Japan’s High-Technology Trade with China and Its Export Control

Tomoo Marukawa 동아시아연구원 2013 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.13 No.3

While Japanese business interests support the export of high-technology items and the transfer of technology from Japan to China, these economically motivated actions may have direct and indirect impacts on Japan’s national security. First, the transfer of dual-use technology to China may directly help China’s military buildup. Second, high-tech exports and technology transfers may have an indirect effect by eroding Japan’s technological advantages vis-à-vis China. In this article I place these concerns into a historical context and analyze the current challenges to Japan’s export control policies. I offer an overview of the Japan-China trade relationship, with a special focus on high-tech trade. I then discuss changes in Japan’s export controls regarding China, based on heightened security concerns. Evidence indicates that the Japanese government is ill equipped to deal with “technology leakage,” which is accelerating the erosion of Japan’s technological supremacy and is not covered by its current export control regime.

「改造」と「認罪」

丸川哲史(MARUKAWA Tetsusi) 한국제노사이드연구회 2009 제노사이드연구 Vol.5 No.-

This paper aims to provide a theoretical?historical analysis of the “reeducation” and “confession” which took place in the Fushun War Criminal Management Centre in the People’s Republic of China, where approximately one thousand Japanese army officers and soldiers were transported from Siberia after the establishment of New China in 1947. First of all, the policy of the Centre that gave privileged treatment to the Japanese prisoners of war traces its origin in the measures taken by the Communist army during the Sino?Japanese war. We could argue that it derives from China’s own experience, not the European experience of the two World Wars, in particular, that of the guerrilla war. The “Yan’an reports” of America’s Office of War Information tell us that the Communists’ humane treatment of the Japanese prisoners of war was in fact the strategy of overcoming their military inferiority at the time. Whilst the Japanese soldiers did not lend their ears to the ideological pronouncement of the Communists, it was reported, they were heartened by the benevolent attitude of the Communist troops and showed no rebellious gesture. Moreover, China’s decision to repatriate the prisoners to Japan resulted in revealing the fallacy of anti?China propaganda by the Japanese army. The Japanese veteran officers and soldiers who had spent some years in the “War Criminal Management Centre” formed the “Returned Soldiers from China Network” (Chukiren) after their repatriation, and have since made a ceaseless effort to promote the anti?war activity. Although it suffered from the internal conflict during the Cultural Revolution, the unity of the Network was restored later on. Behind these veteran soldiers’ strong determination and motivation lies their experience of “reeducation” and “confession” in Fushun. The members of Chukiren were repatriated to Japan in the late 1950s, many of whom, labelled as “Communists” or “the brainwashed,” had to face varying difficulties in everyday life. This is due to the rising anti?Communist atmosphere in Japan in the wake of the Korean War. It is important to situate and understand China’s “re?education” policy in the particular context of its revolutionary politics. For instance, Puyi, known as the “Emperor of Manchukuo”, who also went through the “reeducation” process, turned into a Chinese civilian in this political landscape of the Chinese revolution. The “confession” process in Fushun, which was based upon the strict interrogation of the prisoners, seems to be also related to the development of the Cold War politics of that time. The observation of the “confession” process makes us understand that China was then trying to create a different concept of “judgment” to that of the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the Nanjing Military Tribunal. Its distinctive concept of judgement that granted pardon to those who confessed their crimes, nevertheless, could be explained in relation to China’s motive to produce its reliable allies who could possibly work for the country’s security and survival in the time of the Cold War.

Recent Progress in High Purity Steel Production

환천웅정 (丸川雄淨) ( Katsukiyo Marukawa ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1993 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.1993 No.1

Galloping of overhead transmission lines in gusty wind

Ohkuma, Takeshi,Marukawa, Hisao Techno-Press 2000 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.3 No.4

To develop galloping suppression devices, it is important to understand the effects of wind turbulence on galloping and to establish an evaluation method which takes 'large conductor deformations' into account. This paper introduces some findings on galloping in gusty wind obtained by numerical simulation using a model based on the Mogami Test Line of the Tokyo Electric Power Co. The equations of motion of the conductor are based on the Lagrangian formulations by Simpson, and they are made discrete in accordance with a finite element method.

Development of wind tunnel test model of mid-rise base-isolated building

Ohkuma, Takeshi,Yasui, Hachinori,Marukawa, Hisao Techno-Press 2004 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.7 No.3

This paper describes a method for developing a multi-degree-of freedom aero-elasto-plastic model of a base-isolated mid-rise building. The horizontal stiffness of isolators is modeled by several tension springs and the vertical support is performed by air pressure from a compressor. A lead damper and a steel damper are modeled by a U-shaped lead line and an aluminum line. With this model, the frequency ratio of torsional vibration to sway vibration, and plastic displacements of isolation materials can be changed easily when needed. The results of isolation material tests and free vibration tests show that this model provides the object performance. The peak displacement factors are about 4.5 regardless of wind speed in wind tunnel tests, but their gust response factor decreases with increment of wind speed.

