살모넬라의 Fimbrial Adhesion Group에 포함되는 Type 1 Fimbriae 유전자 분석

나훈택 ( Hun-taek Na ),정맹식 ( Maeng Sig Joung ),김홍선 ( Hong S. Kim ),이시경 ( Si Kyung Lee ),홍지애 ( J. A. Hong ),김수영 ( Soo Young Kim ) 한국자연치유학회 2017 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.6 No.1-2

본 연구에서는 살모넬라 표준균주 4종과 분리균주 2종을 대상으로 type 1 fimbriae 유전자 fimC, fimD, fimI, fimZ를 각각 비교한 결과 많은 아미노산 변이가 관찰되었다. S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 균주에서 가장 많은 14개의 아미노산 변이가 관찰되었다. 반면 S. typhimurium ATCC 13311 균주에서는 가장 적은 2개의 아미노산 변이가 관찰되었다. 그중에서 유전자 fimC와 fimZ에서는 아미노산 변이가 관찰되지 않았고, fimD와 fimI 유전자에서 Leu527→Pro, Ile130→Val으로 각각 아미노산 변이가 관찰되었다. In this study, a number of amino acid mutations were observed in the type 1 fimbriae genes fimC, fimD, fimI, and fimZ in four Salmonella reference strains and two isolates. S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 strain showed most numerous 14 amino acid variations. On the other hand S. typhimurium ATCC 13311 strain, the least two amino acid variants were observed. Among them, amino acid mutations were not observed in the genes fimC and fimZ, and in the fimD and fimI genes, amino acid variations were observed as Leu527→Pro, Ile130→Val.

Effect of Lansoprazole on 24 Hour Intragastric pH and Acid Secretion in Peptic Ulcer Patients and Healthy Volunteers

Na, J. S 大韓臨床藥理學會 1997 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation during ozonation of N,N-dimethylhydrazine compounds: Reaction kinetics, mechanisms, and implications for NDMA formation control

Lim, S.,Lee, W.,Na, S.,Shin, J.,Lee, Y. Pergamon Press 2016 Water research Vol.105 No.-

Compounds with N,N-dimethylhydrazine moieties ((CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>N-N-) form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during ozonation, but the relevant reaction chemistry is hitherto poorly understood. This study investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of NDMA formation during ozonation of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and daminozide (DMZ) as structural model N,N-dimethylhydrazine compounds. The reaction of ozone with these NDMA precursor compounds was fast, and k<SUB>O3</SUB> at pH 7 was 2 x 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for UDMH and 5 x 10<SUP>5</SUP> M<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for DMZ. Molar NDMA yields (i.e., Δ[NDMA]/Δ[precursor] x 100) were 84% and 100% for UDMH and DMZ, respectively, determined at molar ozone dose ratio ([O<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB>0</SUB>/[precursor]<SUB>0</SUB>) of ≥4 in the presence of tert-butanol as hydroxyl radical (?OH) scavenger. The molar NDMA yields decreased significantly in the absence of tert-butanol, indicating ?OH formation and its subsequent reaction with the parent precursors forming negligible NDMA. The k<SUB>?OH</SUB> at pH 7 was 4.9 x 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> and 3.4 x 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for UDMH and DMZ, respectively. Reaction mechanisms are proposed in which an ozone adduct is formed at the nitrogen next to N,N-dimethylamine which decomposes via homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the -N<SUP>+</SUP>-O-O-O<SUP>-</SUP> bond, forming NDMA as a final product. The heterolytic cleavage pathway explains the significant ?OH formation via radical intermediates. Overall, significant NDMA formation was found to be unavoidable during ozonation or even O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> treatment of waters containing N,N-dimethylhydrazine compounds due to their rapid reaction with ozone forming NDMA with high yield. Thus, source control or pre-treatment of N,N-dimethylhydrazine precursors and post-treatment of NDMA are proposed as the mitigation options.

