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自律学習を促す自己評価と探究学習による振り返り ― 一斉教授型の中級日本語会話授業での実践 ―
長島倫子 ( Nagashima¸ Noriko ) 한국일어교육학회 2021 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.56
本稿は、大学の中級日本語会話の授業において、一斉授業後に行う自己評価の有用性を高め、学習者をより効果的に自律学習に導くことを目的とした取り組みの実践報告である。一斉授業の後に自己評価を行った後、更にその自己評価の結果が活用できるよう学習者が主導して行う探究学習を連係した。学習者が探究学習で選定したテーマを分析した結果、学習者は自己評価の結果や自身の興味·関心をもとに文法、表現、語彙、文化など様々なテーマを選定して探究学習に取り組んでいた。何人かの学習者は授業で学んだことを自分の経験や将来に結びつけてテーマを選定しており、身につけた知識を実際に活用してその有用性を認識したり、自分の生き方について考えたりするところまで学習を発展させていた。また、学期末アンケートの回答を分析した結果、学習者全員が自己評価と探究学習による振り返りを 「とても役に立った」と評価していた。探究学習が自己評価後の行動を起こすための足場かけとして有効に機能し、学習者が学習の幅を広げたり知識を明確化するという自身の成長を実感できる具体的な結果を得られたことが、この結果につながったと考えられる。更に、探究学習の導入により、学習者が一斉授業と自己評価により真剣に臨むようになる傾向があることも明らかになった。これらの結果から、自己評価によって学習者に自身の学習過程を内省させるだけでなく、その結果をもとに学習者が主体的に弱点を補完したり知的好奇心を満たしたりするための行動を起こすきっかけを教師が作ることが、学習者に振り返りの有用性を実感させ、自律学習を促すことにつながると言えるだろう This paper is a practical report of efforts to enhance the usefulness of self-assessment that is conducted after classroom lessons and lead learners to autonomous learning in the intermediate Japanese conversation class at the university. In this practice, learners did self-assessment first and then they carried out inquiry-based learning so that they could use the results of self-assessment more effectively. Learners could choose various research subjects such as grammar, expressions, vocabulary, cultures, etc. based on the results of self-assessment and their own interests when they engaged in inquiry-based learning. Some learners could choose their research subjects by linking what they learned in class to their own experiences and future career plan; that is to say, they realized the usefulness of the knowledge they acquired in class and thought about their own way of life through inquiry-based learning. Furthermore, in the questionnaire survey, all the learners evaluated the reflection through self-assessment and inquiry-based learning as “very useful”. The main reason for this was that learners could get concrete results that allowed them to realize their own growth by expanding the scope of their learning and clarifying their knowledge. It means that inquiry-based learning effectively functioned as a stepping stone for taking action after self-assessment. It was also shown that the introduction of inquiry-based learning has led learners to take more seriously both classroom lessons and self-assessment. To lead learners to autonomous learning, teachers should devise triggers for learners to take the initiative to supplement their weaknesses and satisfy their intellectual curiosity in addition to encouraging learners to reflect on their own learning process by self-assessment.
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Noriko Yamabe,Kyung Il Song,Woojung Lee,Im-Ho Han,Ji Hwan Lee,Jungyeob Ham,Su-Nam Kim,Jeong Hill Park,Ki Sung Kang 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3
Reactive oxygen species play critical role in kidney damage. Free radical-scavenging activities of Panax ginseng are know to be increased by heat-processing. The structural change of ginsenoside and the generation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are closely related to the increased free radical-scavenging activities. In the present study, we have demonstrated the Maillard reaction model experiment using ginsenoside Re and glycine mixture to identify the renoprotective effect of MRPs from ginseng or ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Re was transformed into less-polar ginsenosides, namely Rg2, Rg6 and F4 by heat-processing. The free radical-scavenging activity of ginsenoside Re-glycine mixture was increased in temperature-dependant manner by heatprocessing, The improved free radical-scavenging activity by heat-processing was mediated by the generation of antioxidant MRPs which led to the protection of LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Although the free radical scavenging activities of less-polor ginsenosides were weak, they could protect LLC-PK1 cells from oxidative stress. Therefore, MRPs and less-polar ginsenosides contributed to the combined renoprotective effects against oxidative renal damage.
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Case Reports : Morphea on the Breast after a Needle Biopsy
( Noriko Arase ),( Ken Igawa ),( Satoko Senda ),( Mika Terao ),( Hiroyuki Murota ),( Ichiro Katayama ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3s
Localized scleroderma (morphea) usually develops spontaneously, but the precise mechanisms underlying disease development are obscure. However, a significant number of cases suggest that morphea is induced by external stimuli. Herein, we report a case of morphea that developed after a needle biopsy. (Ann Dermatol 23(S3) S408~S410, 2011)
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Noriko Yamabe,Jin Gyun Lee,Yong Jae Lee,Chan Hum Park,Hyun Young Kim,Jeong Hill Park,Takako Yokozawa,Ki Sung Kang 고려인삼학회 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1
The chemical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity changes of ginsenoside Rb₁-glycine and ginsenoside Rg₁ -glycine mixtures by Maillard reaction were investigated to identify the role of Maillard reaction in the increased antioxidant activity of ginseng by heat-processing. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Rg₁-glycine mixture was more strongly increased by heat-processing than that of Rb₁-glycine mixture. From the analyses of ginsenosides, Rb₁ was gradually changed into 20(S)-Rg₃, 20(R)-Rg₃, Rk₁ and Rg? by heat-processing. Rg₁ was gradually changed into 20(S)- Rh₁, 20(R)-Rh₁, Rk₃ and Rh₄ by heat-processing. However, the generation of these less-polar ginsenosides was not related to the increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of Rb₁-glycine and Rg₁-glycine mixtures because their DPPH radical scavenging activities were already signifi cantly increased when dried at 50℃, which temperature induce no structural changes of ginsenosides. In the comparison of browning compound levels of Rg₁-glycine and Rb1-glycine mixtures, the extents of Maillard reaction were positively correlated with their increased free radical scavenging activities. Based on the chemical and DPPH radical scavenging activity changes of Rg₁-glycine and Rb₁-glycine mixtures by heat-processing, we clearly identifi ed that the increased free radical scavenging activity of ginsenoside is mediated by the Maillard reaction between sugar moiety of ginsenoside and amino acid.
