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Mariyam,Muhammad Shafiq,Muhammad Haseeb,Rana Muhammad Atif,Syed Agha Armaghan Asad Abbas Naqvi,Numan Ali,Muhammad Arshad Javed,Fizza Gillani,Muhammad Saleem Haider 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.6
DNA binding with one fi nger (Dof) proteins are encoded by a ubiquitous plant-specifi c transcription factor gene family thatplays a critical role in various biological processes including fruit ripening and organogenesis. The wild olive ( Olea europaeavar. sylvestris v1.0 ) genome was used to identify Dof gene family members using a set of bioinformatics tools. Gene structure,chromosome locations, phylogeny, protein motifs, miRNA targets and tissue-specifi c expression patterns were analyzed. Here, we identifi ed 51 potential Dof genes unevenly distributed on all chromosomes and a few scaff olds. Dof proteins in oliveclustered into eight subgroups (D1, B2, C3, C2.2, C1, C2.1, B1, and A) based on the established Arabidopsis classifi cation. The prevalence of segmental duplication was observed as compared to tandem duplication, and this was the main factorunderlying the expansion of the Dof gene family in olive. Tissue-specifi c expression profi ling of Oeu Dof genes revealed thatthe majority of Oeu Dof genes were highly expressed in fl owers, stem and meristem tissues. In seed and meristem tissues,cis-regulatory element (CRE) analysis revealed the presence of elements that are specifi cally responsive to light, circadian,auxin, and ABA. In addition, a comparative analysis between Dof genes in olive and Arabidopsis revealed eight groups orsub-families, although the C3 group of Arabidopsis was not represented in olive. This extensive genome evaluation of theDof gene family in olive presents a reference for cloning and functional analysis of the members of this gene family.
A Multi-layer Parallel Crack Extension Model for Deformational Response of Post-installed Anchor
Muhammad Saleem,Asad Ullah Qazi,Asif Hameed,Muhammad Aun Bashir 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.5
A simultaneous crack extension pull-out model for post-installed anchor bar is presented. The anchor bar is such that used in various strengthening techniques to strengthen reinforced concrete structures. The properties of the infill material used for postinstalled anchor bar are characterized by a nonlinear interface between the surrounding concrete and the anchor bar. This is a new type of anchor-infill assembly in which the infill material is divided into two layers for the purpose of providing a larger failure path length resulting in increase of the energy absorption and pull-out load capacity. The mechanical properties of the infill layer are different from the surrounding concrete. Therefore the existing pull-out model of deformed bars cannot be applied directly in this case. The interfacial de-bonding is examined by the strength criterion expressed in terms of interfacial shear stress. Pre-existing cracks representing artificial notches are assumed at the top of infill layers for identifying crack location and stabilizing its propagation direction. All the possibilities associated with two-cracks in the close vicinity have been investigated in detail. The objective of the analysis is to predict a set of material properties which result in simultaneous crack extension at the two interfaces and also to identify a simultaneous crack extension length which results in increasing the pull-out load capacity, increase in energy absorption and increased failure path length but achieved at lowest increase in pull-out deformation thereby proving the effectiveness of two-layer model. Limiting the pull-out deformation is desirable from the point of view of limiting damage.
A Smooth Integral Sliding Mode Controller and Disturbance Estimator Design
Muhammad Asad,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti,Sohail Iqbal,Yame Asfia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2015 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.13 No.6
Integral sliding mode control eliminates the reaching phase of the traditional sliding mode and is therefore robust from the start. However, the phenomenon of chattering inherent to the sliding mode control technique is not eradicated and may result in chattering at the control input. In this work a novel integral sliding mode controller is formulated where the discontinuous control law is based on inverse hyperbolic function and provides variable gain which is a function of the sliding manifold. As the system states converge towards the surface the gain of the discontinuous controller reduces and results in relatively smoother control effort at the steady state. The proposed controller is robust against parameter variations, perturbations and is also used for the disturbance estimation and rejection. Stability of the proposed controller is proved with the help of Lyapunov method. The proposed controller is used to design the controllers for two different problems. The DC motor speed control where the chattering elimination and disturbance cancellation are shown with the help of simulations. In the second problem a digital phase locked loop is designed by using proposed controller where the phenomenon of oscillator pulling is eradicated by the rejection of the injection tone which is treated as a disturbance. Experimental results show eradication of the chattering phenomenon as well as the disturbance.
Muhammad ASAD,Mueen Aizaz ZAFAR,Aymen SAJJAD 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2
The impact of supervisory communication apprehension (SCA) on subordinates’ job performance was investigated in this study. We also examined the impact of task-related uncertainty in mediating the relationship between SCA and subordinate work performance, as well as the role of information-seeking behavior in moderating the relationship between task-related uncertainty and subordinate job performance. A sample of subordinates and their supervisors from public and private sector enterprises in Pakistan were used in the study. The concept of communication apprehension is not limited to a single organization or industry, and the conditions suggest that apprehensive supervisors are likely to exist in different organizations and industries in Pakistan, including banks, telecommunications, and development sector organizations. Company directors and leaders of human resources departments were contacted to reach out to possible respondents. SmartPLS software was used to evaluate the data using a structural equation modeling technique which is commonly used in explanatory studies (Atta et al., 2021). We found evidence to support ideas predicting the association between SCA and subordinate job performance, as well as the mediating role of task-related ambiguity in the relationship. Furthermore, the findings show that information-seeking activity has a moderating effect on the link between task-related ambiguity and subordinate job performance. This is one of the first studies to look at major mediating and moderating mechanisms in the link between SCA and subordinate job performance.
Chattering and Stability Analysis of the Sliding Mode Control Using Inverse Hyperbolic Function
Muhammad Asad,Muhammad Ashraf,Sohail Iqbal,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.6
Chattering is a known issue in sliding mode control (SMC) and much research has been carried out tomitigate the chattering and its effects. In this work the chattering and stability analysis of the inverse hyperbolicfunction (IHF) based reaching law (RL) has been carried out. The work mathematically formulates the reachingtime and calculates the describing function (DF) for the IHF based RL, which is used to formulate the conditions forchattering avoidance. The bound for the gain of RL has been calculated that will result in the chattering avoidance. Finally the proposed scheme has been used to control the speed of DC motor. Experimental results show avoidanceof chattering and reduction in the reaching time.