Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study

N. V. Ankith, M,M. Avinash,K. S. Srivijayanand,Ajoy Prasad Shetty,Rishi Mugesh Kanna,Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4

Study Design: Observational retrospective computed tomography (CT) based study. Purpose: To analyze the congenital anomalies of the cervical spine, their morphological variations and their clinical significance. Overview of Literature: Studies published to date have focused mainly on upper cervical anomalies; no study has comprehensively reported on anomalies of both the occipitocervical and subaxial cervical spine. Methods: Nine hundred and thirty cervical spine CT scans performed in Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, India between January 2014 and November 2017 were screened by two independent observers to document anomalies of both the upper and lower cervical spine. CT scans conducted for infection, tumor, and/or deformity were excluded. Different morphological variations, embryological basis, and clinical significance of the anomalies were discussed. Results: Of the 930 CT scans screened, 308 (33.1%) had congenital anomaly. Of these, 184 (59.7%) were males and 124 (40.2.7%) were females, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range, 14–78 years). A total of 377 anomalies were identified, with 69 cases (7.4%) having more than one anomaly. Two hundred and fifty (26.8%) anomalies of the upper cervical region (occiput to C2–C3 disk space) were identified, with the most common upper cervical anomalies being high-riding vertebral artery (108 cases, 11.6%) and ponticulus posticus (PP) (75 cases, 8%). One hundred and twenty seven (13.6%) anomalies of the lower cervical spine (C3–C7) were noted, of which double foramen transversarium was the most common anomaly observed in 46 cases (4.8%). Conclusions: We found that 33.1% of CT scans had at least one congenital anomaly. Some anomalies, such as abnormal facet complex and arch anomalies, have to be differentiated from fractures in a trauma patient. Other anomalies, like PP, have to be looked for during preoperative planning to avoid complications during surgery. Therefore, knowledge of these anomalies is important as different anomalies have different clinical courses and management.

Efficient decolorization and detoxification of textile industry effluent by <i>Salvinia molesta</i> in lagoon treatment

Chandanshive, Vishal V.,Rane, Niraj R.,Gholave, Avinash R.,Patil, Swapnil M.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Govindwar, Sanjay P. Elsevier 2016 Environmental research Vol.150 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Salvinia molesta</I>, an aquatic fern was observed to have a potential of degrading azo dye Rubine GFL up to 97% at a concentration of 100mg/L within 72h using 60±2g of root biomass. Both root as well as stem tissues showed induction in activities of the enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, catalase, DCIP reductase and superoxide dismutase during decolorization of Rubine GFL. FTIR, GC-MS, HPLC and UV–visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed phytotransformation of the model dye into smaller molecules. Analysis of metabolites revealed breakdown of an azo bond of Rubine GFL by the action of lignin peroxidase and laccase and formation of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline and N-methylbenzene-1, 4-diamine. Anatomical tracing of dye in the stem of <I>S. molesta</I> confirmed the presence of dye in tissues and subsequent removal after 48h of treatment. The concentration of chlorophyll pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid was observed during the treatment. Toxicity analysis on seeds of <I>Triticum aestivum</I> and <I>Phaseolus mungo</I> revealed the decreased toxicity of dye metabolites. <I>In situ</I> treatment of a real textile effluent was further monitored in a constructed lagoon of the dimensions of 7m×5m×2m (total surface area 35m<SUP>2</SUP>) using <I>S. molesta</I> for 192h. This large scale treatment was found to significantly reduce the values of COD, BOD<SUB>5</SUB> and ADMI by 76%, 82% and 81% considering initial values 1185, 1440mg/L and 950 units, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Macrophyte <I>S. molesta</I> showed a potential for textile dyes and effluent treatment </LI> <LI> A possible dye degradation pathway of Rubine GFL by <I>S. molesta</I> is proposed </LI> <LI> <I>S. molesta</I> in constructed lagoon treated 52,500L of textile effluent </LI> <LI> Phytotoxicity assay revealed less toxic nature of by-products after treatment </LI> <LI> Anatomical study of stem revealed entry and removal of Rubine GFL </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Evaluation of Strong Microwave Absorption Property of PVB-PEDOT:PSS-Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposite With Materials Data-Driven Discovery

M. Praveen Kumar,Sarika Raga,S. Chetana,K. Avinash,Arjun Dey,Dinesh Rangappa 한국전기전자재료학회 2023 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.24 No.3

