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New Evidence of Alleles (V199I and G52S) at the PRKAG3 (RN) Locus Affecting Pork Meat Quality
Chen, J.F.,Dai, L.H.,Peng, J.,Li, J.L.,Zheng, R.,Zuo, B.,Li, F.E.,Liu, M.,Yue, K.,Lei, M.G.,Xiong, Y.Z.,Deng, C.Y.,Jiang, S.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.4
The porcine PRKAG3 (RN) gene encodes the regulatory gamma subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a good candidate gene affecting meat quality. In this study, the effects of two missense mutations A595G (Ile199Val) and G154A (Gly52Ser) in porcine PRKAG3 gene on meat quality traits were studied in M. Longissimus dorsi (LD), M. Semispinalis capitis (SC) and M. Biceps femoris (BF) from different populations of 326 pigs. The PRKAG3 alleles 199I, 199IV, 52S and 52G were identified with PCR-RFLPs and all genotypes - 199I/199I, 199I/199V, 199V/199V, 52S/52S, 52S/52G and 52G/52G - were found. The frequency of V allele was larger than that of I allele in all populations. I allele frequency was zero in Chinese Meishan pigs (population D) especially. G allele frequency was larger than that of S allele in all populations except Large White (population A). Both variations at the PRKAG3 locus significantly affected these meat quality traits. The pork meat quality has not previously been established in Meishan or crosses thereof. The results suggested that generally pH of LD, SC and BF was higher in Meishan pigs than that in other populations. Moreover, Meishan pigs showed higher water-holding capacity and intramuscular fat (IMF), lower water content and water loss percentage compared to other populations in terms of the two variations. The results present here supply new evidence that alleles V199I and G52S at the PRKAG3 locus affect pork meat quality and provide useful information on pork production.
Organic composition of carbonaceous aerosols in an aged prescribed fire plume
Yan, B.,Zheng, M.,Hu, Y. T.,Lee, S.,Kim, H. K.,Russell, A. G. Copernicus GmbH 2008 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.8 No.21
<P>Abstract. Aged smoke from a prescribed fire (dominated by conifers) impacted Atlanta, GA on 28 February 2007 and dramatically increased hourly ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and organic carbon (OC) up to 140 and 72 μg m−3, respectively. It was estimated that over 1 million residents were exposed to the smoky air lasting from the late afternoon to midnight. To better understand the processes impacting the aging of fire plumes, a detailed chemical speciation of carbonaceous aerosols was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Ambient concentrations of many organic species (levoglucosan, resin acids, retene, n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids) associated with wood burning emission were significantly elevated on the event day. Levoglucosan increased by a factor of 10, while hopanes, steranes, cholesterol and major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not show obvious increases. Strong odd over even carbon number predominance was found for n-alkanes versus even over odd predominance for n-alkanoic acids. Alteration of resin acids during transport from burning sites to monitors is suggested by the observations. Our study also suggests that large quantities of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were released both as products of combustion and unburned vegetation heated by the fire. Higher leaf temperature can stimulate biogenic VOC and SVOC emissions, which enhanced formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. This is supported by elevated ambient concentrations of secondary organic tracers (dicarboxylic acids, 2-methyltetrols, pinonic acid and pinic acid). An approximate source profile was built for the aged fire plume to help better understand evolution of wood smoke emission and for use in source impact assessment. </P>
Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci on Porcine Chromosome 7 Using Combined Data Analysis
Zuo, B.,Xiong, Y.Z.,Su, Y.H.,Deng, C.Y.,Lei, M.G.,Zheng, R.,Jiang, S.W.,Li, F.E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10
To further investigate the regions on porcine chromosome 7 that are responsible for economically important traits, phenotypic data from a total of 287 F2 individuals were collected and analyzed from 1998 to 2000. All animals were genotyped for eight microsatellite loci spanning the length of chromosome 7. QTL analysis was performed using interval mapping under the line-cross model. A permutation test was used to establish significance levels associated with QTL effects. Observed QTL effects were (chromosomewide significance, position of maximum significance in centimorgans): Birth weight (<0.01, 3); Carcass length (<0.05, 80); Longissimus muscle area (<0.01, 69); Skin percentage (<0.01, 69); Bone percentage (<0.01, 74); Fat depths at shoulder (<0.05, 54);Mean fat depth (<0.05, 81); Moisture in m. Longissimus Dorsi (<0.05, 88). Additional evidence was also found which suggested QTL for dressing percentage and fat depths at buttock. This study offers confirmation of several QTL affecting growth and carcass traits on SSC7 and provides an important step in the search for the actual major genes involved in the traits of economic interest.
