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Cresi, Francesco,Liguori, Stefania Alfonsina,Maggiora, Elena,Locatelli, Emanuela,Indrio, Flavia,Bertino, Enrico,Coscia, Alessandra The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2015 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.18 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bolus transit during esophageal swallow (ES) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) events and to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of ES and GER events in a population of term and preterm newborns with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: The study population consisted of term and preterm newborns referred to combined multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) and pH monitoring for GERD symptoms. The frequency and characteristics of ES and GER events were assessed by two independent investigators. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Fifty-four newborns (23 preterm) were included in the analyses. Median bolus head advancing time corrected for esophageal length (BHATc) was shorter during mealtime than during the postprandial period (median, interquartile range): 0.20 (0.15-0.29) s/cm vs. 0.47 (0.39-0.64) s/cm, p<0.001. Median bolus presence time (BPT) was prolonged during mealtime: 4.71(3.49-6.27) s vs. 2.66 (1.82-3.73) s, p<0.001. Higher BHATc (p=0.03) and prolonged BPT (p<0.001) were observed in preterm newborns during the postprandial period. A significant positive correlation between BHATc and bolus clearance time was also observed (${\rho}=0.33$, p=0.016). Conclusion: The analysis of ES and GER events at the same time by MII provides useful information to better understand the physiopathology of GERD. In particular, the analysis of BHATc during the postprandial period could help clinicians identify newborns with prolonged esophageal clearance time due to impaired esophageal motility, which could allow for more accurate recommendations regarding further tests and treatment.
Francesco Cresi,Stefania Alfonsina Liguori,Elena Maggiora,Emanuela Locatelli,Flavia Indrio,Enrico Bertino,Alessandra Coscia 대한소아소화기영양학회 2015 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.18 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bolus transit during esophageal swallow (ES) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) events and to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of ES and GER events in a pop-ulation of term and preterm newborns with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: The study population consisted of term and preterm newborns referred to combined multichannel intra-luminal impedance (MII) and pH monitoring for GERD symptoms. The frequency and characteristics of ES and GER events were assessed by two independent investigators. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Fifty-four newborns (23 preterm) were included in the analyses. Median bolus head advancing time cor-rected for esophageal length (BHATc) was shorter during mealtime than during the postprandial period (median, interquartile range): 0.20 (0.15-0.29) s/cm vs. 0.47 (0.39-0.64) s/cm, p<0.001. Median bolus presence time (BPT) was prolonged during mealtime: 4.71(3.49-6.27) s vs. 2.66 (1.82-3.73) s, p<0.001. Higher BHATc (p=0.03) and prolonged BPT (p<0.001) were observed in preterm newborns during the postprandial period. A significant positive correlation between BHATc and bolus clearance time was also observed (ρ=0.33, p=0.016).Conclusion: The analysis of ES and GER events at the same time by MII provides useful information to better under-stand the physiopathology of GERD. In particular, the analysis of BHATc during the postprandial period could help clinicians identify newborns with prolonged esophageal clearance time due to impaired esophageal motility, which could allow for more accurate recommendations regarding further tests and treatment.
Stress and strain state in the segmental linings during mechanized tunnelling
Do, Ngoc-Anh,Oreste, Pierpaolo,Dias, Daniel,Antonello, Croce,Djeran-Maigre, Irini,Livio, Locatelli Techno-Press 2014 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.7 No.1
The application of the mechanized tunnelling has been extended in recent years. There are at present different approaches that are used in the design of segmental tunnel linings supported in mechanized tunnels. Even though segmental lining is utilized for mechanized tunnels, its behaviour is still quite unclear under in situ stress and there is a lack of data regarding the distribution of stresses inside segmental linings. So far no single effective calculation method exists for segmental lining design. The lack of clear solutions makes the use of segmental lining to be more expensive due to the adoption of greater safety factors. Therefore, a particular attention must be given in order to obtain data from monitored tunnels which permits to validate design methods. In this study, strain measurements, which were conducted during the construction of twin tunnels in the Bologna-Florence railway line, have been presented. The behaviour of segmental lining during the excavation and the influence of a new tunnel excavation on an existing tunnel have been shown through the measured data. The data are then compared with the results obtained with Einstein and Schwartz's method and Duddeck and Erdmann's method, which permits to highlight the fact that the two analytical methods underestimate structural forces induced in the segmental lining and then must be used with caution.
Mitochondrial Akt Regulation of Hypoxic Tumor Reprogramming
Chae, Young Chan,Vaira, Valentina,Caino, M. Cecilia,Tang, Hsin-Yao,Seo, Jae Ho,Kossenkov, Andrew V.,Ottobrini, Luisa,Martelli, Cristina,Lucignani, Giovanni,Bertolini, Irene,Locatelli, Marco,Bryant, Ke Elsevier 2016 CANCER CELL Vol.30 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Hypoxia is a universal driver of aggressive tumor behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using a phosphoproteomics screen, we now show that active Akt accumulates in the mitochondria during hypoxia and phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) on Thr346 to inactivate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In turn, this pathway switches tumor metabolism toward glycolysis, antagonizes apoptosis and autophagy, dampens oxidative stress, and maintains tumor cell proliferation in the face of severe hypoxia. Mitochondrial Akt-PDK1 signaling correlates with unfavorable prognostic markers and shorter survival in glioma patients and may provide an “actionable” therapeutic target in cancer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A pool of active Akt is recruited to tumor mitochondria during hypoxia </LI> <LI> Mitochondrial Akt phosphorylates PDK-1 in hypoxia on a T346 site </LI> <LI> Akt-PDK1 activation maintains tumor cell proliferation in hypoxia </LI> <LI> PDK1 phosphorylation by Akt is a negative prognostic factor in gliomas </LI> </UL> </P>
Mathias Klaui,Dennis Ilgaz,Lutz Heyne,June-Seo Kim,Olivier Boulle,Christine Schieback,Fabian Zinser,Stephen Krzyk,Mikhail Fonin,Ulrich Rudiger,Dirk Backes,Laura J. Heyderman,T. O. Mentes,A. Locatelli 한국자기학회 2009 Journal of Magnetics Vol.14 No.2
Herein, different concepts for domain wall propagation based on currents and fields that could potentially be used in magnetic data storage devices based on domains and domain walls are reviewed. By direct imaging, we show that vortex and transverse walls can be displaced using currents due to the spin transfer torque effect. For the case of field-induced wall motion, particular attention is paid to the influence of localized fields and local heating on the depinning and propagation of domain walls. Using an Au nanowire adjacent to a permalloy structure with a domain wall, the depinning field of the wall, when current pulses are injected into the Au nanowire, was studied. The current pulse drastically modified the depinning field, which depended on the interplay between the externally applied field direction and polarity of the current, leading subsequently to an Oersted field and heating of the permalloy at the interface with the Au wire. Placing the domain wall at various distances from the Au wire and studying different wall propagation directions, the range of Joule heating and Oersted field was determined; both effects could be separated. Approaches beyond conventional field- and current-induced wall displacement are briefly discussed.