2D nanomaterial, especially 2D metal carbides or MXene loaded polymer nanocomposite is highly valued electromagnetic material. In this work, Ti3C2TX MXene loaded polyvinyl butyral (PVB)-Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-Ti3C2TX MXene nanocomposite is explored for microwave absorption in the frequency range of X-Band and Ku-Band (8.2–18 GHz). The reflection loss (RL) of the optimized PEDOT:PSS content PVB-PEDOT:PSS was found to improve significantly in presence of the Ti3C2TX MXene viz., 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%. Ti3C2TX MXene loaded solution processed PVB-PEDOT:PSS-Ti3C2TX MXene indicates RL is strongly effected by Ti3C2TX MXene loading. To optimize Ti3C2TX MXene content in PVB-PEDOT:PSS-Ti3C2TX MXene nanocomposite for best RL with minimum thickness, the materials data-driven discovery was used for which experimental data sets were used as input parameters. Through the materials data-driven discovery, the minimum RL value -63 dB was predicted at 2.6 mm for 18 wt% Ti3C2TX MXene loaded PVB-PEDOT:PSS-Ti3C2TX MXene nanocomposite which was not examine before. The predicted RL data for the optimized PVB-PEDOT:PSS-Ti3C2TX MXene nanocomposite (18 wt% MXene content) was compared with the experimental data.

Carotid Artery Stenting and Its Impact on Cognitive Function: A Prospective Observational Study

Gupta Avinash N,Bhatti Amit A,Shah Mudasir M,Mahajan Niranjan P,Sadana Divya K,Huded Vikram 대한신경중재치료의학회 2020 Neurointervention Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has evolved as a first-line therapeutic option for carotid revascularization in indicated patients for stroke prevention, but there is still a lack of data on its effect on cognitive function (CF), especially among Indian patients. To determine the effect of CAS on CF and to study the immediate and delayed complications of CAS in Indian patients.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center study. CF was assessed using Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination version III (ACE) before and 3 months after stenting. The demographic and clinical parameters were also assessed. A follow-up evaluation after 3 months was done to compare CF and to observe the occurrence of any complications.Results: Out of 31 patients, 3 were lost to follow up. There were no immediate or delayed procedure-related complications. There was a statistically significant improvement in overall ACE score and memory before and after stenting. On subgroup analysis of those with and without strokes, there was a significant improvement in visuospatial function and mean ACE score. Those with left CAS had significant improvement in memory, visuospatial, language, and ACE scores than right CAS.Conclusion: CAS was associated with significant improvement in CF in patients.

Copy Number Variation Burden on Asthma Subgenome in Normal Cohorts Identifies Susceptibility Markers

Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah,Avinash M Veerappa,Padukudru A Mahesh,Sareh R Jahromi,Nallur B. Ramachandra 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.3

Purpose: Asthma is a complex disease caused by interplay of genes and environment on the genome of an individual. Copy number variations (CNVs) are more common compared to the other variations that disrupt genome organization. The effect of CNVs on asthma subgenome has been less studied compared to studies on the other variations. We report the assessments of CNV burden in asthma genes of normal cohorts carried out in different geographical areas of the world and discuss the relevance of the observation with respect to asthma pathogenesis. Methods: CNV analysis was performed using Affymerix high-resolution arrays, and various bioinformatics tools were used to understand the influence of genes on asthma pathogenesis. Results: This study identified 61 genes associated with asthma and provided various mechanisms and pathways underlying asthma pathogenesis. CCL3L1, ADAM8, and MUC5B were the most prevalent asthma genes. Among them, CCL3L1 was found across all 12 populations in varying copy number states. This study also identified the inheritance of asthma-CNVs from parents to offspring creating the latent period for manifestation of asthma. Conclusions: This study revealed CNV burden with varying copy number states and identified susceptibility towards the disease manifestation. It can be hypothesized that primary CNVs may not be the initiating event in the pathogenesis of asthma and additional preceding mutations or CNVs may be required. The initiator or primary CNVs sensitize normal cohorts leading to an increased probability of accumulating mutations or exposure to allergic stimulating agents that can augment the development of asthma.

District-wise estimation of Basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 in India in the initial phase

Shil Pratip,Atre Nitin M.,Patil Avinash A.,Tandale Babasaheb V.,Abraham Priya 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.1

SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 was introduced into India by multiple sources generating local clusters and leading to the nationwide spread. A retrospective study has been conducted on the epidemiological features and spatial spread of COVID-19 in India during February 2020–March 2021. For each district, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases were fitted to exponential growth model for the initial phase of the outbreak (the first 7–15 days). From the estimated growth rate, epidemiological parameters like the Basic reproduction number (R0) and epidemic doubling time (s) were determined. Using Q-GIS software, we have generated the all India distribution maps for R0 and s. COVID-19 spread rapidly covering majority of the districts of India between March and June 2020. As on 1st March 2021, a total of 715 out of 717 districts have been affected. The R0 range is at par with the global average. A few districts, where outbreaks were caused by migrant workers coming home, intense transmission was recorded R0[7. We also found that the spread of COVID-19 was not uniform across the different districts of India. The methodology developed in the study can be used by researchers and public health professionals to analyze and study epidemics in future.

