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Pre-emption, Predation, and Minimum Quality Standards
Mina Baliamoune-Lutz,Stefan Lutz 한국국제경제학회 2010 International Economic Journal Vol.24 No.1
We present a model of vertical product differentiation and exit where a domestic and a foreign firm face fixed setup costs and quality-dependent costs of production and compete in quality and price in the domestic market. Quality-dependent costs are quadratic in qualities, but independent of the quantities produced. The domestic government may impose a minimum quality standard binding for both foreign and domestic firms. In the presence of an initial cost advantage of the domestic firm, a sufficiently high minimum quality standard set by the domestic government will enable the domestic firm to induce exit of the foreign firm, i.e. to engage in predation. However, the same standard would lead to predation by the foreign firm, if the foreign firm had the initial cost advantage!}
Trade Effects of Minimum Quality Standards with and without Deterred Entry
Lutz, Stefan H. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2000 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.15 No.2
In a model of vertical product differentiation, duopolistic firms face quality-dependent costs and compete in quality and price in two segmented markets. Minimum quality standards, set uniformly or according to the principle of Mutual Recognition, can be used to increase welfare. The analysis includes entry deterrence by the choice of a particular standard. With identical costs, both industries remain in the market under either regulatory alternative. Mutual Recognition is the optimal policy choice for either region. With significantly different costs, the Full-Harmonization outcome includes only one firm and leads to a maximal sum of regional welfare.
Lutz, M.F.M.,Lange, J.S.,Pennington, M.,Bettoni, D.,Brambilla, N.,Crede, V.,Eidelman, S.,Gillitzer, A.,Gradl, W.,Lang, C.B.,Metag, V.,Nakano, T.,Nieves, J.,Neubert, S.,Oka, M.,Olsen, S.L.,Pappagallo, North Holland Pub. Co 2016 Nuclear physics. A Vol.948 No.-
<P>We report on the EMMI Rapid Reaction Task Force meeting 'Resonances in QCD', which took place at GSI October 12-14,2015. A group of 26 people met to discuss the physics of resonances in QCD. The aim of the meeting was defined by the following three key questions: What is needed to understand the physics of resonances in QCD? Where does QCD lead us to expect resonances with exotic quantum numbers? What experimental efforts are required to arrive at a coherent picture? For light mesons and baryons only those with up, down and strange quark content were considered. For heavy-light and heavy-heavy meson systems, those with charm quarks were the focus. This document summarizes the discussions by the participants, which in turn led to the coherent conclusions we present here. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Cycles through a given set of vertices in regular multipartite tournaments
Lutz Volkmann,Stefan Winzen 대한수학회 2007 대한수학회지 Vol.44 No.3
A tournament is an orientation of a complete graph, and in generala multipartite or c-partite tournament is an orientation of acomplete c-partite graph.In a recent article, the authors proved that a regular c-partitetournament with r ge 2 vertices in each partite set contains acycle with exactly r-1 vertices from each partite set, withexception of the case that c = 4 and r = 2. Here we willexamine the existence of cycles with r-2 vertices from eachpartite set in regular multipartite tournaments where the r-2vertices are chosen arbitrarily. Let D be a regular c-partitetournament and let X subseteq V(D) be an arbitrary set withexactly 2 vertices of each partite set. For all c ge 4 wewill determine the minimal value g(c) such that D-X isHamiltonian for every regular multipartite tournament with r geg(c).
Complementary Cycles in Regular Multipartite Tournaments, Where One Cycle Has Length Four
Lutz Volkmann 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2004 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.44 No.2
The vertex set of a digraph D is denoted by V(D). A c-partite tournament is an orientation of a complete c-partite graph.In 1999, Yeo conjectured that each regular c-partite tournament D with c 4 and jV(D)j 8 contains a pair of vertex disjoint directed cycles of lengths 4 and jV(D)j 4. An example will demonstrate that Yeo’s conjecture is not true in general for regular 4-partite tournaments with two vertices in each partite. However, in all other cases we shall confirm this conjecture in affirmative.
Lutz Bornmann,Robin Haunschild 대한의학회 2018 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.33 No.18
The h-index is frequently used to measure the performance of single scientists in Korea (and beyond). No single indicator alone, however, is able to provide a stable and complete assessment of performance. The Stata command bibrep.ado is introduced which automatically produces bibliometric reports for single researchers (senior researchers working in the natural or life sciences). The user of the command receives a comprehensive bibliometric report which can be used in research evaluation instead of the h-index.
Papillomaviruses and Human Genital Cancer
( Lutz Gissmann,Andress Kleinheinz,Magnus Von Knebeldoeberitz ) 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) represent a very heterogeneous group of epitheliotropic viruses (more than 50 different types have been identified so far). The 8 kbp circular genomes of several types have been sequenced and were shown to be of similar organization. They consist of an early as well as a late region each carrying 7 and 2 open reading frames, respectively. In addition there is a non-coding region of approximately 1 kbp in size which contains the cis-elements for virus replication and regulation of transcription. Papillomaviruses induce benign lesions (warts, papillomas, condylomata etc.) in skin or mucosa. In addition, some of the HPV types are associated with malignant tumors, i.e. certain types of skin cancer and tumors of the ano-genital tract. The best studied system is the correlation between cancer of the uterine cervix and HPV type 16 and 18. Although a causal relationship between virus and tumor cannot be proven formally in a human system, there is good evidence that these viruses are causatively involved in tumor development rather than being innocent passengers in the cancer cells. 1. Early viral genes are expressed in tumor cells and this activity is maintained in cervical carcinoma cell lines for many years. 2. Transforming activity of these genes in vitro could be demonstrated in different cells. Experiments including the use of anti-sense RNA complementary to early papillomavirus genes will be presented which suggest that the expression of early viral genes is required not only initially in the establishment of malignant growth but is constantly needed to maintain the transformed phenotype. In addition, the role of co-factors in the development of cervical cancer and some future aspects of diagnosis, treatment and prevention will be discussed.