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`예외상태 상례화`로서의 유신헌법과 한국적 민주주의 담론
이상록 ( Lee Sang Rok ) 역사문제연구소 2016 역사문제연구 Vol.20 No.1
Restoration system is constantly emphasized the `sum` to configure the homogenization that `national` subjects. The core of the Restoration system was a system which encourages competition and end the crisis North Korea, it was composed in the form of economies war(經濟戰). Kim Il Sung`s only ruling bloc of the South felt a sense of urgency overlooking the ruling system, in order to win the economies around merrily under organization of national power, maximize efficiency, the flag of the `sum` for a self-help (自助) to be their labor Warriors It was required to `the people`. System was to require a `search machines` appeal under the leadership of President Park Chung-hee solar distraction of moving subjects to be `being the people`. Restoration system, basing such a rosy future, leaps and bounds growth of population livelihood as the national economy, the welfare state `80s achieved national culture` was the cry develpoment tried to secure national identity. Such efforts but also reap certain achievements, personal body on the train of industrialization in fact, state the desire of the public is constantly being difficult to differentiate and segment stitching iteotgie in the name of `the people`. Effects of consumption desires of the public and cultural needs of the industrial, social and were eager etc. for the rise is amplified, they are viewed from the banner of the `sum` `extravagant and decadent. Enjoyment. Corruption` things to be ruled out in the name of such It was. Oppression of OCD and 70 control of the ruling bloc`s ruling system configurations for homogeneous entity called `citizens` censorship surveillance. Were placed on the ground to strengthen the discipline Tuesday. Restoration regime ended by “personal domination” of the lies that were `Leader` Park on top with a 10.26 death, the state of exception was being continued in sovereign bonds of dictatorship and nationalism as `exceptions` and not `rules`.
KSR1 is coordinately regulated with Notch signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in thyroid cancer
Lee, Jandee,Seol, Mi-Youn,Jeong, Seonhyang,Kwon, Hyeong Ju,Lee, Cho Rok,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Kang, Sang-Wook,Jeong, Jong Ju,Shin, Dong Yeob,Nam, Kee-Hyun,Lee, Eun Jig,Chung, Woong Youn,Jo, Young Suk Journal of Endocrinology (Ltd. by Guarantee) 2015 Journal of molecular endocrinology Vol.54 No.2
<P>Kinase suppressor of RAS1 (KSR1) is a scaffold protein implicated in RAS-mediated RAF activation. However, the molecular function of KSR in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the role of KSR1 in patients with PTC. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed inter-tumor heterogeneities in the expression of KSR1 in PTC tissues. Interestingly, BRAFV600E-positive PTC showed higher <I>KSR1</I> mRNA expression than BRAFV600E-negative PTC (<I>P</I><0.001). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using public repositories showed that high KSR1 expression coordinately upregulated Notch signaling (nominal <I>P</I>=0.019, false discovery rate (FDR) <I>q</I>-value=0.165); this finding was supported by GeneNetwork analysis, indicating that <I>KSR1</I> expression is positively correlated with <I>NOTCH1</I> expression (<I>ρ</I>=0.677, <I>P</I>=6.15×10<SUP>−9</SUP>). siRNA against KSR1 (siKSR1) significantly decreased ERK phosphorylation induced by BRAFV600E, resulting in reduced expression of <I>NOTCH1</I> and <I>HES1</I>, targets of Notch signaling. GSEA revealed that high KSR1 expression was also associated with downregulation of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Consistent with this, electron microscopy showed that PTCs with high KSR1 expression exhibited structural defects of the mitochondrial cristae. Furthermore, siKSR1-transfected BCPAP and 8505C cells generated fewer colonies in colony-forming assays. In addition, GSEA showed that high expression of KSR2 and connector enhancer of KSR1 (CNKSR1) also coordinately upregulated Notch signaling (KSR2: nominal <I>P</I>=0.0097, FDR <I>q</I>-value=0.154 and CNKSR1: nominal <I>P</I><0.0001, FDR <I>q</I>-value=0.00554), and high CNKSR2 was associated with downregulation of the OxPhos gene set (nominal <I>P</I><0.0001, FDR <I>q</I>-value <0.0001). In conclusion, KSR1 is coordinately regulated with Notch signaling and OxPhos in PTC, because its scaffold function might be required to sustain the proliferative signaling and metabolic remodeling associated with this type of cancer.</P>
Lee, Jandee,Seol, Mi-Youn,Jeong, Seonhyang,Lee, Cho Rok,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Kang, Sang-Wook,Jeong, Jong Ju,Shin, Dong Yeob,Nam, Kee-Hyun,Lee, Eun Jig,Chung, Woong Youn,Jo, Young Suk Wolters Kluwer Health 2015 Medicine Vol.94 No.2
<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Metabolic reprogramming has been regarded as an essential component of malignant transformation. However, the clinical significance of metabolic heterogeneity remains poorly characterized.</P><P>The aim of this study was to characterize metabolic heterogeneity in thyroid cancers via the analysis of the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), and investigate potential prognostic correlations.</P><P>Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and gene network analysis was performed using public repository data. Cross-sectional observational study was conducted to classify papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) by the expression of MRP L44 (MRPL44) messenger RNA (mRNA), and to investigate the clinicopathological features.