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Masaki Sakamoto,Yoshinari Tanaka 한국생태학회 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.2
Natural zooplankton communities are composed of many different species at different trophic levels in the aquatic food web. Several researchers have reported that in mesocosm/enclosure experiments, larger cladocerans tend to be more sensitive to carbamate insecticides than smaller ones (Daphnia > Moina, Diaphanosoma > Bosmina). In contrast, results from individual-level laboratory tests have suggested that large cladoceran species are more tolerant than small species. To clarify this inconsistency, we conducted a microcosm experiment using model zooplankton communities with different species compositions, where animals were exposed to lethal (near to the 24 h LC50, concentration estimated to kill 50% of individuals within 24-h for the small cladoceran Bosmina) and lower, sublethal concentrations of carbaryl. In the experiment, population densities of the small cladocerans (Bosmina and Bosminopsis) decreased subsequent to the applications of chemical, but no impacts were observed on the large cladoceran Daphnia. Our results supported the reports of previous individual level toxicity tests, and indicated that the sensitivity of zooplankton to the insecticide was unchanged by biological interactions but the response of population can be modified by compensation of population through hatching from resting eggs and/or the persistence of insecticide in the systems.
A New Method for Evaluating the Electrostatic Potential by Using a MEM X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
Hiroshi Tanaka,Yoshihiro Kuroiwa,Masaki Takata 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2
Recently, a new method was proposed for evaluating the electrostatic potential in crystalline solids from X-ray diffraction data. It is based on the electron charge density, which is analyzed by using the maximum entropy method (MEM) and Ewald's technique. The algorithm is almost parameter-free, and the electrostatic potential can be evaluated even by those with little or no experience. In this article, the method is reviewed briefly, and an application to a typical ionic crystal, NaCl, is introduced. Recently, a new method was proposed for evaluating the electrostatic potential in crystalline solids from X-ray diffraction data. It is based on the electron charge density, which is analyzed by using the maximum entropy method (MEM) and Ewald's technique. The algorithm is almost parameter-free, and the electrostatic potential can be evaluated even by those with little or no experience. In this article, the method is reviewed briefly, and an application to a typical ionic crystal, NaCl, is introduced.
Sakamoto, Masaki,Tanaka, Yoshinari The Ecological Society of Korea 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.2
Natural zooplankton communities are composed of many different species at different trophic levels in the aquatic food web. Several researchers have reported that in mesocosm/enclosure experiments, larger cladocerans tend to be more sensitive to carbamate insecticides than smaller ones (Daphnia > Moina, Diaphanosoma > Bosmina). In contrast, results from individual-level laboratory tests have suggested that large cladoceran species are more tolerant than small species. To clarify this inconsistency, we conducted a microcosm experiment using model zooplankton communities with different species compositions, where animals were exposed to lethal (near to the 24 h LC50, concentration estimated to kill 50% of individuals within 24-h for the small cladoceran Bosmina) and lower, sublethal concentrations of carbaryl. In the experiment, population densities of the small cladocerans (Bosmina and Bosminopsis) decreased subsequent to the applications of chemical, but no impacts were observed on the large cladoceran Daphnia. Our results supported the reports of previous individual level toxicity tests, and indicated that the sensitivity of zooplankton to the insecticide was unchanged by biological interactions but the response of population can be modified by compensation of population through hatching from resting eggs and/or the persistence of insecticide in the systems.
Efficiency of a Micro Pump driven by Conducting Polymer Soft Actuator with Open/Close movement
Yoshitaka Naka,Masaki Fuchiwaki,Kazuhiro Tanaka 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
In recent years, the research of micro pumps are actively conducted with the rise of MEMS (Micro ElectroMechanical Systems) technology. In this study the authors have realized the micro pump driven by conducting polymer soft actuator that perform open/close movement based on polypyrrole and measured their performance. It could adjustflow rates in the approximately 2 - 83 [??l/min] and easily change the pressure. The micro pump could transport fluideven with the viscosity that is 400 times as large as that of water. Moreover, the micro pump could transport fluid withan energy consumption rate less than half those of the conventional micro pumps.
Sakuma, Hisashi,Tanaka, Ichiro,Yazawa, Masaki,Oh, Anna Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.3
Recent reports have described several cases of double muscle transfers to restore natural, symmetrical smiles in patients with long-standing facial paralysis. However, these complex procedures sometimes result in cheek bulkiness owing to the double muscle transfer. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with long-standing facial paralysis, who underwent two-stage facial reanimation using two superficial subslips of the serratus anterior muscle innervated by the masseteric and contralateral facial nerves via a sural nerve graft. Each muscle subslip was transferred to the upper lip and oral commissures, which were oriented in different directions. Furthermore, a horizontal fascia lata graft was added at the lower lip to prevent deformities such as lower lip elongation and deviation. Voluntary contraction was noted at roughly 4 months, and a spontaneous smile without biting was noted 8 months postoperatively. At 18 months after surgery, the patient demonstrated a spontaneous symmetrical smile with adequate excursion of the lower lip, upper lip, and oral commissure, without cheek bulkiness. Dual-innervated muscle transfer using two multivector superficial subslips of the serratus anterior muscle may be a good option for long-standing facial paralysis, as it can achieve a symmetrical smile that can be performed voluntarily and spontaneously.