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임정희(Jeonghee Lim) 국제법평론회 2023 국제법평론 Vol.- No.64
The Part XII of the UNCLOS, entitled “Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment,” is by nature a framework and does not contain detailed norms and contents. Therefore, the role of due diligence in understanding and implementing marine environmental protection is critical. Due diligence can fill the gap in the content of specific obligations, serve as a criteria for fulfilling the obligation to protect the marine environment, and act as a factor to strengthen such obligation. With regard to the obligation to protect the marine environment, considering it merely element for determining breach of the obligations in the context of “State responsibility” has a limitation. Because the nature of the marine environment protection obligation requires the prevention of the pollution or harm to the marine environment. Given the nature of the primary obligation, due diligence can perform the function to bridge the gap between primary and secondary obligations. As due diligence is a flexible and variable concept, states can strengthen obligations to protect the marine environment and prevent marine pollution by reflecting the higher standards enabled by technological development. However, there is a concern that the flexible nature of this concept allows countries to have broader discretion in fulfilling obligations. This is because there is room for countries to interpret the degree of their obligations differently due to the subjective characteristics of expressions such as “all appropriate,” “as much as possible,” “necessary,” and “effective.” Recognizing these limitations, it would be desirable to enforce compliance with the proceduralization of the due diligence obligations. This includes developing each procedural obligation for the protection of marine environment and defining the forms and criteria of the due diligence obligation within the context of each procedural obligation. By doing so, countries can ensure that due diligence is implemented consistently and effectively in protecting the marine environment.
Lee, Jeonghee,Lim, Chang Hwy,Park, Jong-Won,Kim, Ik-Hyun,Moon, Myung Kook,Lim, Yong-Kon The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2017 방사선방어학회지 Vol.42 No.4
Background: X-ray imaging detectors for the nondestructive cargo container inspection using MeV-energy X-rays should accurately portray the internal structure of the irradiated container. Internal and external factors can cause noise, affecting image quality, and scattered radiation is the greatest source of noise. To obtain a high-performance transmission image, the influence of scattered radiation must be minimized, and this can be accomplished through several methods. The scatter rejection method using an anti-scatter grid is the preferred method to reduce the impact of scattered radiation. In this paper, we present an evaluation the characteristics of the signal and noise according to physical and material changes in the anti-scatter grid of the imaging detector used in cargo container scanners. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the characteristics of the signal and noise according to changes in the grid ratio and the material of the anti-scatter grid in an X-ray image detector using MCNP6. The grid was composed of iron, lead, or tungsten, and the grid ratio was set to 2.5, 12.5, 25, or 37.5. X-ray spectrum sources for simulation were generated by 6- and 9-MeV electron impacts on the tungsten target using MCNP6. The object in the simulation was designed using metallic material of various thicknesses inside the steel container. Using the results of the computational simulation, we calculated the change in the scatter-to-primary ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio improvement factor according to the grid ratio and the grid material, respectively. Results and Discussion: Changing the grid ratios of the anti-scatter grid and the grid material decreased the scatter linearly, affecting the signal-to-noise ratio. Conclusion: The grid ratio and material of the anti-scatter grid affected the response characteristics of a container scanner using high-energy X-rays, but to a minimal extent; thus, it may not be practically effective to incorporate anti-scatter grids into container scanners.
Rhyme of Truce, Training Program for moral psychology in Cyberspace
JeongHee Cho,Chan Lim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.8 No.1
Rhyme of Truce is an educational program that helps you develop the ability to cope with cyber violence rightly. we aim to produce educational contents that will last a long time in the memory of specially children. By combining the room escape game and Leap motion / VR, the program reflects the user's motion and action in real time. The Keyboard Worrier comes into contact with the user and causes violence, and the user who is attacked by the monster see several negative messages written in red and hears abuses sound. Users enter the virtual space decorated as the cyber world. They can experience cyber-violence indirectly but vividly, and if language violence, which has been overlooked and recognized only as "letters", is executed offline, it will directly wonder if cyber-violence should also be regarded as a means of violence. Users have the opportunity to cope with violence autonomously. When a user is attacked by an in-game monster, there are two ways to choose from. First, fighting against with a keyboard (which is a symbol of language violence) just like a monster. Second, report the abuser to cyber bureau police. Both methods make them to escape the room, but when they get out of the room and return to the home and read the message through the monitor, users can recognize which action was right for.
Lim, So-Hee,Kwon, Seok-Kyu,Lee, Myung Kyu,Moon, Jeonghee,Jeong, Dae Gwin,Park, Eunha,Kim, Seung Jun,Park, Byung Chul,Lee, Sang Chul,Ryu, Seong-Eon,Yu, Dae-Yeul,Chung, Bong Hyun,Kim, Eunjoon,Myung, Pyu Published for the European Molecular Biology Organ 2009 The EMBO journal Vol.28 No.22
<P>The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) have been linked to signal transduction, cell adhesion, and neurite extension. PTPRT/RPTPrho is exclusively expressed in the central nervous system and regulates synapse formation by interacting with cell adhesion molecules and Fyn protein tyrosine kinase. Overexpression of PTPRT in cultured neurons increased the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses by recruiting neuroligins that interact with PTPRT through their ecto-domains. In contrast, knockdown of PTPRT inhibited synapse formation and withered dendrites. Incubation of cultured neurons with recombinant proteins containing the extracellular region of PTPRT reduced the number of synapses by inhibiting the interaction between ecto-domains. Synapse formation by PTPRT was inhibited by phosphorylation of tyrosine 912 within the membrane-proximal catalytic domain of PTPRT by Fyn. This tyrosine phosphorylation reduced phosphatase activity of PTPRT and reinforced homophilic interactions of PTPRT, thereby preventing the heterophilic interaction between PTPRT and neuroligins. These results suggest that brain-specific PTPRT regulates synapse formation through interaction with cell adhesion molecules, and this function and the phosphatase activity are attenuated through tyrosine phosphorylation by the synaptic tyrosine kinase Fyn.</P>
Rhyme of Truce, Training Program for moral psychology in Cyberspace
Cho, JeongHee,Lim, Chan The Institute of Internet 2019 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.8 No.1
Rhyme of Truce is an educational program that helps you develop the ability to cope with cyber violence rightly. we aim to produce educational contents that will last a long time in the memory of specially children. By combining the room escape game and Leap motion / VR, the program reflects the user's motion and action in real time. The Keyboard Worrier comes into contact with the user and causes violence, and the user who is attacked by the monster see several negative messages written in red and hears abuses sound. Users enter the virtual space decorated as the cyber world. They can experience cyber-violence indirectly but vividly, and if language violence, which has been overlooked and recognized only as "letters", is executed offline, it will directly wonder if cyber-violence should also be regarded as a means of violence. Users have the opportunity to cope with violence autonomously. When a user is attacked by an in-game monster, there are two ways to choose from. First, fighting against with a keyboard (which is a symbol of language violence) just like a monster. Second, report the abuser to cyber bureau police. Both methods make them to escape the room, but when they get out of the room and return to the home and read the message through the monitor, users can recognize which action was right for.