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Muhammad Amir,Tahir Fazal,Javed Iqbal,Aamir Alaud Din,Ashfaq Ahmed,Asim Ali,Abdul Razzaq,Zulfiqar Ali,Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman,박영권 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.115 No.-
The expensive carbonaceous substrates including graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubeshave been coupled with ZnO to improve the properties and photocatalytic performance of carbon basedZnO photocatalysts. To replace these expensive materials, biochar offers as a low-cost alternative to preparebiochar-based photocatalysts. In this study, Calotropis gigantea leaves derived biochar-ZnO (BC-ZnO)composites were synthesized to overcome the ZnO related problems (charge recombination, wider bandgap, and poor visible light absorption). Different BC-ZnO (BCZ-1–3) composites were characterized toevaluate their intrinsic properties and composites were employed to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP). BCZ-3composite exhibited slower recombination of electron-hole pairs, lower band gap (2.97 eV), and betterlight absorption in visible region than ZnO. The enhanced adsorptive-photocatalytic degradation efficiencywas attained up to 98.5% using BCZ-3 than BC (46.2%) and ZnO (41.4%). The O2 and OH radicalswithin BCZ-3 are dominant reactive species indulged in CIP photocatalytic degradation. BCZ-3 photocatalystexhibits 80% degradation of CIP after four regeneration cycles. The maximum adsorption capacitywas achieved 54.18 mg g1 for BCZ-3 than BC (46.20 mg g1) and ZnO (15.55 mg g1). The results showthat BCZ-X composites can be used as stable, efficient, economical, and sustainable composite for therecovery of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Pakistan
Daniyal, Muhammad,Ahmad, Saeed,Ahmad, Mukhtiar,Asif, Hafiz Muhammad,Akram, Muhammad,Rehman, Saif Ur,Sultana, Sabira Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12
Gastric cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among all cancers and is the 4th most common cancer in the world. The number of deaths due to gastric cancer is about 800,000 annually. Gastric cancer is more common in men as compared to women and is 3rd most common cancer after colorectal and breast cancers in women. A progressive rise in the incidence rate has been observed in females over the last 5 years. The highest incidence of stomach cancer is in China, South America and Eastern Europe. The incidence of gastric cancer has 20 fold variation worldwide. Global variation is linked by two factors which play important role in developing gastric cancer. One is infection with Helicobacter pylori and the $2^{nd}$ is diet. South Asia is a region with low risk, despite a high prevalence of H.pylori. Gastric carcinoma is common in southern region of India. Gastric cancer is more readily treated if diagnosed early. This study aims to provide awareness about gastric cancer as well as an updated knowledge about risk factors and epidemiology of gastric cancer in Pakistan.
Optimization of twin gear-based pretreatment of rice straw for bioethanol production
Ahmed, Muhammad Ajaz,Rehman, Muhammd Saif Ur,Terá,n-Hilares, Ruly,Khalid, Saira,Han, Jong-In Elsevier 2017 Energy conversion and management Vol.141 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A laboratory twin-gear reactor (TGR) was investigated as a new means for the pretreatment of high solid lignocelluloses. Response surface methodology based on Box Behnken Design was used to optimize the enzymatic digestibility with respect to the pretreatment process variables: temperature of 50–90°C, NaOH concentration of 2–6% and no. of cycles of 30–60. The results revealed that the TGR-based pretreatment led to the significant structural alterations through increases in pore size, pore volume, cellulose crystallinity and surface area. SEM images also confirmed the surface modifications in the pretreated rice straw. A response surface quadratic model predicted 90% of the enzymatic digestibility, and it was confirmed experimentally and through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well. The TGR extrusion proved to be an effective means for exceedingly high solids lignocellulose.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Twin gear reactor is a continuous high solids pretreatment reactor. </LI> <LI> RSM was applied to optimize twin gear pretreatment for enzymatic digestibility. </LI> <LI> 89% enzymatic digestibility was achieved under optimum conditions. </LI> <LI> Thermomechanical pretreatment altered the structural features of rice straw. </LI> </UL> </P>
Mushtaq, Azeem,Cho, Hoon,Ahmed, Muhammad Ajaz,Rehman, Muhammad Saif Ur,Han, Jong-In Elsevier 2019 Journal of membrane science Vol.590 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, a new method of fabricating highly electro-conductive membranes, namely electroplating, was developed and its product performance was examined via microalgae harvesting. In this method, a layer of silver nanowires (AgNWs) was first vacuum-deposited on a poly(ether sulfone) support, followed by electroplating of silver layer. The electroplated membrane (C-AgNWs) found to exhibit surpassingly enhanced electrical conductivity (3.9 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> S/cm) and a satisfactory level of mechanical stability under prolonged filtration. When microalgae, <I>Chlorella</I> sp. HS-2, was harvested via electro-filtration, the membrane exhibited the intended effect of fouling mitigation, both in continuous and intermittent electric fields. This was attributed to the enhanced electrostatic repulsive forces between foulants and membrane along with in-situ electro-bubble generation from the membrane, reducing the overall blockage of the membrane surface. The intermittent mode was able to effectively mitigate fouling and recover flux to its initial level, with the effect compromised in successive steps. The continuous mode, however, did not display such performance degradation over time, but an increase of 480% in permeate flux at 20 V/mm. All this supported that the electroplating can serve as a promising route for the sake of fabricating the workable electro-membranes, conductive membranes that have boundless application potentials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Electroplating can be a useful method for workable electro-membrane fabrication. </LI> <LI> Highly electro-conductive (3.9 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> S/cm) yet stable electro-membrane can be synthesized by this method. </LI> <LI> The AgNWs-based electroplated membrane can be used for efficient microalgae harvesting. </LI> <LI> The fabricated membrane can exhibit good antifouling property in continuous and intermittent modes of electro-filtration. </LI> </UL> </P>