An Improved BP Learning Algorithm and Autonomous Learning of English Teaching Pattern Based on Network Survey

Ningning Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.9

Colleges and universities should make full use of modern information technology to improve the teaching mode based on computer aided English teaching mode. The new teaching model should be based on modern information technology, especially network technology, so that English teaching is not subject to the restrictions of time and place, and toward the development of personalized, autonomous learning. In this paper, we analyze network topology structure and put forward an improved RTRL learning algorithm. Based on the empirical analysis, the result shows that with the increase of teaching time, the result of the experimental class is more obvious, so that the new teaching model promotes the improvement of students' autonomous learning ability. In conclusion, cultivating students' autonomous learning ability in a new and diversified foreign language teaching environment has become the core of College English teaching reform.

Rehabilitation training and Bio-ceramics for waist injury in sportsperson

Ningning Zhang,Songai Gao,Hao You 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.1

Many biomaterials especially bio-ceramics are currently being used to treat sports injuries. It is also important to research thebiocompatibility of composite biomaterials, which combine the benefits of a variety of materials, in order to assure that therewill be no new injury to the human body after implantation. Here in this work, we provide the current situation, main factors,results of rehabilitation and the future perspective of employing bio-ceramics for sports injuries. A sample of 23 sportspersonswere selected to analyze the severity, category of waist injury, as well as methods and effects of rehabilitation physical trainingprovided. The athletes were given targeted rehabilitation physical training, based on JOA Low back pain Rating Scale, andmovement screening in addition other testing methods were used to test the physical characteristics and competitive ability ofthe athletes, combined with the training results of the athletes, the level of physical movement function and injuryrehabilitation of the athletes before and after rehabilitation physical training were evaluated and guided. Bio-ceramics togetherwith rehabilitation physical training can improve the effects of waist injury and the recovery of physical function of maleweightlifters.

Mechanical Analysis of Secondary Lining of High-Speed Railway Tunnel

Ningning Zhang,Qian Fang,Yue Li,Dingli Zhang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7

To investigate the mechanical responses of secondary lining of high-speed railway tunnel, two numerical models for simulatingReinforced Concrete Secondary Lining (RCSL) and Plain Concrete Secondary Lining (PCSL) are built respectively based on theprinciple of soil-structure interaction. The simulations are performed under different values of coefficient of lateral pressure (λ). Thenumerical results indicate that the embedded reinforcement enhances the strength of secondary lining. The coefficient of lateralpressure has significant influence on the secondary lining strength.

Molecular mechanisms involved in epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine D₃ receptor signaling

Sun, Ningning,Zhang, Xiaowei,Guo, Shuohan,Le, Hang Thi,Zhang, Xiaohan,Kim, Kyeong-Man Elsevier 2018 Biochimica et biophysica acta, Molecular cell rese Vol.1865 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The phenomenon wherein the signaling by a given receptor is regulated by a different class of receptors is termed transactivation or crosstalk. Crosstalk between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is highly diverse and has unique functional implications because of the distinct structural features of the receptors and the signaling pathways involved. The present study used the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and dopamine D<SUB>3</SUB> receptor (D<SUB>3</SUB>R), which are both associated with schizophrenia, as the model system to study crosstalk between RTKs and GPCRs. Loss-of-function approaches were used to identify the cellular components involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which is responsible for EGFR-induced regulation of the functions of D<SUB>3</SUB>R. <I>SRC</I> proto-oncogene (Src, non-receptor tyrosine kinase), heterotrimeric G protein Gβγ subunit, and endocytosis of EGFR were involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2. In response to EGF treatment, Src interacted with EGFR in a Gβγ-dependent manner, resulting in the endocytosis of EGFR. Internalized EGFR in the cytosol mediated Src/Gβγ-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2. The binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated GRK2 to the T142 residue of D<SUB>3</SUB>R resulted in uncoupling from G proteins, endocytosis, and lysosomal downregulation. This study identified the molecular mechanisms involved in the EGFR-mediated regulation of the functions of D<SUB>3</SUB>R, which can be extended to the crosstalk between other RTKs and GPCRs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Stimulation of EGFR results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2. </LI> <LI> Gβγ, Src, and endocytosis of EGFR are required for the tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2. </LI> <LI> Tyrosine phosphorylated GRK2 binds to T142 of D<SUB>3</SUB>R. </LI> <LI> GRK2-bound D<SUB>3</SUB>R is uncoupled from G proteins to result in signaling inhibition. </LI> <LI> GRK2-bound D<SUB>3</SUB>R undergoes endocytosis and degradation through lysosomal pathway. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

