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Magnetic Nanoparticles for Early Detection of Cancer by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Lin, Wenbin,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Lanza, Gregory M.,Zhang, Miqin,Meade, Thomas J. Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2009 MRS bulletin Vol.34 No.6
<B>Abstract</B><P>This article provides a brief overview of recent progress in the synthesis and functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in the early detection of malignant tumors by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The intrinsic low sensitivity of MRI necessitates the use of large quantities of exogenous contrast agents in many imaging studies. Magnetic nanoparticles have recently emerged as highly efficient MRI contrast agents because these nanometer-scale materials can carry high payloads while maintaining the ability to move through physiological systems. Superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles (such as iron oxide) provide excellent negative contrast enhancement. Recent refinement of synthetic methodologies has led to ferrite nanoparticles with narrow size distributions and high crystallinity. Target-specific tumor imaging becomes possible through functionalization of ferrite nanoparticles with targeting agents to allow for site-specific accumulation. Nanoparticulate contrast agents capable of positive contrast enhancement have recently been developed in order to overcome the drawbacks of negative contrast enhancement afforded by ferrite nanoparticles. These newly developed magnetic nanoparticles have the potential to enable physicians to diagnose cancer at the earliest stage possible and thus can have an enormous impact on more effective cancer treatment.</P>
THE EXTENDED ENVIRONMENT OF M17: A STAR FORMATION HISTORY
Povich, Matthew S.,Churchwell, Ed,Bieging, John H.,Kang, Miju,Whitney, Barbara A.,Brogan, Crystal L.,Kulesa, Craig A.,Cohen, Martin,Babler, Brian L.,Indebetouw, Ré,my,Meade, Marilyn R.,Robitaill IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.696 No.2
Mead, Margaret 이화여자대학교 가정대학 가정관리학과 1971 가정관리연구 Vol.- No.2
다수의 여성이 직장세계로 진출하면서부터 많은 아동들이 직업을 가진 어머니의 아이들이 되어가고 있다. 어린이의 어머니들이 직업에 종사하는 것의 권장성에 관한 시비는 스톡홀름에서 모스크바에까지 혹은 파리에서 시카고에 이르기까지 큰 반향을 불러일으키고 있다. 대부분의 토론은 많은 어머니들이 직업에 종사하고 있다거나 그들 다수가 일하지 않으면 안된다거나 하는 엄연한 사실에서 출발하여 진전되어 간다. 그러한 방식대신에 어린이의 출생에서부터 시작해서 그들이 요구하는 것이 무엇이며 또 그들의 요구가 여하이 충족되나 하는 점에 대하여 생각해 보고자 한다. 이러한 방법으로서 우리는 문제의 해결점에 좀 더 접근할 수있을것이다. 대체로 보아 직업을 가진 어머니의 아동들이 무직의 어머니의 아동들보다 더욱 건강하고 혹은 그들이 학교에서도 곧잘 해 나간다고 시사하는 통계때문에 우리가 심취되어 만족해 버린다면 우리의 논술을 그다지 진전되지 못할 것이다.
Transcriptional control of sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans
Matthew E. Mead,Christina M. Hull 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.5
Developmental processes are essential for the normal life cycles of many pathogenic fungi, and they can facilitate survival in challenging environments, including the human host. Sexual development of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans not only produces infectious particles (spores) but has also enabled the evolution of new disease-related traits such as drug resistance. Transcription factor networks are essential to the development and pathogenesis of C. neoformans, and a variety of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins control both key developmental transitions and virulence by regulating the expression of their target genes. In this review we discuss the roles of known transcription factors that harbor important connections to both development and virulence. Recent studies of these transcription factors have identified a common theme in which metabolic, stress, and other responses that are required for sexual development appear to have been co-opted for survival in the human host, thus facilitating pathogenesis. Future work elucidating the connection between development and pathogenesis will provide vital insights into the evolution of complex traits in eukaryotes as well as mechanisms that may be used to combat fungal pathogens.