from previous investigations, on Critical Tractive Stress (CTS) of nonuniform, unimodal and bimodal sediments, have been reported. Existing relationships on CTS of nonuniform sediments have been verified for their performance for nonuniform bimodal sediments. Method base on geometric mean size for computation of CTS of nonuniform sediments has been modified to make it applicable for both unimodal and bimodal sediments. Further, the predictor of dimensionless CTS of scaling size has been proposed with available data. Modified method along with dimensionless CTS of scaling size can be used to predict CTS of a particular size fraction in unimodal and bimodal sediment mixtures.

Multi-Secondary Transformer: A Modeling Technique for Simulation - II

Patel, A.,Singh, N.P.,Gupta, L.N.,Raval, B.,Oza, K.,Thakar, A.,Parmar, D.,Dhola, H.,Dave, R.,Gupta, V.,Gajjar, S.,Patel, P.J.,Baruah, U.K. Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2014 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.3 No.1

Power Transformers with more than one secondary winding are not uncommon in industrial applications. But new classes of applications where very large number of independent secondaries are used are becoming popular in controlled converters for medium and high voltage applications. Cascade H-bridge medium voltage drives and Pulse Step Modulation (PSM) based high voltage power supplies are such applications. Regulated high voltage power supplies (Fig. 1) with 35-100 kV, 5-10 MW output range with very fast dynamics (${\mu}S$ order) uses such transformers. Such power supplies are widely used in fusion research. Here series connection of isolated voltage sources with conventional switching semiconductor devices is achieved by large number of separate transformers or by single unit of multi-secondary transformer. Naturally, a transformer having numbers of secondary windings (~40) on single core is the preferred solution due to space and cost considerations. For design and simulation analysis of such a power supply, the model of a multi-secondary transformer poses special problem to any circuit analysis software as many simulation softwares provide transformer models with limited number (3-6) of secondary windings. Multi-Secondary transformer models with 3 different schemes are available. A comparison of test results from a practical Multi-secondary transformer with a simulation model using magnetic component is found to describe the behavior closer to observed test results. Earlier models assumed magnetising inductance in a linear loss less core model although in actual it is saturable core made-up of CRGO steel laminations. This article discusses a more detailed representation of flux coupled magnetic model with saturable core properties to simulate actual transformers very close to its observed parameters in test and actual usage.

Development of a 60 Hz Power Standard Using SNS Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards

Burroughs, C.J.,Benz, S.P.,Dresselhaus, P.D.,Waltrip, B.C.,Nelson, T.L.,Yonuk Chong,Williams, J.M.,Henderson, D.,Patel, P.,Palafox, L.,Behr, R. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measureme Vol.56 No.2

<P>We are implementing a new standard for 60 Hz power measurements based on precision sinusoidal reference voltages from two independent programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS): one for voltage and one for current. The National Institute of Standards and Technology PJVS systems use series arrays of Josephson junctions to produce accurate quantum-based DC voltages. Using stepwise-approximation synthesis, the PJVS systems produce sinewaves with precisely calculable RMS voltage and spectral content. We present measurements and calculations that elucidate the sources of error in the RMS voltage that are intrinsic to the digital-synthesis technique and that are due to the finite rise times and transients that occur when switching between the discrete voltages. Our goal is to reduce all error sources and uncertainty contributions from the PJVS synthesized waveforms to a few parts in 10 <SUP>7</SUP> so that the overall uncertainty in the AC-power standard is a few parts in 10<SUP>6</SUP></P>

Performance of Weaner Lambs on Conventional Feeds or Supplemented with Mango Seed Kernel (Mangifera indica) and Babul Pods Chuni (Acacia nilotica) under Intensive Production System

L.H.Saiyed,S.Parnerkar,K.N.Wadhwani,P.R.Pandya,A.M.Patel 아세아·태평양축산학회 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.10

Spectral tomographic analysis of Bremsstrahlung X-rays generated in a laser-produced plasma

Rhee, Y.J.,Nam, S.M.,Peebles, J.,Sawada, H.,Wei, M.,Vaisseau, X.,Sasaki, T.,Giuffrida, L.,Hulin, S.,Vauzour, B.,Santos, J.J.,Batani, D.,McLean, H.S.,Patel, P.K.,Li, Y.T.,Yuan, D.W.,Zhang, K.,Zhong, J. Cambridge University Press 2016 Laser and particle beams Vol.34 No.4

<B>Abstract</B><P>A new approach is proposed to analyze Bremsstrahlung X-rays that are emitted from laser-produced plasmas (LPP) and are measured by a stack type spectrometer. This new method is based on a spectral tomographic reconstruction concept with the variational principle for optimization, without referring to the electron energy distribution of a plasma. This approach is applied to the analysis of some experimental data obtained at a few major laser facilities to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Slope temperatures of X-rays from LPP are determined with a two-temperature model, showing different spectral characteristics of X-rays depending on laser properties used in the experiments.</P>