공작기계용 개방형 HMI Platform 기반 사용자 라이브러리 운용, 관리 모듈 설계

손진호(J. Sohn),조정훈(J. H. Cho),이학철(H. C. Lee),정태근(T. K. Jung),이경태(K. T. Lee),박진욱(J. W. Park),나수인(S. I. Na) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월

공작기계용 개방형 HMI Platform 은 하나의 단일 S/W Application 으로 구성되는 기존의 일반적인 HMI 시스템과 달리, 새로운 S/W Application 을 설치하거나, 기존 Application 이나 기능 혹은 모듈을 삭제할 수 있어 개별 생산 제조 현장에 최적화된 공작기계 사용 환경을 구성할 수 있다. 또한, 단위 기능이나 모듈을 라이브러리 형태로 만들고 이를 설치하여 다른 App 들이 공용으로 사용할 수 있는 기능을 제공할 수 있도록 지원한다. 이를 위해 공작기계용 개방형 HMI Platform 은 사용자 라이브러리를 설치 및 삭제할 수 있는 기능을 제공하며, 일관된 인터페이스와 데이터 교환 모델을 통해 손쉽게 주요 정보를 교환하고 이를 처리한 결과를 수용할 수 있도록 지원한다. 이 뿐만 아니라, 라이선스 관리 기능을 함께 제공하여 라이브러리에 대한 접근 권한 관리 기능도 지원한다. S/W Application 을 자유롭게 설치. 삭제할 수 있도록 함으로써 HMI 사용환경을 최적화할 수 있는 것과 마찬가지로 라이브러리를 설치 삭제함으로써 단위 App 의 기능을 확장하거나 최적화할 수 있게 지원하여 공작기계 HMI 환경을 좀 더 세밀하게 최적화 할 수 있는 수단을 제공한다 또한 각종 App 들이 공통으로 사용할 수 있는 필수 기능들을 라이브러리 형태로 제공함에 따라 공작기계용 S/W Application 개발을 활성화할 수 있으며, 라이선스 관리 기능 지원을 통해 라이브러리를 통한 과금 정책 운영의 수단을 제공함으로써 개방형 HMI 플랫폼 기반 소프트웨어 생태계 조성의 기반을 갖추게 된다.

Creep Behavior of Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.1Fe-0.1Cu Alloy

Kim, J.Y.,Na, K.S.,Kim, Y.D.,Kim, J.H.,Lee, K.Y.,Kim, K.N.,Kim, S.J. Huazhong University of Science and Technology ; Pe 2008 Acta mechanica solida sinica Vol.21 No.4

Creep behavior of the Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.1Fe-0.1Cu alloy sheet is investigated from 300<SUP>o</SUP>C to 400<SUP>o</SUP>C in the stress range from 50 MPa to 180 MPa along the rolling direction. The measured strain rates range from 8.8 x 10<SUP>-10</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> to 4.7 x 10<SUP>-7</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The activation energies are estimated to assess the creep deformation mechanisms in this alloy. The strain rate is slightly di erent at low stress, while it shows a distinct di erence at high stresses. Stress exponents of this alloy increase with increasing applied stress at all testing temperatures. It is concluded that the creep deformation of the Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.1Fe-0.1Cu alloy is controlled by the di usion creep at low stress region and by the climbing of dislocations at high stress region.

Effect of Si interlayer thickness and post-metallization annealing on Ge MOS capacitor on Ge-on-Si substrate

Yoo, O.S.,Oh, J.,Kang, C.Y.,Lee, B.H.,Han, I.S.,Choi, W.H.,Kwon, H.M.,Na, M.K.,Majhi, P.,Tseng, H.H.,Jammy, R.,Wang, J.S.,Lee, H.D. Elsevier Sequoia 2008 Materials science & engineering. B, Advanced funct Vol.154 No.-

We demonstrated the effect of post-metallization annealing and Si interlayer thickness on Ge MOS capacitor on Ge-on-Si substrate with HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/TaN. Ge outdiffusion and oxygen interdiffusion were completely suppressed by thick Si interfacial layer. As a result, formation of insufficient low-k Ge oxides was effectively inhibited. It is confirmed that gate current of Si passivated Ge MOS was decreased by Si IL and decrease of gate current, J<SUB>g</SUB> is saturated after Si IL of 2nm. It was also observed that when Si IL is thick enough to restrict Ge outdiffusion, increase of J<SUB>g</SUB> is not due to the temperature-induced Ge outdiffusion but due to the partial crystallization of HfO<SUB>2</SUB> at higher annealing temperature.