</P><P>GSEA clearly showed that the expression of OxPhos and MRP gene sets was significantly lower in primary thyroid cancer than in matched normal thyroid tissue. However, 8 of 49 primary thyroid tumors (16.3%) in the public repository did not show a reduction in OxPhos mRNA expression. Remarkably, strong positive correlations between MRPL44 expression and those of OxPhos and MRPs such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 α subcomplex, 5; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D; cytochrome c, somatic; adenosine triphosphate synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9); and MRP S5 (MRPS5) (<I>P</I> < 0.0001) were clearly denoted, suggesting that MRPL44 is a representative marker of OxPhos and MRP expressions. In laboratory experiments, metabolic heterogeneity in oxygen consumption, extracellular acidification rates (ECARs), and amounts of OxPhos complexes were consistently observed in BCPAP, TPC1, HTH-7, and XTC.UC1 cell lines. In PTCs, metabolic phenotype according to OxPhos amount defined by expression of MRPL44 mRNA was significantly related to lymph node metastasis (LNM) (<I>P</I> < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis clearly indicated that expression of MRPL44 is associated with an increased risk of lateral neck LNM (odds ratio 9.267, 95% confidence interval 1.852–46.371, <I>P</I> = 0.007).</P><P>MRPL44 expression may be a representative marker of metabolic phenotype according to OxPhos amount and a useful predictor of LNM.</P></▼2>
New Read Schemes Using Boosted Channel Potential of Adjacent Bit-Line Strings in nand Flash Memory
Sung-Min Joe,Min-Kyu Jeong,Myounggon Kang,Kyoung-Rok Han,Sung-Kye Park,Jong-Ho Lee IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.8
<P>New schemes of read operation using boosted channel potential of adjacent bit-line (BL) strings are proposed for improving on-state current of a cell string in nand Flash memory. The channel resistance of pass cells in a cell string under read operation is decreased by the electric field due to the boosted channel potential of adjacent BL strings, which increases on-state current of the cell string. Proposed schemes give much smaller read disturbance compared with conventional ones because the boosted channel potential of unselected BL strings prevents soft programming in cells of the unselected BL strings. It was also shown that new read operation of #2 scheme leads to suppress the background pattern dependence by ~58%, as compared with the conventional read operation scheme.</P>
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bangpungtongsung-San, a Traditional Herbal Prescription
Lee, Chul Won,Kim, Sang Chan,Kwak, Tae Won,Lee, Jong Rok,Jo, Mi Jeong,Ahn, Yong-Tae,Kim, Jong Myoung,An, Won G. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2012 No.-
<P>Bangpungtongsung-san (BPTS), a traditional oriental herbal prescription, is widely used for expelling wind, draining heat, and providing general improvement to the immune system. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPTS on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS- ) stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, and on paw edema in rats. At concentrations of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL, treatment with BPTS inhibited levels of expression of LPS-induced NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38) as well as production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), tumor necrosis factor-<I><I>α</I></I> (TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by LPS. These results suggest that BPTS may exert anti-inflammatory effects via reduction of proinflammatory mediators, including NO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>, and IL-6 through suppression of the signaling pathways of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophages. In addition, using the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, an antiedema effect of BPTS was observed in rats. These findings may provide scientific evidence validating the use of BPTS in treatment of patients with heat syndrome in Korean oriental medicine.</P>
[PE-0005] A White Waxy Hybrid Corn, ?Dodamchal? with Good Eating Quality
Sang-Woo Kim(Sang-Woo Kim),Jong Hyeong Lee(Jong Hyeong Lee),Byoung Rourl Choi(Byoung Rourl Choi),Eun Kyu Jang(Eun Kyu Jang),Young Rok Kim(Young Rok Kim),Hae Chan Jung(Hae Chan Jung),Jung-Hee Jang(Jung 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-
Lee, Ho Sup,Kim, Kihyun,Yoon, Dok Hyun,Kim, Jin Seok,Bang, Soo-Mee,Lee, Jeong-Ok,Eom, Hyeon Seok,Lee, Hyewon,Kim, Inho,Lee, Won Sik,Bae, Sung Hwa,Kim, Se Hyung,Lee, Mark Hong,Do, Young Rok,Lee, Jae Ho Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 BioMed research international Vol.2014 No.-
<P>Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell proliferative malignancy characterized by immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Clinical features and cytogenetics of WM in Asia including Republic of Korea remain unclear. Moreover, no study has reported treatment outcomes in patients with WM treated with novel agent combined with conventional chemotherapy. This study investigated clinical features and assessed treatment outcomes with novel agent and conventional chemotherapy in Republic of Korea. Data from all (<I>n</I> = 71) patients with newly diagnosed WM at 17 hospitals who received chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2012 were collected retrospectively. The median age of patients was 66 years (range: 37–92 years) and male to female ratio was 5 : 1. Patients treated with novel agent combined chemotherapy displayed higher overall response rate (ORR) compared to conventional chemotherapy alone (92.9% versus 52.6%, <I>P</I> = 0.006). The 5-year overall survival rate was 62.6% (95% confidence interval: 34.73–111.07). Use of novel agents produced higher ORR but survival benefit was not apparent due to the small number of patients and short follow-up duration. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of novel agents in patients with WM.</P>
Association Between Obesity and BRAFV600E Mutation Status in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Lee, Jandee,Lee, Cho Rok,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Kang, Sang-Wook,Jeong, Jong Ju,Shin, Dong Yeob,Nam, Kee-Hyun,Jung, Sang Geun,Lee, Eun Jig,Chung, Woong Youn,Jo, Young Suk Springer - Society of Surgical Oncology 2015 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.22 No.suppl3