The Impact of Southern Regional Trading Arrangements on Trade Regime Bias : Some Evidence for CARICOM

Milner, Chris 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3

Trade regime bias, in particular anti-export bias, is likely to be a feature of 'southern' regional trading blocs of small, relatively inefficient countries, with relatively high external tariffs. This paper explores the reasons for this, and provides evidence of the pattern of trade regime bias prevailing in two CARICOM countries, Barbados and Trinidad. The paper also investigates the extent to which trade regime bias can be lowered through country-specific policy reforms, such as the lowering of non-tariff barriers, and the extent therefore to which regional commiments may constrain trade policy reform in developing countries.

Development of a simple chemically defined medium for Porphyromonas gingivalis: requirement for α-ketoglutarate

Milner, Paul,Batten, Jane E,Curtis, Mike A Oxford University Press 1996 FEMS microbiology letters Vol.140 No.2

Some New Insights into the Effects of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Area: The Role of Non Tariff Barriers

( Chris Milner ),( Nicolas Peridy ),( Yvan Decreux ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2010 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.25 No.4

The present study proposes an updated and extended quantitative assessment of the EU-South Korea FTA, through a new version of MIRAGE CGE model. Several distinctive contributions are offered. Firstly, the quantitative assessment takes into account non-tariff barriers (NTBs) as well as tariffs. Second, it considers trade liberalization of goods, services as well as FDI (establishment). A third contribution is that simulations of policy changes are closely aligned with the actual agreement for each industry and service category. Finally, this article relies on recent techniques for calculating the tariff equivalents of NTBs following Kee et al. (2009). The main findings show that the EU may increase trade performance in several industries (chemicals, machinery, other manufactured and food products) as well as in specific services to a lesser extent (business, insurance and transport services ). On the other hand, Korea takes advantage of the agreement for specific manufactured products (textiles, leather/clothing, cars and other transport equipment).

The Impact of Southern Regional Trading Arrangements on Trade Regime Bias: Some Evidence for CARICOM

( Chris Milner ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3

Trade regime bias, in particular anti-export bias, is likely to be a feature of ``southern`` regional trading blocs of small, relatively inefficient countries, with relatively high external tariffs. This paper explores the reasons for this, and provides evidence of the pattern of trade regime bias prevailing in two CARICOM countries, Barbados and Trinidad. The paper also investigates the extent to which trade regime bias can be lowered through country-specific policy reforms, such as the lowering of non-tariff barriers, and the extent therefore to which regional commitments may constrain trade policy reform in developing countries.

Multinational Economic Cooperation in the Soviet Far East

Bentsion Z. Milner 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 1990 중소연구 Vol.14 No.3

Modeling continuous improvement evolution in the service sector: A comparative case study

( Christopher D. Milner ),( Barbara M. Savage ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Purpose & Value The paper aims to make a contribution to existing knowledge regarding how service-based organisations establish and sustain incremental performance improvement. Alongside a review of existing continuous improvement (CI) evolution theory, the longitudinal study draws a comparison between two departments within a leading financial service provider. Evidenced through a thematic narrative the paper answers the call for existing frameworks of CI evolution to be tested within the private and service sectors; the findings are aligned with, and offer refinement to the CI Maturity model proposed by Bessant et al. (2001). Approach Adopting an interpretive philosophy and inductive nature, the study employs a multi-qualitative methodological design. The single embedded case study allows for an intensive review and in-depth exploration. Through the construction of a flexible and exploratory design, the research has taken place over a three year period, through a series of six monthly research cycles. The longitudinal time horizon makes use of a narrative enquiry, this crucial to understanding behaviour and allowing the researcher to gain access to deeper organisational realities.