약용 식물 가공 부산물의 첨가가 산란계의 생산성 및 난질에 미치는 영향

김지혁,나재천,김상호,장병귀,강희설,이덕수,이상진,좌승협,Kim J.H.,Na J.C.,Kim S.H.,Jang B.G.,Kang H.S.,Lee D.S.,Lee S.J.,Jwa S.H. 한국가금학회 2006 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

본 실험은 약용 식물 가공 부산물의 산란계에 대한 급여 효과를 시험하기 위해 수행되었다. 95주령의 산란계 560수를 7처리 4반복으로 반복당 20수씩 배치하여 12주간 사육하면서 동충하초, 인진쑥, 울금 가공 부산물을 각각 1.5%, 3.0% 를 사료에 혼합 급여하였다. 산란율은 전 기간에 걸쳐 처리 구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 사료 섭취량과 평균 난중도 영향을 받지 않았다. 난각 두께, 난각 강도, 난각 색, 난황색에 있어서도 역시 처리구간 유의차가 나타나지 않았으나, Haugh unit 에 있어서는 대조구에 비해 모든 약용식 물 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 실험 결과를 종합할 때, 동충하초, 인진쑥, 울금 가공 부산물을 산란계 사료 내 $1.5{\sim}3.0%$ 첨가 급여시 사료 섭취량, 산란율에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, Haugh unit 에 있어서 유의적으로 향상되는 결과를 나타내어 고품질 계란 생산 및 약용식물 가공 부산물의 사료 자원화 가능성을 보여주었다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of medicinal plant by-products on productivity and egg quality in laying hens. A total of five hundred sixty laying hens was randomly distributed into 7 treatments with 4 replicates of 20 birds per replicate and fed com-soy based experimental diets containing 1.5% and 3.0% by-products of Cordyceps militaris, Artemisia capillaris and Curcuma aromatica S., respectively for 12 weeks. Egg production was not significantly different among treatments. Haugh unit was significantly increased in all treatments compared to control(p<0.05). There was no difference among the treatments in egg shell breaking strength, shell thickness, and yolk color. In conclusion, three medicinal by-products used in this experiment did not affect feed intake, egg production and showed positive effect on Haugh unit when they used $1.5{\sim}3.0%$ of feed.

Biochemical Properties of a Novel Cysteine Protease of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> , Vivapain-4

Na, Byoung-Kuk,Bae, Young-An,Zo, Young-Gun,Choe, Youngchool,Kim, Seon-Hee,Desai, Prashant V.,Avery, Mitchell A.,Craik, Charles S.,Kim, Tong-Soo,Rosenthal, Philip J.,Kong, Yoon Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.4 No.10

