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Soft Biometric Traits for Continuous User Authentication
Niinuma, Koichiro,Unsang Park,Jain, Anil K IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on information forensics and sec Vol.5 No.4
<P>Most existing computer and network systems authenticate a user only at the initial login session. This could be a critical security weakness, especially for high-security systems because it enables an impostor to access the system resources until the initial user logs out. This situation is encountered when the logged in user takes a short break without logging out or an impostor coerces the valid user to allow access to the system. To address this security flaw, we propose a continuous authentication scheme that continuously monitors and authenticates the logged in user. Previous methods for continuous authentication primarily used hard biometric traits, specifically fingerprint and face to continuously authenticate the initial logged in user. However, the use of these biometric traits is not only inconvenient to the user, but is also not always feasible due to the user's posture in front of the sensor. To mitigate this problem, we propose a new framework for continuous user authentication that primarily uses soft biometric traits (e.g., color of user's clothing and facial skin). The proposed framework automatically registers (enrolls) soft biometric traits every time the user logs in and fuses soft biometric matching with the conventional authentication schemes, namely password and face biometric. The proposed scheme has high tolerance to the user's posture in front of the computer system. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for continuous user authentication.</P>
DISCOVERY OF A WANDERING RADIO JET BASE AFTER A LARGE X-RAY FLARE IN THE BLAZAR MARKARIAN 421
Niinuma, K.,Kino, M.,Doi, A.,Hada, K.,Nagai, H.,Koyama, S. IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.807 No.1
<P>We investigate the location of the radio jet bases ('radio cores') of blazars in radio images and their stationarity by means of dense very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. In order to measure the position of a radio core, we conducted a 12 epoch astrometric observation of the blazar Markarian 421 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry at 22 GHz immediately after a large X-ray flare, which occurred in the middle of 2011 September. For the first time, we find that the radio core is not stationary but rather changes its location toward 0.5 mas downstream. This angular scale corresponds to the de-projected length of a scale of 10(5) Schwarzschild radii (R-s) at the distance of Markarian 421. This radio-core wandering may be a new type of manifestation associated with the phenomena of large X-ray flares.</P>
IMAGING CAPABILITY OF THE KVN AND VERA ARRAYS (KaVA)
NIINUMA, KOTARO,LEE, SANG-SUNG,KINO, MOTOKI,SOHN, BON WON The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
The Korean very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) network (KVN) and VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) Array (KaVA) is the first international VLBI array dedicated to high-frequency (23 GHz (K-band) and 43 GHz (Q-band)) observations in East Asia. To evaluate the imagine capability of KaVA, we performed imaging observations of three bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known for their complex morphologies: 4C 39.25, 3C 273, and M87 by KaVA at K-/Q-band. Our KaVA images reveal extended outflows with complex substructure such as knots and limb brightening, in agreement with previous observations by other VLBI facilities. Angular resolutions are better than 1.4 and 0.8 milliarcsecond (max) at K-/Q-band, respectively. KaVA achieves a high dynamic range of ~1000, more than three times the value achieved by VERA. We conclude that KaVA is a powerful array with a great potential for the study of AGN outflows, at least comparable to the best existing radio interferometric arrays.
KEY SCIENCE OBSERVATIONS OF AGNs WITH THE KaVA ARRAY
KINO, MOTOKI,NIINUMA, KOTARO,ZHAO, GUANG-YAO,SOHN, BONG WON The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
KaVA (KVN and VERA Array) is a new combined VLBI array composed of KVN (Korean VLBI Network) and VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). Here, we report the following two issues. (1) We review the initial results of imaging observations of M87 at 23 GHz following Niinuma et al. (2014). The KaVA images reveal extended outflows including complex substructures such as knots and limb-brightening, in agreement with previous VLBI observations. KaVA achieves a high dynamic range of ~1000, more than three times better than that achieved by VERA alone. (2) Based on subsequent observations and discussions led by the KaVA AGN SubWorking Group, we set monitoring observations of Sgr $A^{\ast}$ and M87 as our Key Science Project (hereafter KSP) because of the closeness and largeness of their central super-massive black holes. The main science goals of the KSP are (i) testing the magnetically-driven-jet paradigm by mapping velocity fields of the M87 jet, and (ii) obtaining tight constraints on physical properties of the radio emitting region in Sgr $A^{\ast}$. Towards KSP, we show the first preliminary images of M87 at 23 GHz and Sgr $A^{\ast}$ at 43 GHz with the bandwidth of 256 MHz.
Probing the precise location of the radio core in the TeV blazar Mrk 501 with VERA at 43 GHz
Koyama, Shoko,Kino, Motoki,Doi, Akihiro,Niinuma, Kotaro,Hada, Kazuhiro,Nagai, Hiroshi,Honma, Mareki,Akiyama, Kazunori,Giroletti, Marcello,Giovannini, Gabriele,Orienti, Monica,Isobe, Naoki,Kataoka, Jun Astronomical Society of Japan 2015 Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Vol.67 No.4