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Manabu Takahashi,Hyuck Park,Naoki Takahashi,Yukiyasu Fujii 한국자원공학회 2013 Geosystem engineering Vol.16 No.1
In most underground facilities, the existence of water and anisotropic stress can create serious problems when excavating and maintaining the underground cavities. In this article, we performed laboratory experiment of true triaxial tests on Shirahama sandstone to investigate the effect of the intermediate principal stress on rock permeability. In the brittle failure regime (low minimum principal stress), the specimen showed a rapid increase in permeability after brittle fracture. At higher minimum principal stress, the permeability decreased with increasing axial strain, but after yield stress, the permeability recovered gradually small. As a result, the final permeability in the specimen after failure was less than the initial value. We focus on the importance of the intermediate principal stress and introduce the observations related to the mechanical characteristics on a wide range of stress states from confined triaxial compression to confined triaxial extension. The true triaxial test is superior in obtaining continuous deformation behaviors from ductile under a compression regime to brittle under an extension regime. The maximum principal stress increased by a finite amount in changing from a compression state to an extension state.
A rice ABC transporter, OsABCC1, reduces arsenic accumulation in the grain
Song, Won-Yong,Yamaki, Tomohiro,Yamaji, Naoki,Ko, Donghwi,Jung, Ki-Hong,Fujii-Kashino, Miho,An, Gynheung,Martinoia, Enrico,Lee, Youngsook,Ma, Jian Feng National Academy of Sciences 2014 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.111 No.44
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Contamination of water and foods with arsenic (As) poses a threat to millions of people worldwide. Because the rice grain is the major source of As intake, reducing the transfer of As from soil to the grain is a pressing public health issue. We found that a member of the <I>Oryza sativa</I> C-type ATP-binding cassette transporter (OsABCC) family, OsABCC1, detoxifies As and reduces the amount of As in the rice grain. OsABCC1 in the upper nodes of rice plants restricts the distribution of As to the grain by sequestering it in the vacuoles of the phloem companion cells of diffuse vascular bundles directly connected to the grain. Our work suggests a strategy for limiting As accumulation in rice grains and thereby reducing human As exposure.</P><P>Arsenic (As) is a chronic poison that causes severe skin lesions and cancer. Rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) is a major dietary source of As; therefore, reducing As accumulation in the rice grain and thereby diminishing the amount of As that enters the food chain is of critical importance. Here, we report that a member of the <I>Oryza sativa</I> C-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (OsABCC) family, OsABCC1, is involved in the detoxification and reduction of As in rice grains. We found that <I>OsABCC1</I> was expressed in many organs, including the roots, leaves, nodes, peduncle, and rachis. Expression was not affected when plants were exposed to low levels of As but was up-regulated in response to high levels of As. In both the basal nodes and upper nodes, which are connected to the panicle, OsABCC1 was localized to the phloem region of vascular bundles. Furthermore, OsABCC1 was localized to the tonoplast and conferred phytochelatin-dependent As resistance in yeast. Knockout of <I>OsABCC1</I> in rice resulted in decreased tolerance to As, but did not affect cadmium toxicity. At the reproductive growth stage, the As content was higher in the nodes and in other tissues of wild-type rice than in those of <I>OsABCC1</I> knockout mutants, but was significantly lower in the grain. Taken together, our results indicate that OsABCC1 limits As transport to the grains by sequestering As in the vacuoles of the phloem companion cells of the nodes in rice.</P>
Ischemic enteritis with intestinal stenosis
( Yorimitsu Koshikawa ),( Hiroshi Nakase ),( Minoru Matsuura ),( Takuya Yoshino ),( Yusuke Honzawa ),( Naoki Minami ),( Satoshi Yamada ),( Yumiko Yasuhara ),( Shigehiko Fujii ),( Toshihiro Kusaka ),( 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.1
A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of vomiting and abdominal distension. The patient was taking medication for arrhythmia. Computed tomography showed stenosis of the ileum and a small bowel dilatation on the oral side from the region of stenosis. A transnasal ileus tube was placed. Enteroclysis using contrast medium revealed an approximately 6-cm afferent tubular stenosis 10 cm from the terminal ileum and thumbprinting in the proximal bowel. Transanal double-balloon enteroscopy showed a circumferential shallow ulcer with a smooth margin and edema of the surrounding mucosa. The stenosis was so extensive that we could not perform endoscopic balloon dilation therapy. During hospitalization, the patient’s nutritional status deteriorated. In response, we surgically resected the region of stenosis. Histologic examination revealed disappearance of the mucosal layer and transmural ulceration with marked fibrosis, especially in the submucosal layer. Hemosiderin staining revealed sideroferous cells in the submucosal layers. Based on the pathologic findings, the patient was diagnosed with ischemic enteritis. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. (Intest Res 2016;14:89-95)