Opportunities and Challenges in Nutrigenomics and Health Promotion

John A. Milner 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.55 No.-

Not all individuals respond identically, or at times in the same direction, to dietary interventions. These inconsistencies likely arise because of diet and genomic interactions (nutrigenomics effects). A host of factors may influence the response to bioactive food components including specific polymorphisms (nutrigenetic effect), DNA methylation patterns and other epigenomic factors (nutritional epigenomic effects), capacity to induce and/or suppress specific mRNA expression and patterns (nutritional transcriptomics), the occurrence and activity of proteins (proteomic effects), and/or the dose and temporal changes in cellular small molecular weight compounds will not only provide clues about specificity in response to food components, but assist in the identification of surrogate tissues and biomarkers that can predict a response. While this “discovery” phase is critical for defining mechanisms and targets, and thus those who will benefit most from intervention, its true usefulness depends on moving this understanding into “development” (interventions for better prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment) and a “delivery” phase where information is provided to those most in need. It is incumbent on those involved with food and nutrition to embrace the “omics” that relate to nutrition when considering not only the nutritional value of foods and their food components, but also when addressing acceptability and safety. The future of “Nutrigenomics and Health Promotion” depends on the ability of the scientific community to identify appropriate biomarkers and susceptibility variants, effective communications about the merits of such undertakings with the health care community and with consumers, and doing all of this within a responsible bioethical framework.

Wide fault에 대한 GBAS 궤도 오차 모니터 성능 분석

송준솔,Carl Milner 사단법인 항법시스템학회 2024 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.13 No.2

Galileo is a European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that has offered the Galileo Open Service since 2016. Consequently, the standardization of GNSS augmentation systems, such as Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), and Aircraft Based Augmentation System (ABAS) for Galileo signals, is ongoing. In 2023, the European Union Space Programme Agency (EUSPA) released prior probabilities of a satellite fault and a constellation fault for Galileo, which are 3×10-5 and 2×10-4 per hour, respectively. In particular, the prior probability of a Galileo constellation fault is significantly higher than that for the GPS constellation fault, which is defined as 1×10-8 per hour. This raised concerns about its potential impact on GBAS integrity monitoring. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard (SPS PS), a constellation fault is classified as a wide fault. A wide fault refers to a fault that affects more than two satellites due to a common cause. Such a fault can be caused by a failure in the Earth Orientation Parameter (EOP). The EOP is used when transforming the inertial axis, on which the orbit determination is based, to Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) axis, accounting for the irregularities in the rotation of the Earth. Therefore, a faulty EOP can introduce errors when computing a satellite position with respect to the ECEF axis. In GNSS, the ephemeris parameters are estimated based on the positions of satellites and are transmitted to navigation satellites. Subsequently, these ephemeris parameters are broadcasted via the navigation message to users. Therefore, a faulty EOP results in erroneous broadcast ephemeris data. In this paper, we assess the conventional ephemeris fault detection monitor currently employed in GBAS for wide faults, as current GBAS considers only single failure cases. In addition to the existing requirements defined in the standards on the Probability of Missed Detection (PMD), we derive a new PMD requirement tailored for a wide fault. The compliance of the current ephemeris monitor to the derived requirement is evaluated through a simulation. Our findings confirm that the conventional monitor meets the requirement even for wide fault scenarios.

EU Preferential Trading Arrangements with the Caribbean: A Grim Regional Economic Partnership Agreements?

( David Greenaway ),( Chris Milner ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.4

The European Union (EU) has more preferential trading arrangements than any other trading entity. For a quarter of a century African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries have benefited from unreciprocated preferential access to the EU market under a succession of Lome Arrangements. Sunset provisions now apply to these concessions and after 2007 unreciprocated preferences will end. The EU is proposing that a network of regional Economic Partnership Agreements (REPAs) replace Lome. This is a new form of regional trading arrangement for both the EU and ACP countries. In this paper we develop an analytical framework for evaluating the impact effects of a REPA and apply this to estimate costs and benefits in the CARICOM region. Our results suggest that a REPA would be inferior on welfare grounds to either extended reciprocity with the EU and US, or broader multilateral liberalisation.

Real-Time Retinal Imaging with a Parallel OCT Using a CMOS Smart Array Detector

jeehyun kim,Thomas Milner,Bong-Soo Sohn 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.5

We present a parallel optical coherence tomography(OCT) system using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) smart array detector. This paper includes descriptions of the CMOS smart array detector, and the experimental results of scattering surface targets including a wet tissue on an Air Force target, and {\it ex vivo} gold fish retina where the boundary between the vitreous humor and the ganglion cell layer could be identified in the acquired images. After three-dimensional volume rendering, several other layers between the ganglion cell layer and the choroid layer could be observed even though the contrast between the layers was weak. Control of the current version of the CMOS smart array detector requires significant time for maintenance. Although the current CMOS smart array detector needs improvement, the design is a promising ophthalmologic instrument and can provide fast retinal scanning and prompt display of the acquired images.