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Multiple cysteine proteases of malaria parasites are required for maintenance of parasite metabolic homeostasis and egress from the host erythrocyte. In <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> these proteases appear to mediate the processing of hemoglobin and aspartic proteases (plasmepsins) in the acidic food vacuole and the hydrolysis of erythrocyte structural proteins at neutral pH. Two cysteine proteases, vivapain (VX)-2 and VX-3 have been characterized in <I>P. vivax</I>, but comprehensive studies of <I>P. vivax</I> cysteine proteases remain elusive.</P><P><B>Findings</B></P><P>We characterized a novel cysteine protease of <I>P. vivax</I>, VX-4, of which orthologs appears to have evolved differentially in primate plasmodia with strong cladistic affinity toward those of rodent <I>Plasmodium</I>. Recombinant VX-4 demonstrated dual substrate specificity depending on the surrounding micro-environmental pH. Its hydrolyzing activity against benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (Z-Leu-Arg-MCA) and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA was highest at acidic pH (5.5), whereas that against Z-Arg-Arg-MCA was maximal at neutral pH (6.5–7.5). VX-4 preferred positively charged amino acids and Gln at the P1 position, with less strict specificity at P3 and P4. P2 preferences depended on pH (Leu at pH 5.5 and Arg at pH 7.5). Three amino acids that delineate the S2 pocket were substituted in VX-4 compared to VX-2 and VX-3 (Ala90, Gly157 and Glu180). Replacement of Glu180 abolished activity against Z-Arg-Arg-MCA at neutral pH, indicating the importance of this amino acid in the pH-dependent substrate preference. VX-4 was localized in the food vacuoles and cytoplasm of the erythrocytic stage of <I>P. vivax</I>. VX-4 showed maximal activity against actin at neutral pH, and that against <I>P. vivax</I> plasmepsin 4 and hemoglobin was detected at neutral/acidic and acidic pH, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>VX-4 demonstrates pH-dependent substrate switching, which might offer an efficient mechanism for the specific cleavage of different substrates in different intracellular environments. VX-4 might function as a hemoglobinase in the acidic parasite food vacuole, a maturase of <I>P. vivax</I> plasmepsin 4 at neutral or acidic pH, and a cytoskeleton-degrading protease in the neutral erythrocyte cytosol.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><I>Plasmodium vivax</I> affects hundreds of millions each year and results in severe morbidity and mortality. Plasmodial cysteine proteases (CPs) play crucial roles during the progression of malaria since inhibition of these molecules impairs parasite growth. These CPs might be targeted for new antimalarial drugs. We characterized a novel <I>P. vivax</I> CP, vivapain-4 (VX-4), which appeared to evolve differentially among primate <I>Plasmodium</I> species. VX-4 showed highly unique substrate preference depending on surrounding micro-environmental pH. It effectively hydrolyzed benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (Z-Leu-Arg-MCA) and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA at acidic pH and Z-Arg-Arg-MCA at neutral pH. Three amino acids (Ala90, Gly157 and Glu180) that delineate the S2 pocket were found to be substituted in VX-4. Alteration of Glu180 abolished hydrolytic activity against Z-Arg-Arg-MCA at neutral pH, indicating Glu180 is intimately involved in the pH-dependent substrate preference. VX-4 hydrolyzed actin at neutral pH and hemoglobin at acidic pH, and participated in plasmepsin 4 activation at neutral/acidic pH. VX-4 was localized in the food vacuoles and cytoplasm of the erythrocytic stage of <I>P. vivax</I>. The differential substrate preferences depending on pH suggested a highly efficient mechanism to enlarge biological implications of VX-4, including hemoglobin degradation, maturation of plasmepsin, and remodeling of the parasite architecture during growth and development of <I>P. vivax</I>.</P></▼2>

Fluorescent chemosensor based-on the combination of julolidine and furan for selective detection of zinc ion

Na, Y.J.,Hwang, I.H.,Jo, H.Y.,Lee, S.A.,Park, G.J.,Kim, C. Elsevier 2013 Inorganic Chemistry Communications Vol.35 No.-

A new sensor 1-[[(2-furanylmethyl)imino]methyl]-2-hydroxyjulolidine (1) based on the combination of julolidine and furan groups was designed and synthesized as a Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> selective fluorescent chemosensor. Upon treatment with zinc ions, the complexation of 1 with Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> exhibited a pronounced enhancement in the fluorescence emission in methanol, while many other ions such as Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Co<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ag<SUP>+</SUP>, had no influence. Notably, this chemosensor could distinguish clearly Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> from Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. The 1:1 binding mode of the 1-Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> complex was drawn, based on UV-vis titration, fluorescence titration, Job plot and ESI-mass spectrometry analysis.

A new Schiff-based chemosensor for chromogenic sensing of Cu2+, Co2+ and S2- in aqueous solution: experimental and theoretical studies

Min, C.,Na, S.,Shin, J.,Kim, J.,Jo, T.,Kim, C. CNRS 2017 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.41 No.10

<P>A new Schiff-based multifunctional colorimetric chemosensor 1 was developed for the detection of various analytes (Cu2+, Co2+ and S2-). Sensor 1 could simply monitor Cu2+ and Co2+ via the naked eye in an aqueous environment. The quite low detection limits were found to be 0.19 mu M for Cu2+ and 0.18 mu M for Co2+, which were much lower than the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for Cu2+ (31.5 mu M) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Co2+ (17 mu M). Importantly, 1 showed high preferential selectivity for Cu2+ and Co2+ over competitive metal ions. For practical applications, the sensing abilities of 1 for detecting Cu2+ and Co2+ were examined in real water samples. In addition, 1 exhibited high selectivity for S2- even in the presence of other anions without any interference. Moreover, the sensing mechanisms of 1 toward Cu2+, Co2+ and S2- were explained by theoretical calculations.</P>