Long-term global water projections using six socioeconomic scenarios in an integrated assessment modeling framework

Hejazi, M.,Edmonds, J.,Clarke, L.,Kyle, P.,Davies, E.,Chaturvedi, V.,Wise, M.,Patel, P.,Eom, J.,Calvin, K.,Moss, R.,Kim, S. American Elsevier 2014 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.81 No.-

In this paper, we assess future water demands for the agricultural (irrigation and livestock), energy (electricity generation, primary energy production and processing), industrial (manufacturing and mining), and municipal sectors, by incorporating water demands into a technologically-detailed global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, and climate change - the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). Base-year water demands - both gross withdrawals and net consumptive use - are assigned to specific modeled activities in a way that maximizes consistency between bottom-up estimates of water demand intensities of specific technologies and practices, and top-down regional and sectoral estimates of water use. The energy, industrial, and municipal sectors are represented in fourteen geopolitical regions, with the agricultural sector further disaggregated into as many as eighteen agro-ecological zones (AEZs) within each region. We assess future water demands representing six socioeconomic scenarios, with no constraints imposed by future water supplies. The scenarios observe increases in global water withdrawals from 3710km<SUP>3</SUP>year<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2005 to 6195-8690km<SUP>3</SUP>year<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2050, and to 4869-12,693km<SUP>3</SUP>year<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2095. Comparing the projected total regional water withdrawals to the historical supply of renewable freshwater, the Middle East exhibits the highest levels of water scarcity throughout the century, followed by India; water scarcity increases over time in both of these regions. In contrast, water scarcity improves in some regions with large base-year electric sector withdrawals, such as the USA and Canada, due to capital stock turnover and the almost complete phase-out of once-through flow cooling systems. The scenarios indicate that: 1) water is likely a limiting factor in meeting future water demands, 2) many regions can be expected to increase reliance on non-renewable groundwater, water reuse, and desalinated water, but they also highlight an important role for development and deployment of water conservation technologies and practices.

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall Indices and their Teleconnections with El Niño-Southern Oscillation for Tapi Basin, India

Gehlot Lalit Kumar,Jibhakate Shubham M.,Sharma Priyank J.,Patel P. L.,Timbadiya P. V. 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.1

The long-term spatio-temporal variability in twelve rainfall indices across Tapi basin are investigated for period 1944–2013. The temporal trends in aforesaid indices, representing magnitude, intensity, frequency and duration of rainfall, are analysed using nonparametric tests. The total annual rainfall exhibit uniformly increasing trends over Lower Tapi basin (LTB), while heterogeneous trends are observed across Upper (UTB) and Middle (MTB) Tapi basins. The rainy days portrays decreasing trends at 75% stations in the basin, while rainfall intensity displays increasing trends across LTB and UTB. On other hand, LTB and Purna sub-catchment (in UTB) show coherent increasing trends in extreme rainfall, while decreasing trends are observed over Burhanpur sub-catchment (in UTB) and MTB. A considerable increase in duration of dry spells is reported at 92.5% stations in the basin, indicating a marked shift towards drier climatic regime. Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is carried out to address the space-time variability of rainfall indices. The results of PCA were adopted in cluster analysis to identify the stations exhibiting similar characteristic variations in rainfall trends. The hydroclimatic teleconnections between rainfall indices and large-scale oceanic-atmospheric circulations of the tropical Pacific Ocean (viz., El Niño-Southern Oscillation) revealed the prevalence of wet conditions in the basin during moderate to strong La-Niña, while dry conditions were encountered during moderate to strong El-Niño and weak La-Niña events. The spatial estimates of rainfall indices are derived corresponding to 2-, 10- and 50-year return periods which would be helpful in hydrologic design and risk assessment of rainfall-induced disasters in near future.

Diffusion of low-carbon technologies and the feasibility of long-term climate targets

Iyer, G.,Hultman, N.,Eom, J.,McJeon, H.,Patel, P.,Clarke, L. American Elsevier 2015 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.90 No.1

Stabilizing the global climate will require large-scale global deployment of low-carbon technologies. Even in the presence of aggressive climate policies, however, the diffusion of such technologies may be limited by several institutional, behavioral, and social factors. In this paper, we review the literature on the sources of such diffusion constraints, and explore the potential implications of such constraints based on the GCAM integrated assessment model. Our analysis highlights that factors that limit technology deployment may have sizeable impacts on the feasibility and mitigation costs of achieving stringent stabilization targets. And such impacts are greatly amplified with major delays in serious climate policies. The results generally indicate that constraints on the expansions of CCS and renewables are more costly than those on nuclear or bioenergy, and jointly constraining these technologies leaves some scenarios infeasible.