From “employed work” to “associated work” in a diverse society: a challenge of social enterprise in creating a new paradigm of community development learning through works with multi-stakeholders

Kendo Otaka 서울대학교 교육연구소 2017 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.18 No.2

The central aim of this article is to explore the role of social enterprises in relation to providing a space for dialogical learning amongst people with different backgrounds and cultures, and hence with different perceptions towards community development practice. The case studies are based on the experiences of the Japan Workers’ Co-operative. The study aims to explore mutual-learning processes amongst multi-stakeholders, including a recent attempt to work together with the socially disadvantaged. Through the analysis of ‘associated work’ with multi-stakeholders in the local community, the focus is particularly on its challenging attempts to create various co-working circumstances amongst worker-members, clients, and the local community to raise a sense of community consciousness, thereby implying the potential of dialogical community learning as central to the holistic community development practice with a more collective and socially subjective nature.

Endocytosis of poly(ethylene sodium phosphate) by macrophages and the effect of polymer length on cellular uptake

Akihisa Otaka,Yasuhiko Iwasaki 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.75 No.-

Phosphorus-containing polymers are taking a growing interest as a bio-applicable material. Anionic poly(phosphodiester) is one type of phosphorus-containing polymer and has a similar backbone structure toteichoic acid (TA), which makes up the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we synthesized acopolymer of ethylene sodium phosphate and butynyl phosphate (P(EP Na/BYP)), which mimics TA and,thus, should be taken up by macrophages by the same mechanism as bacterial cells. In-vitro studiesshowed that RAW 264.7 mammalian macrophages exhibited higher uptake of P(EP Na/BYP) than L929mammalianfibroblasts. Further, the uptake of P(EP Na/BYP) by macrophages decreased in the presence ofdextran sulfate; this implies that the scavenger receptor contributes to endocytosis of P(EP Na/BYP). Invitrostudies on P(EP Na/BYP) with different lengths (38, 85, and 127 phosphate residues) showed that P(EP Na/BYP) with 127 phosphate residues led to the highest intracellular transportation and the leastgene expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α. These results demonstrate that water-soluble poly(phosphodiester)can be used as a modifier to deliver medical drugs to macrophages.

The Approach to the Green Buildings in the 21st Century - Passive Architecture and Task HVAC Systems

카주히로오타카(Otaka Kazuhiro) 대한설비공학회 2001 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

일본에서는 1950년대 후반 오피스 건물의 증가와 함께 건물에 공조시스템과 형광등이 보급되기 시작하였고 이로 인해 건물에서의 에너지 소비량이 현저하게 증가되었다. 1970년대 중반 ‘오일 쇼크’의 발생 이후 HVAC와 관련된 에너지 절약 기술들이 급속하게 진보되어 왔다. 1990년대에 들어 이산화탄소 과다 배출로 인한 지구온난화 문제가 부각되어 에너지 절약의 문제는 세계적으로 초미의 관심사가 되었다. 1990년 일본에서 조사된 건설 관련 부문별 CO₂ 방출량 조사에 의하면 전체 방출량의 약 36 %정도가 건물에서의 에너지 소비로 인해 방출된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 저자는 인공적인 환경이 적용된 현재의 건축을 “자연형 건축(Passive Architecture)”으로 변화시키는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다. 자연형 건축은 자연에너지를 공학적으로 조절하여 활용하자는 것이다. 일례로 일본 효고(Hyogo)의 한 보건시설에는 온도감지 센서에 의해 자동으로 개폐되는 환기창을 설치하였으며 그 결과 전년도 같은 달 에너지 소비량의 2/3를 절감시켰다. 오사카에 위치한 대형 스포츠 홀의 경우 건물 전체를 지하에 건설하여 온화하고 안정적인 내부 기후를 유지하도록 하였으며 천장 기류조절기를 이용하여 서쪽의 오사카 만으로부터 불어오는 바람의 항력에 의해 경기장의 바람을 밖으로 끌어내며 외기는 지하의 "cool tunnel"을 통해 유입하는 자연환기를 활용하도록 설계되었다. 건축 적으로 공조부하를 최소화시키고 최소한의 기계적 장치들을 필요한 요소에만 적용시키자는 국부 공조시스템(Task HVAC)은 에너지 절약 성능이 우수하여 이미 대형 공간의 공조에서 많이 적용되어 왔다. 그 예로 오사카 스포츠 홀에 적용한 좌석 취출 공조를 들 수 있다. 오피스 빌딩에도 ‘task-ambient air conditioning system’으로 지칭되는 유사한 시스템을 적용할 수 있다. 국부공조 시스템은 센서를 통해 재실자의 유무를 감지하여 선별적으로 작동하며, 전반공조 시스템은 전체 실온이 적정한 범위 내에서 유지되도록 온도를 조절하는 방법이다. 여기에 자연환기의 활용이 가능하다면, 시스템 효용성은 더욱 높아지게 된다. 21세기에는 건축물을 자연에 대한 개폐형의 건축으로 바꾸어야 하며 인공적 에너지를 더욱 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서 필요한 공간을 선별적으로 공조할 수 있는 국부 공조시스템(task HVAC)을 채택해야 한다. 저자는 이러한 유형의 건물을 Green Building의 하나로 간주한다.