중국 구름무늬의 상징성에 관한 연구 -과자 패키지 디자인을 중심으로-

장닝닝 ( Zhang Ningning ),홍창기 ( Hong Chang-kee ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2023 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.84 No.-

중국 과자 패키지 디자인에서 구름무늬는 중국의 과자 소비 시장에서 높은 인식도를 가지고 있으며, 패키지 디자인에서 자주 사용되는 디자인 요소이다. 그러나 구름무늬는 전통적인 요소로만 사용되며, 상징화된 정제 과정을 거치지 않아 소비자가 구름무늬의 상징적 의미와 브랜드의 핵심 가치를 정확히 이해하기 어렵다. 본 논문의 연구 목적은 전통적인 구름무늬의 상징적 특징을 더 명확하게 설명하고, 실제적인 개념과 디자인에서의 전통적인 구름 무늬의 상징적 의미를 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중국의 3개 과자 브랜드와 구름무늬 디자인과 관련된 대표적인 5개 패키지를 선택하여 구름무늬의 상징성을 형태, 색상, 구도 세 가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석결과, 중국 과자 패키지 디자인에서 구름무늬의 형태는 주로 유기형태, 유동적인 형태, 등비형태를 사용하며, 브랜드의 특성과 주제 에 따라 조화롭게 조합하여 브랜드 이미지와 일치하는 패키지 디자인을 구현한 것으로 나타났다. 구름무늬의 색상은 고정된 제한이 없으며, 중국 문화의 내포를 기반으로, 사람들이 익숙하고 받아들일 수 있는 색상을 선택하고, 브랜드의 특성과 주제에 맞게 색상을 조합하여 소비자와 감정적인 공감을 일으키는 효과를 창출하였다. 구도에 있어서는 대칭적인 구도, 동적인 구도, 균형적인 구도 및 다층적인 구도가 일반적으로 사용되었다. 이러한 구도 방식을 유연하게 활용하여 과자 패키지 디자인을 시각적으로 매력적이고 예술적으로 만들었다. 이처럼 구름무늬를 적용한 과자 패키지 디자인은 풍부한 상징적 의미인 행운과 번영, 조화롭고 통일된 상태, 축하와 기원 등을 표현하며, 깊은 문화적 내포와 고귀하고 화려한 브랜드 이미지를 보여주었다. 본 연구는 전통 구름무늬의 기호화와 상징성을 중국 과자 패키지 디자인에 요약함으로써 전통 패턴의 패키지 디자인이 더욱 미적이고 예술적인 요소를 갖출 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 통해 전통 구름무늬를 현대 디자인 요소와 결합하여 창의적이고 독특한 패키지 디자인을 만들고 전통과 현대의 균형점을 탐구하여 패키지 디자인의 예술성과 미적 가치를 향상시키는 방법에 대해 고민할 수 있을 것이다. 더 나아가 전통 구름무늬의 패키지 디자인에서 문화유산과 혁신적인 사고의 결합을 실현하고 전통 문화의 깊은 의미를 발굴하여 패키지 디자인에 새로운 창의성과 활기를 불어넣을 수 있기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to provide a clearer explanation of the symbolic characteristics of traditional cloud patterns and to investigate their symbolic meaning in practical concepts and designs. For this purpose, three Chinese snack brands and five representative packages related to cloud pattern designs were selected for analysis in terms of form, color, and composition. The results show that the form of cloud patterns in Chinese snack package designs mainly includes organic, dynamic, and geometric shapes, combined harmoniously according to the brand's characteristics and themes to create a package design that aligns with the brand image. The color of cloud patterns is not restricted to fixed limitations, but rather chosen based on the inherent cultural significance in Chinese culture and the colors that people are familiar with and can resonate with emotionally, thus creating an effect that elicits consumer empathy, in line with the brand's characteristics and themes. In terms of composition, symmetric, dynamic, balanced, and multi-layered compositions were commonly used, which provided an aesthetically appealing and artistic touch to the snack package designs. By applying cloud patterns to snack package designs, the rich symbolic meanings of luck, prosperity, harmony, celebration, and well-wishes were expressed, showcasing deep cultural significance and a splendid, glamorous brand image. This study summarizes the codification and symbolism of traditional cloud patterns in Chinese snack package designs, allowing traditional patterns to possess more aesthetic and artistic elements. Through this, creative and unique package designs can be created by combining traditional cloud patterns with modern design elements, exploring the balance between tradition and modernity, and enhancing the artistic and aesthetic value of package designs. Furthermore, it is hoped that the combination of cultural heritage and innovative thinking in traditional cloud pattern package designs will be realized, unearthing the profound meanings of traditional culture and infusing new creativity and vitality into package designs.