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Applicability of R2A-DNB Index to Landfill Stabilization Indicator
( Noriko Ishibashi ),( Yasushi Matsufuji ),( Ayako Tachifuji ),( Hiromi Sawamura ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2014 No.1
The stabilization of landfills is important for reducing the potential risk of environmental pollution by the leachate. To evaluate the stabilization of landfills, Koikawa et al. focused on bacteria being decomposer of wastes and proposed the application of DNB index which indicates the dominance of oligotrophic bacteria (DNB bacteria), meaning the value divided DNB bacteria number by total bacteria number in 1992. This index has the potential to underestimate the dominance of DNB bacteria, because the total number calculated by the addition of DNB bacteria number to heterotrophic bacteria (NB bacteria) number is likely to doubly count the number of facultive oligotrophic bacteria. Therefore, in this study the applicability of modified DNB index (R2A-DNB index), in which the viable count in R2A medium is used as the total bacteria number, was evaluated by analyzing the relationship between this index and the concentration of pollutants. In general, the growth of DNB bacteria is affected by Cl⁻ concentration as well as nutrient concentration. At first, the eight leachate samples collected from Ky, Hi, Sh and Bf landfills (Table 1), having no inhibition of Cl⁻ (lower Cl⁻ concentration than 300mg/L), was selected from 30 leachate samples (11 landfills) provided for this study. The relation coefficient between R2A-DNB index (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.42) and BOD concentration was higher than that of DNB index (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.09), although there was a weak negative correlation in both index as shown in Figure 1. From these results, it seems that the R2A-DNB index is effective as an evaluation index for the stabilization of landfill compared with DNB index.
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The Effects of a Triggering Instruction on Communication Strategy Transference
Noriko Aotani,Shin’ya Takahashi 범태평양 응용언어학회 2022 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Research on communication strategies (CSs) has been drawing much attention in the area of psycholinguistics and applied linguistics. This study examined if triggering instruction can accelerate the cognitive aspects of CSs transference from L1 to L2. In the first part of the experiment, all participants, twenty-one Japanese university students, looked at pictures and were asked to say anything that came to their mind in English. In the second part, half of them (an experimental group) were instructed to begin the task by saying likes and dislikes of the picture. The other half (a control group) did not receive such an instruction. Participants also answered a questionnaire asking about self-evaluation of the task performance in order to examine their affective and cognitive state. Their utterances were classified as either objective descriptions of what was shown in the picture or subjective expressions of what they imagined or felt. The results of the experimental group clearly demonstrated the effect of instructional intervention; subjective expression increased and objective description decreased, and also their anxiety decreased from the first part of the experiment to the second. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the cognitive aspects of CSs such as change of viewpoint from objective to subjective, which we may call ‘self-expression switching,’ and its transference from L1.
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An Asymmetrical Network Model of the Japanese EFL Learner`s Mental Lexicon
( Noriko Aotani ),( Naoki Sugino ),( Simon Fraser ),( Yuya Koga ),( Kojiro Shojima ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2016 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.20 No.2
The aim of this study is to construct a model of a simple lexical network showing the strength and asymmetry of the connections between vocabulary items in the L2 mental lexicon of Japanese learners. The study focuses on eight nouns and investigates how they are networked, and whether the existing network structure formed by these nouns would be affected by the introduction of an adjective. Data in the form of perceived relatedness of the nouns collected from 17 Japanese EFL learners at different proficiency levels are analyzed using AMISESCAL (Asymmetric von Mises Scaling). AMISESCAL is a newly developed statistical model that visualizes asymmetric relations among elements on a two dimensional map. Both strength and asymmetry of the connections among vocabulary items are explicated using this model; distinctive features of the EFL learners` mental lexicon are thus obtained. The varieties of L2 network structure and the differences between individual learners are discussed.
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Noriko Shinozaki-Kuwahara,Kazuko Takada,Masatomo Hirasawa 한국미생물학회 2008 The journal of microbiology Vol.46 No.2
Nucleotide sequences of water-insoluble glucan-producing glucosyltransferase (gtf) genes of new mutans streptococci isolated from pig oral cavity, Streptococcus orisuis JCM14035, and of Streptococcus criceti HS-6 were determined. The gtf gene of S. orisuis JCM14035 consisted of a 4,401 bp ORF encoding for a 1,466 amino acids, and was revealed to belong to the gtfI group. The percent homology of amino acid sequence of the GTF-I from S. orisuis and S. criceti are 95.0%, however, this score ranges from 77.0% to 78.0% when compared to Streptococcus sobrinus 6715. The deduced N-terminal amino acid sequence was considered responsible for the secretion of GTF-I in S. orisuis JCM14035 and S. criceti HS-6 with high similarity to known GTF proteins from other streptococci. In addition, two other conserved regions, i.e., N-terminal putative catalytic-site and C-terminal glucan binding domain, were also found in GTF-Is of S. orisuis JCM14035 and S. criceti HS-6. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that S. orisuis JCM14035 and S. criceti HS-6, closely related to each other, resemble S. sobrinus and S. downei based on the amino acid sequences of the GTFs
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