Personality Traits Do Not Have Influence on Glycemic Control in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Norio Yasui-Furukori,Hiroshi Murakami,Hideyuki Otaka,Jutaro Tanabe,Miyuki Yanagimachi,Masaya Murabayashi,Koki Matsumura,Yuki Matsuhashi,Hirofumi Nakayama 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.1

Objective: Glycemic control varies based on lifestyle factors and stress coping mechanisms, which are influenced by personality. The psychological factors associated with glycemic control have not yet been established in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The relationship between a 5-factor model of personality and glycemic control was evaluated in individuals with T2DM. Methods: The subjects were 503 Japanese outpatients with T2DM. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, depressive status, insomnia and personality traits were assessed. Lifestyle factors of the patients, such as habitual alcohol consumption and smoking, were also included in the analyses. ResultsBecause the influence of insulin therapy on HbA1c is so strong, we stratified the patients according to : insulin use. Simple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between HbA1c and neuroticism in patients who did not use insulin. After adjustment for confounders, multiple regression analyses revealed that none of the personality factors, including neuroticism, were found to be associated with HbA1c. Conclusion: These findings suggest that personality traits do not have a large impact on glycemic control. Further studies are required to confirm the relationships between psychological factors and glycemic control using a longitudinal study design.

Wireless Performance and Mobile Fronthaul Bandwidth of Uplink Joint Reception with LLR Combining in Split-PHY Processing

Kenji Miyamoto,Naotaka Shibata,Shigeru Kuwano,Jun Terada,Akihiro Otaka 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.6

In this paper, we evaluate the wireless uplink performanceand the mobile fronthaul (MFH) bandwidth of split-physicallayer (PHY) processing (SPP), which is a base station (BS) functionalsplit scheme used to link baseband units (BBUs) and remoteradio heads (RRHs) in a centralized/cloud - radio access network(C-RAN). SPP enables MFH bandwidth reduction by splittingthe BS functions between channel coding/decoding and modulation/demodulation within the PHY layer functions. SPP alsoenables high coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and receptionperformance by employing uplink joint reception (JR) withlog likelihood ratio (LLR) combining. Link level simulation resultsshow that SPP with LLR combining achieves a block error rate(BLER) performance of 10% with a signal to noise ratio (SNR)penalty of less than 1 dB compared with that of conventional CRAN,which centralizes PHY layer functions in BBU. In addition,SPP has an SNR gain of more than 3 dB over medium access control(MAC)-PHY split, which splits the BS functions between theMAC and PHY layer functions. System level simulation resultsshow that SPP with LLR combining improves the cell-edge userthroughput by more than 33% over MAC-PHY split with selectioncombining and reduces the MFH bandwidth by 91% when comparedwith conventional C-RAN. Moreover, link and system levelsimulation results above are also observed when the channel estimationis non-ideal.

Photo-triggered fluorescent labelling of recombinant proteins in live cells

Jung, Deokho,Sato, Kohei,Min, Kyoungmi,Shigenaga, Akira,Jung, Juyeon,Otaka, Akira,Kwon, Youngeun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Chemical communications Vol.51 No.47

<P>A method to photo-chemically trigger fluorescent labelling of proteins in live cells is developed. The approach is based on photo-caged split-intein mediated conditional protein trans-splicing reaction and enabled background-free fluorescent labelling of target proteins with the necessary spatiotemporal control.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A method to photo-chemically trigger fluorescent labelling of proteins in live cells is developed for background-free fluorescent labelling of target proteins with the necessary spatiotemporal control. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cc01067e'> </P>

Photo-modulation of split-intein mediated protein trans-splicing reactions

Suin Chae,Kohei Satoh,Deokho Jung,Kyoungmi Min,Akira Otaka,Youngeun Kwon 한국생물공학회 2011 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Study of Winding Method to Reduce Stray Loss and Stator Core Vibration of Synchronous Machine

Hiramatsu, Daisuke,Sutrisna, Kadek Fendy,Ishizuka, Hiroaki,Okubo, Masashi,Tsujikawa, Kazuma,Ueda, Takashi,Hachiya, Hideyuki,Mori, Junji,Aso, Toshiyuki,Otaka, Toru Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.3

The fractional slot windings are widely used in rotating machine in order to increase the flexibility of design and improve the voltage waveform. However, the MMF wave of fractional-slot windings are found to contain unique harmonic component, which are designated as even order space flux harmonics, fractional number flux harmonics, or both. They may cause stray loss and stator core vibration. This paper proposes new winding methods "novel interspersed windings" and "expanded group windings" to reduce these harmonics. The advantages of two proposed windings are verified by using numerical analysis and measurement test of winding model.

A Single Bout of Constant-Load Exercise Test for Estimating the Time Constant of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Individuals With Stroke

Kazuaki Oyake,Yasuto Baba,Yuki Suda,Jun Murayama,Ayumi Mochida,Yuki Ito,Honoka Abe,Kunitsugu Kondo,Yohei Otaka,Kimito Momose 대한재활의학회 2021 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.45 No.4

Objective To examine the relationship between the time constant of oxygen uptake kinetics during the onset of exercise (τVO2) estimated from a single exercise bout and that obtained from three averaged exercise bouts in individuals with stroke. Methods Twenty participants with stroke performed three bouts of a constant-load pedaling exercise at approximately 80% of the workload corresponding to the ventilatory threshold to estimate τVO2. The VO2 data from the first trial of three bouts were used to estimate τVO2 for a single bout. Additionally, data collected from three bouts were ensemble-averaged to obtain τVO2 for three averaged bouts as the criterion. Results There was a very high correlation between τVO2 for a single bout (34.8±14.0 seconds) and τVO2 for three averaged bouts (38.5±13.4 seconds) (r=0.926, p<0.001). However, τVO2 for a single bout was smaller than that for three averaged bouts (p=0.006). Conclusion τVO2 for a single bout could reflect the relative difference in τVO2 for three averaged bouts among individuals with stroke. However, it should be noted that τVO2 for a single bout may be underestimated compared to τVO2 for three averaged bouts.