의인화된 브랜드 이미지가 모호성, 자아이미지 일치성 및 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

장녕녕(Zhang, Ningning),나아람(Luo, Yalan),전기흥(Jeon, Ki-Heung) 한국상품학회 2021 商品學硏究 Vol.39 No.4

최근 의인화된 커뮤니케이션의 발달로 의인화된 마케팅 전략이 더욱 중요해졌다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 의인화된 브랜드 이미지와 모호성, 자아 이미지 일관성, 지각력 및 브랜드 태도에 대한 기존 연구를 검토하고 이를 종합하고 체계화하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 첫째, 의인화된 브랜드 이미지(따뜻함, 친밀성, 능력, 유용성)는 모호성에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되어 가설 1은 채택되었다. 둘째, 의인화된 브랜드의 이미지(따뜻함, 능력, 유용성)는 자아 이미지 일치성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으나, 친밀성은 그렇지 않은 것으로 나타나 가설 2는 부분 채택되었다. 셋째, 의인화된 브랜드의 이미지(따뜻함, 친밀성, 능력, 유용성)는 브랜드 태도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 밝혀져 가설 3은 채택되었다. 넷째, 모호성은 자아 이미지 일치성에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 의인화된 브랜드에 대한 정보가 부족하거나 명확하지 않을 경우에는 자아이미지와의 일치성을 낮게 인식한다는 것을 의미하는 것으로 가설 4는 채택되었다. 다섯째, 모호성은 부정적인 브랜드 태도 형성에 유의미한 영향이 확인되지 않아 가설 5는 기각되었다. 여섯째, 자아 이미지 일치성은 브랜드 태도에 정(+)에 영향 미치는 것으로 나타나 가설 6은 채택되었다. 일곱째, 모호성은 의인화된 브랜드 이미지가 자아 이미지 일치성에, 그리고 자아이미지 일치성은 의인화된 브랜드 이미지와 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향을 매개한 것으로 나타나 가설 8과 가설 9는 지지되었다. 하지만 모호성은 의인화된 브랜드 이미지가 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향을 매개하지 않는 것으로 나타나 가설 7은 기각되었다. With the recent development of anthropomorphic communication, anthropomorphic marketing strategies become more important. In this regard, this study examines existing research on anthropomorphic brand image and ambiguity, self-image consistency, Perceptual, and brand attitude, and synthesizes and systematizes them. First, it was confirmed that anthropomorphic brand images (warmth, intimacy, competence, and usefulness) have a negative (-) effect on ambiguity. H 1 was significant. Second, the anthropomorphic brand image (warmth, intimacy, competence, and utility) confirms the impact of self-image consistency on affect (+). But intimacy among the image characteristics of anthropomorphic brands did not have an effect on self-image. Anthropomorphic brand images have a positive (+) effect on self-image congruence. H 2 was partially adopted. Third, anthropomorphic brand images (warmth, intimacy, competence, and utility) confirm a positive (+) effect on brand attitudes. H 3 was significant. Fourth, a negative (-) effect of ambiguity on self-image congruence was identified. H 4 was significant. However, ambiguity did not have a negative effect on brand attitudes. H 5 was rejected. Fifth, self-image consistency has an impact on brand attitude. Sixth, although fuzziness has no media effect between anthropomorphic brand image and brand attitude, it has no media effect between anthropomorphic brand image and self-image consistency. In addition, the consistency of self-image is the influence of anthropomorphic brand image and brand attitude.

Cockroach as a Vector of Blastocystis sp. is Risk for Golden Monkeys in Zoo

Lei Ma,Yongbin Zhang,Haixia Qiao,Shuai Li,Heqin Wang,Ningning Zhang,Xiao Zhang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.58 No.5

Blastocystis sp. is a kind of protozoa living in the intestinal tract of human and animals, which will cause intestinal diseases such as diarrhea, abdominal distension and vomiting. This paper was aimed to understand the infection of Blastocystis sp. In golden monkeys and the transmission path in North China. Thirty-seven feces samples from golden monkeys and 116 cockroach samples from Shijiazhuang Zoo were collected from July to October 2019 for PCR analysis of Blastocystis sp. Genetic diversity analysis was further conducted on the samples with positive PCR results. The results showed that the infection rate was 48.7% (18/37) in golden monkeys and 82.8% (96/116) in cockroaches, respectively. The genetic evolution analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA demonstrated that three subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis sp. including ST1, ST2, and ST3 existed in the intestinal tract of golden monkeys, while only ST2 was detected in the intestinal tract of cockroaches. This paper may provide supports for the quarantine and control of Blastocystis sp. for the zoo in Northern China.