Late toxicities in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy

Sandeep Muzumder,Nirmala Srikantia,Avinash H. Udayashankar,Prashanth Bhat Kainthaje,M. G. John Sebastian,John Michael Raj 대한방사선종양학회 2021 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.39 No.3

Purpose: The study aims to report late toxicities in locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 103 patients of LAHNSCC treated with IMRT. We analyzed the cumulative incidence of late xerostomia, dysphagia, and aspiration at an interval of 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year from the start of IMRT. Results: At a median follow up of 4.2 years (interquartile range, 3.5 to 6 years), the cumulative incidence of grade ≥2 late xerostomia was 5.5%, dysphagia was 6.9%, and aspiration was 11.1%. Logistic regression showed that Dmean of ≥26 Gy to parotids had higher risk of xerostomia (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90-14.22; p = 0.001). Late dysphagia was associated with Dmean of ≥45 Gy to pharyngeal constrictors (PC) (HR = 7; 95% CI, 1.84-26.61; p =0.004), ≥55 Gy to larynx (HR = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.15-9.11; p = 0.025), and adjuvant RT (HR = 5.26; 95% CI, 1.85-14.87; p = 0.002). Aspiration was associated with Dmean of ≥45 Gy to larynx (HR = 6.5; 95% CI, 1.93-21.88; p = 0.003), Dmean of ≥55 Gy to PC (HR = 3.54; 95% CI, 1.25-9.98; p = 0.017), and patients having late dysphagia (HR = 4.37; 95% CI, 1.55-12.31; p = 0.005). Conclusions: IMRT is a feasible radiation delivery technique in LAHNSCC with a decreased late toxicity profile.

District-wise estimation of Basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 in India in the initial phase

Shil Pratip,Atre Nitin M.,Patil Avinash A.,Tandale Babasaheb V.,Abraham Priya 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.2

SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 was introduced into India by multiple sources generating local clusters and leading to the nationwide spread. A retrospective study has been conducted on the epidemiological features and spatial spread of COVID-19 in India during February 2020–March 2021. For each district, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases were fitted to exponential growth model for the initial phase of the outbreak (the first 7–15 days). From the estimated growth rate, epidemiological parameters like the Basic reproduction number (R0) and epidemic doubling time (s) were determined. Using Q-GIS software, we have generated the all India distribution maps for R0 and s. COVID-19 spread rapidly covering majority of the districts of India between March and June 2020. As on 1st March 2021, a total of 715 out of 717 districts have been affected. The R0 range is at par with the global average. A few districts, where outbreaks were caused by migrant workers coming home, intense transmission was recorded R0[7. We also found that the spread of COVID-19 was not uniform across the different districts of India. The methodology developed in the study can be used by researchers and public health professionals to analyze and study epidemics in future.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Trauma to Permanent Anterior Teeth in 12 to 15 Year Old School Going Children in Urban and Rural Areas of Faridabad, Haryana : A Comparative Study

Sonal Dhingra,C M Marya,Avinash J,Puneet Gupta,Ruchi Nagpal,Nidhi Pruthi 대한예방치과학회 2012 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.8 No.2

Objective: To determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and unmet treatment needs of trauma to permanent anterior teeth in 12 to 15 year old school going children in urban and rural areas of Faridabad, Haryana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through clinical examination of the upper and lower permanent anterior teeth. Type III examination of 1,090 school children (rural=525, urban=565) was done. Dental trauma was classified according to Ellis and Davey (1960) criteria on a prepared examination form. Results: The prevalence of trauma was observed as 24% and 20.9% in rural and urban schoolchildren respectively; more prevalent in boys. The most common type of injury was the ‘enamel only’ fracture; falls and fights being the main cause of trauma; affecting the maxillary central incisor the most. A high level of untreated traumatized teeth observed in rural and urban schoolchildren was 96.8% and 81.4% respectively. Conclusion: The high prevalence and unmet treatment needs of dental trauma clearly illustrates importance of recognizing anterior tooth trauma as major dental public health problem.

Onset of stimulated Raman scattering of a laser in a plasma in the presence of hot drifting electrons

Gupta, D. N.,Yadav, Pinki,Jang, D. G.,Hur, M. S.,Suk, H.,Avinash, K. American Institute of Physics 2015 Physics of plasmas Vol.22 No.5