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Ghulam Sarwar,Muhammad Ibrahim,Mukkram Ali Tahir,Yasir Iftikhar,Muhammad Sajjad Haider,Noor-us-Sabah,한경화,하상건,장용선 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Salt-affected soils are present in Pakistan in significant quantity. This experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of compost for reclamation and compare its efficiency with gypsum. For this purpose,various combinations of compost and gypsum were used to evaluate their efficacy for reclamation. A saline-sodic field having pHs 8.90, ECe 5.94 dS m^–1 and SAR 34.5 (mmol L^–1)^1/2, SP (saturation percentage)42.29% and texture Sandy clay loam, gypsum requirement (GR) 8.75 Mg ha^–1 was selected for this study. The experiment comprised of seven treatments (control, gypsum alone, compost alone and different combinations of compost and gypsum based on soil gypsum requirements). Inorganic and organic amendments (gypsum and compost) were applied to a saline sodic soil. Rice and wheat crops were grown. Soil samples were collected from each treatment after the harvest of both crops and analyzed for chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) and fertility status (organic matter,available phosphorus and potassium contents) of soil. Results of this study revealed that compost and gypsum improved chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) of saline sodic soil to the desired levels. Similarly, all parameters of soil fertility like organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents were built up with the application of compost and gypsum.
Hybrid Indoor Position Estimation using K-NN and MinMax
( Fazli Subhan ),( Shakeel Ahmed ),( Sajjad Haider ),( Sajid Saleem ),( Asfandyar Khan ),( Salman Ahmed ),( Muhammad Numan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.9
Due to the rapid advancement in smart phones, numerous new specifications are developed for variety of applications ranging from health monitoring to navigations and tracking. The word indoor navigation means location identification, however, where GPS signals are not available, accurate indoor localization is a challenging task due to variation in the received signals which directly affect distance estimation process. This paper proposes a hybrid approach which integrates fingerprinting based K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) and lateration based MinMax position estimation technique. The novel idea behind this hybrid approach is to use Euclidian distance formulation for distance estimates instead of indoor radio channel modeling which is used to convert the received signal to distance estimates. Due to unpredictable behavior of the received signal, modeling indoor environment for distance estimates is a challenging task which ultimately results in distance estimation error and hence affects position estimation process. Our proposed idea is indoor position estimation technique using Bluetooth enabled smart phones which is independent of the radio channels. Experimental results conclude that, our proposed hybrid approach performs better in terms of mean error compared to Trilateration, MinMax, K-NN, and existing Hybrid approach.
Sarwar, Ghulam,Ibrahim, Muhammad,Tahir, Mukkram Ali,Iftikhar, Yasir,Haider, Muhammad Sajjad,Noor-Us-Sabah, Noor-Us-Sabah,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Ha, Sang-Keun,Zhang, Yong-Seon Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Salt-affected soils are present in Pakistan in significant quantity. This experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of compost for reclamation and compare its efficiency with gypsum. For this purpose, various combinations of compost and gypsum were used to evaluate their efficacy for reclamation. A saline-sodic field having $pH_s$ 8.90, $EC_e$ $5.94dS\;m^{-1}$ and SAR $34.5(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, SP (saturation percentage) 42.29% and texture Sandy clay loam, gypsum requirement (GR) $8.75Mg\;ha^{-1}$ was selected for this study. The experiment comprised of seven treatments (control, gypsum alone, compost alone and different combinations of compost and gypsum based on soil gypsum requirements). Inorganic and organic amendments (gypsum and compost) were applied to a saline sodic soil. Rice and wheat crops were grown. Soil samples were collected from each treatment after the harvest of both crops and analyzed for chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) and fertility status (organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents) of soil. Results of this study revealed that compost and gypsum improved chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) of saline sodic soil to the desired levels. Similarly, all parameters of soil fertility like organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents were built up with the application of compost and gypsum.
Efficiency of Various Nutritional Sources to Improve Physical Properties of Saline-Sodic Soil
Noor-us-Sabah,Ghulam Sarwar,Muhammad Ibrahim,Mukkram Ali Tahir,Yasir Iftikhar,Muhammad Sajjad Haider,Kyung-Hwa Han,Sang-Keun Ha,Yong-Seon Zhang 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various inorganic and organic materials to improve physical properties of soil. Saline sodic soil (saturation percentage = 40.36%, ECe = 5.15 dS m<SUP>?1</SUP>, pH8 = 8.70, SAR = 18.84 (m mol L<SUP>?1</SUP>)<SUP>1/2</SUP>, bulk density = 1.49 Mg m<SUP>?3</SUP>) was collected, brought to wire house and filled in pots after laboratory analysis for various parameters. Different sources of organic nutrients like farm manure (FM), press mud, compost, poultry manure and sesbania green manure were analyzed for their chemical composition. The experiment comprised of 12 treatments replicated thrice; T1: control (recommended NPK), T2:½ recommended NPK, T3: FM at 1.5% by soil weight, T4: pressmud at 1.5% by soil weight, T5: compost at 1.5% by soil weight, T6: poultry manure at 1.5% by soil weight, T7: sesbania green manure at 1.5% by soil weight, T8: T2 + FM at 0.75% by soil weight, T9: T2 + pressmud at 0.75% by soil weight, T10: T2 + compost at 0.75% by soil weight, T11: T2 + poultry manure at 0.75% by soil weight, T12: T2 + sesbania green manure at 0.75% by soil weight. These treatments were applied using completely randomized (CR) design and appropriate time was given to decompose these organic nutritional sources. Seeds of wheat cultivar Sahar-2006 were sown. After harvesting the wheat, soil samples were collected from each pot and analyzed for various physical properties like bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage. An improvement in physical properties (bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage) of soil was noticed with the application of various organic nutritional sources but role of compost alone (T5) remained prominent.
Efficiency of Various Nutritional Sources to Improve Physical Properties of Saline-Sodic Soil
Noor-Us-Sabah, Noor-Us-Sabah,Sarwar, Ghulam,Ibrahim, Muhammad,Tahir, Mukkram Ali,Iftikhar, Yasir,Haider, Muhammad Sajjad,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Ha, Sang-Keun,Zhang, Yong-Seon Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various inorganic and organic materials to improve physical properties of soil. Saline sodic soil (saturation percentage = 40.36%, $EC_e=5.15dS\;m^{-1}$, $pH_s=8.70$, $SAR=18.84(m\;mol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, bulk density =$1.49Mg\;m^{-3}$) was collected, brought to wire house and filled in pots after laboratory analysis for various parameters. Different sources of organic nutrients like farm manure (FM), press mud, compost, poultry manure and sesbania green manure were analyzed for their chemical composition. The experiment comprised of 12 treatments replicated thrice; $T_1$: control (recommended NPK), $T_2:{\frac{1}{2}}$ recommended NPK, $T_3$: FM at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_4$: pressmud at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_5$: compost at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_6$: poultry manure at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_7$: sesbania green manure at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_8:T_2$ + FM at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_9:T_2$ + pressmud at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{10}:T_2$ + compost at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{11}:T_2$ + poultry manure at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{12}:T_2$ + sesbania green manure at 0.75% by soil weight. These treatments were applied using completely randomized (CR) design and appropriate time was given to decompose these organic nutritional sources. Seeds of wheat cultivar Sahar-2006 were sown. After harvesting the wheat, soil samples were collected from each pot and analyzed for various physical properties like bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage. An improvement in physical properties (bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage) of soil was noticed with the application of various organic nutritional sources but role of compost alone ($T_5$) remained prominent.