β-Arrestin2 directly or through GRK2 inhibits PKCβII activation in a ubiquitination-dependent manner

Zhang, Xiaohan,Zheng, Mei,Sun, Ningning,Kim, Kyeong-Man Elsevier 2018 Biochimica et biophysica acta, Molecular cell rese Vol.1865 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The GRK/β-arrestin and PKC/PKA mediate the homologous and heterologous regulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), respectively. Interaction between the two pathways is one of the most important issues in understanding the regulation of GPCRs. The present study investigated the regulatory effect of GRK2 and β-arrestins on PKC activation. The roles of GRK2 and β-arrestins in the functional regulation of PKC were assessed by determining their influence on PKC autophosphorylation and intracellular translocation. Radioligand binding assay was utilized to characterize intracellular trafficking of dopamine D<SUB>2</SUB>R, D<SUB>3</SUB>R, and β<SUB>2</SUB> adrenergic receptor (β<SUB>2</SUB>AR). The subdomains involved in the mutual interactions among GRK2, β-arrestin2, and PKCβII were determined by in vitro binding assay. Various point mutants of key regulatory players were combined with knockdown cells of GRK2, β-arrestins, and Mdm2 to functionally correlate the biochemical changes with functional outcomes. GRK2 and β-arrestin2 mutually inhibited the PKCβII autophosphorylation, a hallmark of PKCβII activation. β-Arrestin2 ubiquitination was required for the inhibitory activities of GRK2 as well as β-arrestin2. Furthermore, GRK2 facilitated β-arrestin2 ubiquitination, thus to enhance the inhibitory actions of β-arrestin2 on PKCβII activity. Aforementioned processes were also involved in the GRK2/β-arrestin2-mediated inhibition of the D<SUB>2</SUB>R, D<SUB>3</SUB>R, and β<SUB>2</SUB>AR endocytosis. The present study provides new insights into the intricate interactions between the homologous and heterologous GPCR regulation pathways. In addition, a novel regulatory role of GRK2 was proposed for the ubiquitination of β-arrestin in the context of the PKC-mediated heterologous regulation of GPCRs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel regulatory mechanism for the GPCR regulation is proposed. </LI> <LI> The mechanism relies on GRK2/β-arrestin2-mediated inhibition of PKC. </LI> <LI> The ubiquitination of β-arrestin2 is required for the inhibition of PKC. </LI> <LI> GRK2 potentiates the ubiquitination of β-arrestin2. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

RECOVERY TYPE A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATES IN FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Zhang, Zhimin,Yan, Ningning 한국전산응용수학회 2001 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.8 No.2

This is a survey article on finite element a posteriori error estimates with an emphasize on gradient recovery type error estimators. As an example, the error estimator based on the ZZ patch recovery technique will be discussed in some detail. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 65N30, 65N15

NIR light-powered halloysite-based nanomotors for CT imaging diagnosis and synergistic chemo-photothermal cancer therapy

Xiaolei Zhang,Ziying Wang,Yangsai Lyu,Jia Li,Kun Song,Ningning Xing,Dickon H.L. Ng 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-

Near-infrared (NIR) light-powered nanomotors with active motion have attracted extensive attention inthe chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer. However, there are also some limitations such as complicatedsynthesis process, low permeability of drugs and viscous physiological environment. Herein, wedeveloped a facile route to synthesize novel NIR light-powered DOX/Au-m-HTAS nanomotor based onnatural halloysite (HNTs) for active chemo-photothermal therapy. Such nanomotor exhibited NIR lightcontrolled on/off motion with a maximum speed of 64.5 lm/s. Owing to the synergetic NIR lightpoweredmotion and chemo-photothermal therapy, DOX/Au-m-HTAS nanomotor could effectivelyadhere tumor cells, leading to deeper cell penetration, higher cellular uptake, and better ablation oftumor cells. Meanwhile, DOX/Au-m-HTAS nanomotors also had enhanced ability for CT imaging of localtumor, demonstrating the enhanced anticancer efficiency. This strategy provided a new insight into thechemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of tumors.