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Natarajan Senthilkumar,최영선,박소현,강학수,박대원 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.4
We have investigated the effect of strong p-type organic semiconductor F_4-TCNQ-doped CuPc hole transport layer on the performance of p-i-n hetero-junction photovoltaic device from ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc:F_4-TCNQ (5 wt%)/CuPc:C60 (blending ratio 1:1)/C60/BCP/LiF/Al, fabricated via vacuum deposition process and have evaluated the J–V characteristics such as short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and energy conversion efficiency (he) of the device. By doping of F_4-TCNQ into CuPc hole transport layer, absorption intensities in absorption spectra were increased, which supports that uniform dispersion of organic molecules in the hole transport layer with lowered value of surface roughness can be obtained. Eventually, current injection was enhanced through the layer, which comparatively improves the performance of the photovoltaic cell with energy conversion efficiency of 0.50% in this study.
Ocular promoting activity of grape polyphenols—A review
Natarajan, Sithranga Boopathy,Hwang, Jin-Woo,Kim, Yon-Suk,Kim, Eun-Kyung,Park, Pyo-Jam Elsevier 2017 Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol.50 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The eye is a sensitive organ with complex optical system involves in the perception of light. Although it has several protective mechanisms by itself, various physiological and metabolic disorders are detrimental to the proper functioning of the visual system. Grape juice has long been used worldwide for its potent medicinal values including ocular promotion. Bioactivities of grape products are highly attributed to the presence of health promoting phytochemicals in them. Some phytochemicals present in the grape juice have been involved in the maintenance of intra-ocular pressure, regulation of glucose metabolisms and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the system. Particularly, the grape derived phytochemicals involve in minimizing various eye defects such as macular degradation, uvea, cataract formation, red eye, diabetic retinopathy and so on. However, only limited number of studies has been conducted so far focusing the ocular promoting activity of grape polyphenols. In this review, we discuss the role of grape polyphenols in ocular promotion relating their anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-aging, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Natarajan Sudhakar,Thangarajan Rajkumar,Kamalalayam Raghavan Rajalekshmy,Nirmala Karunakaran Nancy 대한혈액학회 2017 Blood Research Vol.52 No.1
Background: This study characterized clonal IG heavy V-D-J (IGH) gene rearrangements in South Indian patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (precursor B-ALL) and identi-fied age-related predominance in VDJ rearrangements. Methods: IGH rearrangements were studied in 50 precursor B-ALL cases (common ALL=37, pre-B ALL=10, pro-B ALL=3) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) heteroduplex analysis. Twenty randomly selected clonal IGH rearrangement sequences were analyzed using the IMGT/V-QUEST tool. Results: Clonal IGH rearrangements were detected in 41 (82%) precursor B-ALL cases. Among the IGHV1-IGHV7 subgroups, IGHV3 was used in 25 (50%) cases. Among the IGHD1-IGHD7 genes, IGHD2 and IGHD3 were used in 8 (40%) and 5 (25%) clones, respectively. Among the IGHJ1-IGHJ6 genes, IGHJ6 and IGHJ4 were used in 9 (45%) and 6 (30%) clones, respectively. In 6 out of 20 (30%) IGH rearranged sequences, CDR3 was in frame whereas 14 (70%) had rearranged sequences and CDR3 was out of frame. A so-matic mutation in Vmut/Dmut/Jmut was detected in 14 of 20 IGH sequences. On average, Vmut/Dmut/Jmut were detected in 0.1 nt, 1.1 nt, and 0.2 nt, respectively. Conclusion: The IGHV3 gene was frequently used whereas lower frequencies of IGHV5 and IGHV6 and a higher frequency of IGHV4 were detected in children compared with young adults. The IGHD2 and IGHD3 genes were over-represented, and the IGHJ6 gene was predom-inantly used in precursor-B-ALL. However, the IGH gene rearrangements in pre-cursor-B-ALL did not show any significant age-associated genotype pattern attributed to our population.
Error Rate and Capacity Analysis for Incremental Hybrid Daf Relaying uning Polar Codes
Natarajan Madhusudhanan,ajamanickam Venkateswari 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.3
The deployment of an incremental hybrid decode‐amplify and forward relaying scheme is a promising and superior solution for cellular networks to meet ever‐growing network traffic demands. However, the selection of a suitable relaying protocol based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio threshold is important in realizing an improved quality of service. In this paper, an incremental hybrid relaying protocol is proposed using polar codes. The proposed protocol achieves a better performance than existing turbo codes in terms of capacity. Simulation results show that the polar codes through an incremental hybrid decode‐amplify‐and‐forward relay can provide a 38% gain when γth(1) and γth(2) are optimal. Further, the channel capacity is improved to 17.5 b/s/Hz and 23 b/s/Hz for 2 × 2 MIMO and 4 × 4 MIMO systems, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to achieve the optimal solution.
( Natarajan Meghanathan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2009 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.3 No.6
The high-level contribution of this paper is to illustrate the effectiveness of using graph theory tree traversal algorithms (pre-order, in-order and post-order traversals) to generate the chain of sensor nodes in the classical Power Efficient-Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) data aggregation protocol for wireless sensor networks. We first construct an undirected minimum-weight spanning tree (ud-MST) on a complete sensor network graph, wherein the weight of each edge is the Euclidean distance between the constituent nodes of the edge. A Breadth-First-Search of the ud-MST, starting with the node located closest to the center of the network, is now conducted to iteratively construct a rooted directed minimum-weight spanning tree (rd-MST). The three tree traversal algorithms are then executed on the rd-MST and the node sequence resulting from each of the traversals is used as the chain of nodes for the PEGASIS protocol. Simulation studies on PEGASIS conducted for both TDMA and CDMA systems illustrate that using the chain of nodes generated from the tree traversal algorithms, the node lifetime can improve as large as by 19%-30% and at the same time, the energy loss per node can be 19%-35% lower than that obtained with the currently used distance-based greedy heuristic.
Control of Input Series Output Parallel Connected DC-DC Converters
Natarajan, Sirukarumbur Pandurangan,Anandhi, Thangavel Saroja The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2007 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.7 No.3
Equal rating DC-DC converter modules can be connected in series at the input for circuits requiring higher input voltages and in parallel at the output for circuits requiring higher output currents. Since the converter modules may not be practically identical, closed loop control has to ensure that each module equally shares the total input voltage and the load current. A control scheme consisting of a common output voltage loop, individual inner current loops and individual input voltage loops have been designed in this work to achieve input voltage and load current sharing as well as load voltage regulation under supply and load disturbances. The output voltage loop provides the basic reference for the inner current loops, which are also modified by the respective input voltage loops. The average of the converter input voltages, which is dynamically varying, is chosen as the reference for input voltage loops. This choice of reference eliminates interaction among different control loops. Type II compensators and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) are designed and compared through MATLAB based simulation and FLC is found to be satisfactory. Hence TMS320F2407A DSP based FLC is implemented and the results are presented which prove the superiority of the FLC developed for this research.