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Mohamed, Badr A.,Ellis, Naoko,Kim, Chang Soo,Bi, Xiaotao,Emam, Ahmed El-raie Elsevier 2016 Science of the Total Environment Vol.566 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Engineered biochars produced from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of switchgrass have been evaluated in terms of their ability on improving water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility of loamy sand soil. The addition of K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>, clinoptilolite and/or bentonite as catalysts during the pyrolysis process increased biochar surface area and plant nutrient contents. Adding biochar produced with 10wt.% K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> +10 wt.% clinoptilolite as catalysts to the soil at 2wt% load increased soil WHC by 98% and 57% compared to the treatments without biochar (control) and with 10wt.% clinoptilolite, respectively. Synergistic effects on increased soil WHC were manifested for biochars produced from combinations of two additives compared to single additive, which may be the result of increased biochar microporosity due to increased microwave heating rate. Biochar produced from microwave catalytic pyrolysis was more efficient in increasing the soil WHC due to its high porosity in comparison with the biochar produced from conventional pyrolysis at the same conditions. The increases in soil CEC varied widely compared to the control soil, ranging from 17 to 220% for the treatments with biochars produced with 10wt% clinoptilolite at 400°C, and 30wt% K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> at 300°C, respectively. Strong positive correlations also exist among soil WHC with CEC and biochar micropore area. Biochar from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis appears to be a novel approach for producing biochar with high sorption affinity and high CEC. These catalysts remaining in the biochar product would provide essential nutrients for the growth of bioenergy and food crops.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High quality biochar was made by catalytic pyrolysis in a microwave reactor. </LI> <LI> High heating rate and good biochar quality were achieved using K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> and clinoptilolite mixture. </LI> <LI> Biochars showed significant increase in soil WHC and CEC. </LI> <LI> Microwave catalytic pyrolysis can produce efficient biochar at low temperature (300°C). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Synthesis of Certain 6-(Arylthio)uracils and Related Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Agents
El-Emam, Ali A.,Massoud, Mohamed A.M.,El-Bendary, Eman R.,El-Sayed, Magda A. Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.7
New series of 6-(arylthio)uracils, 6-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)uracils, 2,4,5-trioxo-1H,3H-benzothiopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 5-aryl-2,4-dioxo-1H,3H-pyrimido[5,4-f]benzo[1,4]thiazepines have been prepared and screened for their in vitro activity against herpes simplex-1 virus (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). The in vitro cytotoxic activity was also evaluated. The results of biological testing revealed that compound 5b showed marginal activity against HSV-1, while compounds 5b and 5f exhibited marginal activity against HIV-1. The rest of the tested compounds were found devoid of antiviral activity against both HSV-1 and HIV-1.
Moustafa, Mohamed A.,El-Emam, Ali A.,Abdelal, Ali M.,Metwally, Mohammed E.S. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1991 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.14 No.1
(R) (+) and (S) (-) $4-^2H$-phenytoin have been used as substrates for the determination of the percentage of deuterium retention (NIH shift) after para-hydroxylation of the substrates in rat. By using GC-MS analyses, the percentages of deuterium retention were found to be 69% and 70% for the (R) and (S) phenyl rings, respectively. The results add additional evidence for the involvement of arene oxide in the oxidation of the pro (R) and pro (S) phenyls of phenytoin. The oxidation process of each ring could be mediated by independent enzyme systems, a rapid oxidative enzyme for the pro (S) phenyl and a slow oxidative enzyme for the pro (R) phenyl.
Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat,Amany Sayed Maghraby,Mogeda Emam Heiba,Andreas Ruppel,Omar Abd-elfattah Mohamed Fathalla 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.9
5-Substituted 4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine were synthesized by interaction of 4- oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide with some aldehydes to give the corresponding Schiff-bases, which after cyclization gave corresponding thiazolidinones. For some of the thiazolidinones, Mannich bases reaction was carried out. All the derivatives were tested for their possible inhibitory effect on Schistosoma mansoni cercarial elastase (CE). Only, N'-(4-methylbenzyledine)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide was found to have potent inhibitory effect on the CE activity with IC50 = 264 µM. Upon its use as a paint for mice tails before infection with S. mansoni cercariae, the compound formulated in jojoba oil caused a significant reduction (93%; P-value = 0.0002) in the worm burden. IgG & IgM in mice sera were measured by using several S. mansoni antigens by ELISA. Sera from treated infected mice (TIM) 2, 4, and 6 weeks (W) post infection (PI) showed 1.2 folds lower, 1.2 folds higher, 1.7 folds lower IgM reactivity against soluble cercarial antigenic preparation (CAP), respectively, when compared with sera collected from infected untreated mice (IUM). Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.3, 1.6, and 1.7 folds higher IgG reactivity, respectively against CAP than the IgG reactivity from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4 and 6WPI showed 1.5, 1.2 folds lower and 1.4 folds higher IgM reactivity, respectively against soluble worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) when compared with sera collected from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.4, 1 folds lower and 1 fold higher IgG reactivity, respectivley to SWAP when compared with sera from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI had generaly lower IgM and IgG reactivities against soluble egg antigen (SEA) when compared with sera from IUM.
