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Antennal UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in the coffee white stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes
Ning-Na Yin,Yu-Jie Zhao,Jia-Ying Zhu,Nai-Yong Liu 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4
The antenna of Xylotrechus quadripes is the principle olfactory organ that is subjected to a large number of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The gene families associated with the detoxification of these compounds are essential for the adaptive evolution of insect defensive strategies. However, knowledge on uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) of X. quadripes is unavailable. Here, we characterized 30 UGT genes identified from an antennal transcriptome of X. quadripes. Among them, 16 UGT genes encoding 508–527 amino acids shared the full-length sequences and signal peptides in N-terminus. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that X. quadripes UGTs had a variable N-terminus and a conserved C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that X. quadripes UGTs were classified into ten sub-families with the largest UGT one of UGT352 (nine genes) and a strict single copy of UGT50 within coleopteran species. Gene structural analysis indicated that coleopteran UGT50s underwent intron gains or losses. Expression profile revealed that all studied X. quadripes UGTs were transcribed in the antennae of both sexes, some of which exhibited sex-biased expression including UGT2, UGT6, UGT20 and UGT27 in females as well as UGT3, UGT11 and UGT12 in males. In addition, most of UGTs were widely expressed in other tissues, indicating their functional diversities in this beetle. Together, these findings provide valuable information for further functional studies of UGTs in X. quadripes, especially their roles in olfaction.
Kwok, Yin Ning 서양미술사학회 2015 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.43 No.-
This paper illustrates in what ways writings in travel books or other written forms are similar to art works, and are worth studying, and challenges the dominant methodology of studying art works/images in art history. It is to emphasize that studying both image making history and image reading history is to make our understanding of art history complete, otherwise, we would miss out half of the art history because it takes both art creation and art reception to complete the whole existence of art. It is thus very important for art historians to research on art reception embedded in writings about art, and to investigate into art creation or production which embodied in art works/images. George Lay’s The Chinese as They Are (1841) is an excellent example demonstrating a very high level of receptive creativity in the entire period of my research (1600-1860). Lay’s ground-breaking discussion of painting and calligraphy pushed the level of European understanding to the highest ever. He evaluates Chinese painting based on Chinese aesthetics like the use of line, and particular canons and rules for learning painting. All these are elements constituting Chinese artistic values with which pictorial features function very differently from the European ones. Lay’s evaluation indicates that he makes a paradigm shift because his judgment, unlike others, is not based on European standards. Not being bounded by the European standards, Lay pays attention to many visual qualities, sees another kind of realism conveyed by lines and curves, appreciates ways of rigorously studying the depicted subjects; and recognizes the portrayal of the subjects’ (humans, plants, and birds) internal emotion and attitude, which they are not found in European painting. On calligraphy, his understanding of calligraphy is exceptional and extremely profound in the history of the European reception of Chinese calligraphy. In the whole period of the present study he was the first and only one to identify four types of script, to appreciate Chinese writing as an independent art form, and to evaluate this art based on Chinese aesthetics and artistic principles. Lay’s high level of receptive creativity in understanding Chinese art was extraordinary and unprecedented. It thus exemplifies and illustrates that it is very essential for art historians to research on written texts in order to study art reception which constitutes half of art appreciation.
Starving Aphelinus asychis negatively affects host feeding and parasitism on Myzus persicae
Sheng-Yin Wang,Yi Feng,Ning-Ning Liang,Rui Tang,Yan-Hong Liu,Da Yu Zhang,Tong-Xian Liu 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Aphelinus asychis (Walker) is an effective biological control agent for many species of aphids found on various crops. To provide strategies for releasing these parasitoids into a crop ecosystem, the effects of a short-duration starvation experiment on A. asychis were measured under laboratory conditions using Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as the host on cabbage and chili pepper plants. The survival rate of starved A. asychis female adults decreased sharply as the starving time increased, and the longevity of the starved parasitoids also decreased significantly. The number of aphids killed by the parasitoids decreased gradually with the extended duration of starvation. In addition, the number of aphids on chili peppers and cabbages killed by starved A. asychis females over their lifespan was significantly lower than that in the control group. Our results indicated that a short period of starvation might not cause significantly negative effects on the parasitoids and may be beneficial for the control of M. persicae at low densities after 1 day; however, starvation for>1 day seriously affected the performance of A. asychis females over their entire lifespan. The parasitoids performed similarly when aphids were fed chili pepper or cabbage plants.
Modulus-based Successive Overrelaxation Method for Pricing American Options
Ning Zheng,Junfeng Yin 한국전산응용수학회 2013 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.31 No.5
We consider the modulus-based successive overrelaxation methodfor the linear complementarity problems from the discretization ofBlack-Scholes American options model. The H+-matrix property of thesystem matrix discretized from American option pricing which guaranteesthe convergence of the proposed method for the linear complementarityproblem is analyzed. Numerical experiments confirm the theoreticalanalysis, and further show that the modulus-based successive overrelaxationmethod is superior to the classical projected successive overrelaxationmethod with optimal parameter.
MODULUS-BASED SUCCESSIVE OVERRELAXATION METHOD FOR PRICING AMERICAN OPTIONS
Zheng, Ning,Yin, Jun-Feng The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2013 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.31 No.5
We consider the modulus-based successive overrelaxation method for the linear complementarity problems from the discretization of Black-Scholes American options model. The $H_+$-matrix property of the system matrix discretized from American option pricing which guarantees the convergence of the proposed method for the linear complementarity problem is analyzed. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical analysis, and further show that the modulus-based successive overrelaxation method is superior to the classical projected successive overrelaxation method with optimal parameter.