Kim, H S,Jung, M,Kang, H N,Kim, H,Park, C-W,Kim, S-M,Shin, S J,Kim, S H,Kim, S G,Kim, E K,Yun, M R,Zheng, Z,Chung, K Y,Greenbowe, J,Ali, S M,Kim, T-M,Cho, B C Nature Publishing Group 2017 Oncogene Vol.36 No.23
<P>Despite remarkable progress in cutaneous melanoma genomic profiling, the mutational landscape of primary mucosal melanomas (PMM) remains unclear. Forty-six PMMs underwent targeted exome sequencing of 111 cancer-associated genes. Seventy-six somatic nonsynonymous mutations in 42 genes were observed, and recurrent mutations were noted on eight genes, including TP53 (13%), NRAS (13%), SNX31 (9%), NF1 (9%), KIT (7%) and APC (7%). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; 37%), cell cycle (20%) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR (15%) pathways were frequently mutated. We biologically characterized a novel ZNF767-BRAF fusion found in a vemurafenib-refractory respiratory tract PMM, from which cell line harboring ZNF767-BRAF fusion were established for further molecular analyses. In an independent data set, NFIC-BRAF fusion was identified in an oral PMM case and TMEM178B-BRAF fusion and DGKI-BRAF fusion were identified in two malignant melanomas with a low mutational burden (number of mutation per megabase, 0.8 and 4, respectively). Subsequent analyses revealed that the ZNF767-BRAF fusion protein promotes RAF dimerization and activation of the MAPK pathway. We next tested the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of vemurafenib, trametinib, BKM120 or LEE011 alone and in combination. Trametinib effectively inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro, but the combination of trametinib and BKM120 or LEE011 yielded more than additive anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo in a melanoma cells harboring the BRAF fusion. In conclusion, BRAF fusions define a new molecular subset of PMM that can be targeted therapeutically by the combination of a MEK inhibitor with PI3K or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/ 6 inhibitors.</P>
Zheng, W.,Shen, R. F.,Sakamoto, T.,Beardmore, A. P.,De Pasquale, M.,Wu, X. F.,Gorosabel, J.,Urata, Y.,Sugita, S.,Zhang, B.,Pozanenko, A.,Nissinen, M.,Sahu, D. K.,Im, M.,Ukwatta, T. N.,Andreev, M.,Klun IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.751 No.2
<P>We present a comprehensive analysis of a bright, long-duration (T-90 similar to 257 s) GRB 110205A at redshift z = 2.22. The optical prompt emission was detected by Swift/UVOT, ROTSE-IIIb, and BOOTES telescopes when the gamma-ray burst (GRB) was still radiating in the gamma-ray band, with optical light curve showing correlation with gamma-ray data. Nearly 200 s of observations were obtained simultaneously from optical, X-ray, to gamma-ray (1 eV to 5 MeV), which makes it one of the exceptional cases to study the broadband spectral energy distribution during the prompt emission phase. In particular, we clearly identify, for the first time, an interesting two-break energy spectrum, roughly consistent with the standard synchrotron emission model in the fast cooling regime. Shortly after prompt emission (similar to 1100 s), a bright (R = 14.0) optical emission hump with very steep rise (alpha similar to 5.5) was observed, which we interpret as the reverse shock (RS) emission. It is the first time that the rising phase of an RS component has been closely observed. The full optical and X-ray afterglow light curves can be interpreted within the standard reverse shock (RS) + forward shock (FS) model. In general, the high-quality prompt and afterglow data allow us to apply the standard fireball model to extract valuable information, including the radiation mechanism (synchrotron), radius of prompt emission (R-GRB similar to 3 x 10(13) cm), initial Lorentz factor of the outflow (Gamma(0) similar to 250), the composition of the ejecta (mildly magnetized), the collimation angle, and the total energy budget.</P>
Age Hardening Characteristics of Cu-Ag-Zr Alloy
S. G. Jia,X. M. Ning,M. S. Zheng,G. S. Zhou,P. Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.4
Cu-Ag-Zr alloy is a newly developed copper alloy material which has an excellent combination of high mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity. By means of vacuum induction melting, Cu-Ag-Zr alloy was produced. The effects of aging processes on the microhardness and electrical conductivity characteristics of Cu-Ag-Zr alloy were studied. After aging at 450 °C for 4h, the alloy showed an excellent combination of microhardness and electrical conductivity: the microhardness and electrical conductivity reach 126 HV and 84%IACS, respectively. The precipitates responsible for the age-hardening effect are the fine and dispersed Cu5Zr, which has a face center cubic structure. Cu5Zr precipitates are fully coherent with the Cu matrix and give the Cu- Ag-Zr alloy higher microhardness and higher electrical conductivity. Cu-Ag-Zr alloy is a newly developed copper alloy material which has an excellent combination of high mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity. By means of vacuum induction melting, Cu-Ag-Zr alloy was produced. The effects of aging processes on the microhardness and electrical conductivity characteristics of Cu-Ag-Zr alloy were studied. After aging at 450 °C for 4h, the alloy showed an excellent combination of microhardness and electrical conductivity: the microhardness and electrical conductivity reach 126 HV and 84%IACS, respectively. The precipitates responsible for the age-hardening effect are the fine and dispersed Cu5Zr, which has a face center cubic structure. Cu5Zr precipitates are fully coherent with the Cu matrix and give the Cu- Ag-Zr alloy higher microhardness and higher electrical conductivity.
PKCβII inhibits the ubiquitination of β-arrestin2 in an autophosphorylation-dependent manner
Zheng, M.,Zhang, X.,Guo, S.,Zhang, X.,Choi, H.J.,Lee, M.Y.,Kim, K.M. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 FEBS letters Vol.589 No.24
GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2)/β-arrestins and protein kinase A (PKA)/protein kinase C (PKC) mediate homologous and heterologous regulations of GPCRs, respectively. Conventional protein kinase C enzymes (PKCs), as exemplified by PKCβII, selectively inhibit internalization of dopamine D<SUB>2</SUB> receptor and β<SUB>2</SUB> adrenoceptor in a β-arrestin- but not GRK2-dependent manner. PKCβII interacts with β-arrestin2 upon autophosphorylation at T250, and inhibits the receptor internalization by decreasing the ubiquitination of β-arrestin2. PKCβII interferes with the interaction between β-arrestin2 and MDM2 in the cytosol, resulting in the redistribution of MDM2 to the nucleus. Subsequently, deubiquitination of β-arrestin2 and inhibition of agonist-induced receptor internalization follow. Thus, our study suggests that the extent of β-arrestin ubiquitination and the autophosphorylation status of PKCs determine PKCβII-mediated inhibition of homologous regulatory processes of GPCRs.