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The Art and Science of Nursing: Care and Critical Thinking
Sheryl Branch Fain,Ramona Browder Lazenby 대한사고개발학회 1996 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.6 No.2
For over 100 years, the nurse was considered to be a subservient handmaiden who merely met the physical needs of the sick. Not until the Civil War was the importance of formal education acknowledged. Over the past 10-20 years, care has been lost from nursing while technology has soared .. Every day research reveals new and better ways to solve existing problems as well as the identification of new problems. Perhaps one of the fastest growing areas of new information discovery is in the field of health care. while all this technology may improve or prolong life, the nurse is left feeling overwhelmed and the patient feeling less than human. There must be a balance between the art (caring) and the science (critical thinking) of nursing. The equation to meet this balance is constantly being challenged. A common comment from all nurse educators is, "There is just not enough time to teach everything these students needs to know". Nurse educators must rethink the way nursing students are being educated. No longer can the instructor tell the student everything they need to know to be successful. Nurse educators must teach students how to think critically. Students must be taught basic concepts and then be taught to apply these basic concepts in varying situations. In tum the student becomes responsible for his/her own learning and begins to build upon the concepts of critical thinking.
Time-Resolved Detection and Analysis of Single Nanoparticle Electrocatalytic Impacts
Kang, Minkyung,Perry, David,Kim, Yang-Rae,Colburn, Alex W.,Lazenby, Robert A.,Unwin, Patrick R. American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.34
<P>There is considerable interest in understanding the interaction and activity of single entities, such as (electro)catalytic nanoparticles (NPs), with (electrode) surfaces. Through the use of a high bandwidth, high signal/noise measurement system, NP impacts on an electrode surface are detected and analyzed in unprecedented detail, revealing considerable new mechanistic information on the process. Taking the electrocatalytic oxidation of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> at ruthenium oxide (RuO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>) NPs as an example, the rise time of current–time transients for NP impacts is consistent with a hydrodynamic trapping model for the arrival of a NP with a distance-dependent NP diffusion-coefficient. NP release from the electrode appears to be aided by propulsion from the electrocatalytic reaction at the NP. High-frequency NP impacts, orders of magnitude larger than can be accounted for by a single pass diffusive flux of NPs, are observed that indicate the repetitive trapping and release of an individual NP that has not been previously recognized. The experiments and models described could readily be applied to other systems and serve as a powerful platform for detailed analysis of NP impacts.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-34/jacs.5b05856/production/images/medium/ja-2015-05856p_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja5b05856'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>