Enhanced extraction of copper and nickel based on the Egyptian Abu Swayeil copper ore
Somia T. Mohamed,Abeer A. Emam,Wael M. Fathy,Amany R. Salem,Amr B. ElDeeb 한국분석과학회 2024 분석과학 Vol.37 No.1
The continuous increasing of the global demand of copper and nickel metals raises the interest indeveloping alternative technologies to produce them from copper sulfide ore. Also, in line with Egypt's vision2030 for achieving the sustainable socioeconomic development which aims at developing alternative and ecofriendlytechnologies for processing the Egyptian ores to produce these strategic products instead of its importing. These metals enhance the advanced electrical and electronic industries. The current work aims at investigatingthe recovery of copper and nickel from Abu Swayeil copper ore using pug leaching technique by sulfuric acid. The factors affecting the pug leaching process including the sulfuric acid concentration, leaching time andtemperature have been investigated. The copper ore sample was characterized chemically using X-rayfluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). A response surface methodology developsa quadratic model that expects the nickel and copper leaching effectiveness as a function of three controllingfactors involved in the procedure of leaching was also investigated. The obtained results showed that themaximum dissolution efficiency of Ni and Cu are 99.06 % and 95.30%, respectively which was obtained atthe following conditions: 15 % H2SO4 acid concentration for 6 hr. at 250 ℃. The dissolution kinetics of nickeland copper that were examined according to heterogeneous model, indicated that the dissolution rates werecontrolled by surface chemical process during the pug leaching. The activation energy of copper and nickeldissolution were 26.79 kJ.mol−1 and 38.078 kJ.mol−1 respectively; and the surface chemical was proposed asthe leaching rate-controlling step.
Bahgat Mahmoud Mohamed,Maghraby Amany Sayed,Heiba Mogeda Emam,Ruppel Andreas,Fathalla Omar Abd-elfattah Mohamed The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.9
5-Substituted 4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine were synthesized by interaction of 4oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide with some aldehydes to give the corresponding Schiff-bases, which after cyclization gave corresponding thiazolidinones. For some of the thiazolidinones, Mannich bases reaction was carried out. All the derivatives were tested for their possible inhibitory effect on Schistosoma mansoni cercarial elastase (CE). Only, N'-(4-methylbenzyledine)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2 ,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide was found to have potent inhibitory effect on the CE activity with $IC_{50} = 264{\mu}M.$ Upon its use as a paint for mice tails before infection with S. mansoni cercariae, the compound formulated in jojoba oil caused a significant reduction ($93\%$; P-value = 0.0002) in the worm burden. IgG & IgM in mice sera were measured by using several S. mansoni antigens by ELISA. Sera from treated infected mice (TIM) 2, 4, and 6 weeks (W) post infection (PI) showed 1.2 folds lower, 1.2 folds higher, 1.7 folds lower IgM reactivity against soluble cercarial antigenic preparation (CAP), respectively, when compared with sera collected from infected untreated mice (IUM). Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.3, 1.6, and 1.7 folds higher IgG reactivity, respectively against CAP than the IgG reactivity from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4 and 6WPI showed 1.5, 1.2 folds lower and 1.4 folds higher IgM reactivity, respectively against soluble worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) when compared with sera collected from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.4, 1 folds lower and 1 fold higher IgG reactivity, respectivley to SWAP when compared with sera from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI had generaly lower IgM and IgG reactivities against soluble egg antigen (SEA) when compared with sera from IUM.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Factors Among Women in Perinatal Period
Seid Jemal,Mohammed Emam,Aman Bilal Mohammed,Hassen Hassen Yimer 대한수면학회 2023 sleep medicine research Vol.14 No.1
Background and Objective Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is an important public health issue requiring adequate screening and management to avoid such harmful consequences. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of EDS in the perinatal period.Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out in selected public health institutions of Ethiopia on systematic selected 362 women during perinatal period. We used a validated Epworth daytime sleepiness tool to collect data. Epi-Info<sup>TM</sup> 7 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors.Results The prevalence of EDS was 16.6% (95% CI: 12.6–20.7). Excessive pregnancy-related concern (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.232, 95% CI: 0.087–0.621), having depression symptoms (AOR = 8.045, 95% CI: 3.375–19.174), anxiety symptoms (AOR = 4.905, 95% CI: 2.083– 11.550) and having a chronic medical illness (AOR = 5.441, 95% CI: 2.273–13.021) were the factors associated with EDS.Conclusions The results of the current study suggested that perinatal EDS among women in northern part of Ethiopia is a highly prevalent and associated with excessive pregnancy concern, depression, anxiety, and medical illness.