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教科書に組み込まれた自己評価の実施に関する一考察 - 教師と学習者の認識のズレとその解消に焦点を当てて -
長島倫子 ( Nagashima Noriko ),田中綾紗 ( Tanaka Ayasa ) 한국일어교육학회 2019 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.48
本稿は、自己評価が組み込まれた教科書を用いた一斉授業を対象として、教師と学習者の自己評価に対する認識のズレの発生と解消という観点から自己評価の実施方法を改善した結果、どの程度その効果が見られるのかということについて検証を行った。 改善点は、自己評価を初回授業で導入する際に学習者の母語を用いてその意義や利点を強調し明示的に説明することと、教師フィードバックを行うことの二点であったが、学期末に学習者に対して行ったアンケートによる意識調査の結果、自己評価が日本語学習の役に立ったと感じる学習者が大幅に増加し、自己評価に対する否定的な認識も減少したことが確認できた。ただ一方で、自己評価の結果を授業後に活用できなかったために役に立たなかったという否定的な認識も少数ながら見られ、自己評価の意義や方法について教師と学習者が意思疎通を図るだけに止まらず、授業後の具体的な支援を行う必要性もあることが示唆された。 また、新たに導入した教師フィードバックでは、教師が意図した「新たな気づきを得させること」と「自己評価の動機向上」という二点は多くの学習者に理解されたことが確認できた。しかし、教師が誤用訂正という本来の意図と矛盾する行為をしたために、2割近くの学習者が教師フィードバックの利点として作文能力の向上を挙げるというズレが生じてしまった。このことから、教師は自己評価に対して一貫した理念を持ち、自身が自己評価で行う行為一つ一つにどのような目的があるのか明確な意味付けをした上で学習者と自己評価についての意思疎通を図らなければならないことがわかった。 The study investigates the effect of the improved self-assessment methodology in terms of the difference in recognition between teachers and learners and measures to reduce it in a classroom lesson using textbooks. There’re two improvements. The first is explaining specifically about the significance of self-assessment in the native language of the learner in the first class. The second is doing teacher feedback. The results of a survey on learner's attitude show the number of learners who felt that self-assessment was helpful for learning increased significantly, and the learners who were negative about it decreased. Then about the teacher feedback, it was confirmed many learners understood two intentions of the teacher, “giving students new awareness” and “improvement of motivation for self-assessment”. However, a few leaners misunderstood the advantage of the teacher feedback is improving their writing skills. This cause is that teachers corrected the misuse of sentence on their Can-do check. The results of survey show teachers should have the coherent ideas of self-assessment and express them clearly.
A Comparison between Wet-only and Bulk Deposition at Two Forest Sites in Japan
Naohiro Imamura,Noriko Iwai,Nobuaki Tanaka,Nobuhito Ohte 한국대기환경학회 2018 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.12 No.1
To investigate the effects of forest and the surrounding natural and anthropogenic sources on the bulk depositions on forested land, this study examined differences in ion concentrations between wet-only and bulk samples at two forested sites in Japan. The surrounding natural and anthropogenic sources at each site were different; Shirasaka is in a rural area and Tanashi is an urban environment. The volume weighted (vw) mean concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ in the bulk samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the wet-only samples at both sites. The forest canopy and a nearby incineration plant were hypothesized to be the main sources of K+ contaminants at Shirasaka and Tanashi, respectively. The transport of sea salt and urban dust may explain the presence of enriched Ca2+ concentrations in the bulk samples at Shirasaka and Tanashi, respectively. The NH4 + concentrations in the Shirasaka bulk samples were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the wet-only samples. The vw mean SO4 2- and NO3 - concentrations in both sample types were not significantly different at either site. This study demonstrated that the ion concentration differences between wet-only and bulk samples were affected by nearby natural and anthropogenic sources even at forest sites, similar to previous findings for non-forested locations. However, the K+ concentration differences between wet-only and bulk samples may be higher owing to forest sources, even in the absence of anthropogenic sources.