Non-elastic responses of tall steel buildings subjected to across-wind forces

Tamura, Yukio,Yasui, Hachinori,Marukawa, Hisao Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.2

This paper presents an analytical method which takes into account the non-linearity of individual members, and discusses some case study results. It also discusses the relationship between member non-elastic behavior and excitation duration, and the relationship between member fracture and overall structure behavior. It is clearly demonstrated that the frame already shows almost unstable behavior due to long-columnization just before the occurrence of a column fracture. Then, a column fracture immediately induces a structural collapse mechanism.

Development of wind tunnel test model of mid-rise base-isolated building

T. Ohkuma,H. Yasui,H. Marukawa 한국풍공학회 2004 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.7 No.3

Laparoscopic Resection of a Jejunal Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp that Caused Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Diagnosed via Capsule Endoscopy and Double-Balloon Enteroscopy: A Case Report

Chizu Kameda,Hideaki Miwa,Ryohei Kawabata,Daiki Marukawa,Masahiro Murakami,Shingo Noura,Junzo Shimizu,Junichi Hasegawa 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.4

An inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. IFPs in the small intestine are the mostfrequently detected with symptoms, such as abdominal pain and tarry stool due to intussusception. Accordingly, few studies havereported jejunal IFP as a cause of occult gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) diagnosed via both of capsule endoscopy (CE) and doubleballoonenteroscopy (DBE). A 68-year-old woman presented with a progression of anemia and a positive fecal occult blood test result. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and total colonoscopy findings were unremarkable. CE revealed a tumor with bleeding in the jejunum. DBE also revealed a jejunal polypoid tumor. Bleeding from the tumor seemed to have caused anemia. The patient underwent partiallaparoscopic resection of the jejunum, including resection of the tumor. The tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as IFP. To ourknowledge, this is the first reported case of laparoscopic resection of jejunal IFP with OGIB diagnosed via CE and DBE preoperatively.

Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation With Wearable Devices

Atsuko Nakayama,Noriko Ishii,Mami Mantani,Kazumi Samukawa,Rieko Tsuneta,Megumi Marukawa,Kayoko Ohno,Azusa Yoshida,Emiko Hasegawa,Junko Sakamoto,Kentaro Hori,Shinya Takahashi,Kaoruko Komuro,Takashi Hir 대한심장학회 2023 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.53 No.11

Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve exercise tolerance and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases, there remains low participation in outpatient CR. This may be attributed to the patients’ busy schedules and difficulty in visiting the hospital due to distance, cost, avoidance of exercise, and severity of coronary disease. To overcome these challenges, many countries are exploring the possibility of remote CR. Specifically, there is increasing attention on the development of remote CR devices, which allow transmission of vital information to the hospital via a remote CR application linked to a wearable device for telemonitoring by dedicated hospital staff. In addition, remote CR programs can support return to work after hospitalization. Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of remote CR on exercise tolerance. However, the preventive effects of remote CR on cardiac events and mortality remain controversial. Thus, safe and effective remote CR requires exercise risk stratification for each patient, telenursing by skilled staff, and multidisciplinary interventions. Therefore, quality assurance of telenursing and multi-disciplinary interventions will be essential for remote CR. Remote CR may become an important part of cardiac management in the future. However, issues such as cost-effectiveness and insurance coverage still persist.

Comparative analysis of the in vivo kinetic properties of various bone substitutes filled into a peri-implant canine defect model

Jingyang Kang,Masaki Shibasaki,Masahiko Terauchi,Narumi Oshibe,Katsuya Hyodo,Eriko Marukawa 대한치주과학회 2024 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.54 No.2

Purpose: Deproteinized bovine bone or synthetic hydroxyapatite are 2 prevalent bone grafting materials used in the clinical treatment of peri-implant bone defects. However, the differences in bone formation among these materials remain unclear. This study evaluated osteogenesis kinetics in peri-implant defects using 2 types of deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss® and Bio-Oss/Collagen®) and 2 types of synthetic hydroxyapatite (Apaceram-AX® and Refit®). We considered factors including newly generated bone volume; bone, osteoid, and material occupancy; and bone-to-implant contact. Methods: A beagle model with a mandibular defect was created by extracting the bilateral mandibular third and fourth premolars. Simultaneously, an implant was inserted into the defect, and the space between the implant and the surrounding bone walls was filled with BioOss, Bio-Oss/Collagen, Apaceram-AX, Refit, or autologous bone. Micro-computed tomography and histological analyses were conducted at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (Refit and autologous bone were not included at the 6-month time point due to their rapid absorption). Results: All materials demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. At 3 months, Bio-Oss and Apaceram-AX exhibited significantly greater volumes of formation than the other materials, with Bio-Oss having a marginally higher amount. However, this outcome was reversed at 6 months, with no significant difference between the 2 materials at either time point. Apaceram-AX displayed notably slower bioresorption and the largest quantity of residual material at both time points. In contrast, Refit had significantly greater bioresorption, with complete resorption and rapid maturation involving cortical bone formation at the crest at 3 months, Refit demonstrated the highest mineralized tissue and osteoid occupancy after 3 months, albeit without statistical significance. Conclusions: Overall, the materials demonstrated varying post-implantation behaviors in vivo. Thus, in a clinical setting, both the properties of these materials and the specific conditions of the defects needing reinforcement should be considered to identify the most suitable material.