Exposure to Tobacco Advertising and Promotion among School Children Aged 13-15 in Vietnam - an Overview from GYTS 2014

Tran, Khanh Long,Phung, Xuan Son,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thi Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Hoang, Van Minh,Le, Thi Thanh Huong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Evidence shows that tobacco advertising and promotion activities may increase tobacco consumption and usage, especially in youth. Despite the regulation on prohibiting advertisement of any tobacco product, tobacco advertisement and promotion activities are still common in Vietnam. This article presents current exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion (TAP) among school children aged 13 to 15 years in Vietnam in 2014 and potential influencing factors. Data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014 in Vietnam covering 3,430 school aged children were used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out with Stata 13 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was applied to explain the exposure to TAP among youth and examine relationships with individual factors. A significance level of p<0.05 and sampling weights were used in all of the computations. In the past 30 days, 48.6% of the students experienced exposure to at least 1 type of tobacco advertising or promotion. Wearing or otherwise using products related to tobacco was the most exposure TAP type reported by students (22.3%). The internet (22.1), points of sales (19.2) and social events (11.5) were three places that students aged 13-15 frequently were exposed to TAP. Binary logistic results showed that gender (female vs male) (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.52 - 0.71), susceptibility to smoking (OR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.53 - 2.92), closest friends' smoked (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.2 - 1.7) and parents smoking status (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.6 - 5.01) were significantly associated with TAP exposure among school-aged children. The research findings should contribute to effective implementation of measures for preventing and controlling tobacco use among students aged 13-15 in Viet Nam.

Control of morphology and Orientation of Electrochemically Grown ZnO Nanorods

Tran Hoang Cao Son,Le Khac Top,Nguyen Thi Dong Tri,Ha Thuc Chi Nhan,Lam Quang Vinh,Bach Thang Phan,김상섭,Le Van Hieu 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.2

We report the direct electrochemical deposition of ZnO nanorods on an indium tin oxide substrate. Themorphology and orientation of the grown ZnO nanorods were investigated as functions of the currentdensity. It is likely that the concentrations of OH- and Zn2+ ions, which could be controlled by varying thecurrent density, determine the shape and alignment of the ZnO nanorods. The nanorods were tilted, hexagonal,and prismatic at a low current density (0.1 mA/cm2) and vertically aligned and obelisk-shaped at highcurrent densities (greater than 0.6 mA/cm2). By using the low and high current densities sequentially in atwo-step growth process, vertically aligned, hexagonal, and prismatic ZnO nanorods could be grownsuccessfully. The underlying mechanism responsible for the growth of the ZnO nanorods is also discussed.

Violation of Bans on Tobacco Advertising and Promotion at Points of Sale in Viet Nam: Trend from 2009 - 2015

Le, Thi Thanh Huong,Tran, Khanh Long,Phung, Xuan Son,Do, Phuc Huyen,Phan, Thuy Linh,Nguyen, Ngoc Bich,Nguyen, Xuan Lam,Le, Vu Anh,Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion were introduced through tobacco control legislation in Viet Nam, but it has been established that violations of the bans are very common. This study was conducted to explore the trend in violations of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in Viet Nam in the past six years and to explore any differences in the violation situations before and after the Law on Tobacco Control came into effect on 1st May 2013. Quantitative data were collected through observation of violations of the bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in 10 provinces throughout Viet Nam in four survey rounds (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2015). Variation in violation prevalence over time was examined by chi-square test using a Bonferini method. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors that may have influences on different types of violation. A level of significance of p<0.05 was used for all tests in this article. The most common form of violation was the display of more than one pack/one carton of a cigarette brand. Violation of bans on tobacco advertising increased while violations on promotion ban and on displaying tobacco decreased through time. Some factors associated with the tobacco advertising and promotion bans included surveyed years, types of points of sale, regions and areas where the points of sale were located. The enforcement of the bans did not improve even after the issuance and the enactment of the Law on Tobacco Control. This suggests that the monitoring and enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale should be strengthened. Penalties should be strictly applied for violators as indicated in the current tobacco control legislation.

Expression analyses of soybean genes encoding methionine-Rsulfoxide reductase under various conditions suggest a possible role in the adaptation to stress

Ha Duc Chu,Kim-Lien Nguyen,Yasuko Watanabe,Dung Tien Le,Lam-Son Phan Tran 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.5

Under stress, plant cellular proteins can be oxidized at multiple amino acid residues causing protein dysfunction that may lead to reduced viability of plants. One of the oxidized amino acids, methionine sulfoxide (MetO), was frequently found in stressed plants. In soybeans, there are five methionine-R-sulfoxide reductases (GmMSRBs) responsible for the reduction of Met-R-O, one of the two MetO isomers. To identify GmMSRBs that may be involved in repairing Met-R-O under different stress conditions, we determined transcript levels of GmMSRBs in various tissues subjected to dehydration/drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA) during different developmental stages. Under normal conditions, expression levels were the highest in leaves, followed by roots, and lowest in seeds and seed pods. Among the GmMSRBs, transcripts of GmMSRB1 in the leaves were the highest; at the same time, GmMSRB5 was shown to be expressed at the lowest levels. Expression of GmMSRBs were then determined under stress-inducing conditions. In seedling shoots, GmMSRB2 and GmMSRB5 were expressed in response to drought conditions. In vegetative V6 trifolia, only GmMSRB3 was induced under drought. In reproductive R2 trifolia, the expression of GmMSRB2 and GmMSRB5 were induced by drought. However, expressions of all five GmMSRBs in the roots were not affected by the any stressinducing conditions. Under salt stress, GmMSRB1 was downregulated in seedling shoots and GmMSRB5 was up-regulated in seedling roots. Treatment with ABA did not affect the transcript levels of any GmMSRBs in seedling shoots. However, this treatment up-regulatesGmMSRB2 in seedling roots. Our data suggested that with the exception of GmMSRB4, all the remaining four GmMSRBs play a role in soybean responses to multiple environmental stresses and that genes encoding cytosolic and plastidic GmMSRBs respond differently under stress.

Expression analyses of soybean genes encoding methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase under various conditions suggest a possible role in the adaptation to stress

Chu, Ha Duc,Nguyen, Kim-Lien,Watanabe, Yasuko,Le, Dung Tien,Tran, Lam-Son Phan The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.5

Under stress, plant cellular proteins can be oxidized at multiple amino acid residues causing protein dysfunction that may lead to reduced viability of plants. One of the oxidized amino acids, methionine sulfoxide (MetO), was frequently found in stressed plants. In soybeans, there are five methionine-R-sulfoxide reductases (GmMSRBs) responsible for the reduction of Met-R-O, one of the two MetO isomers. To identify GmMSRBs that may be involved in repairing Met-R-O under different stress conditions, we determined transcript levels of GmMSRBs in various tissues subjected to dehydration/drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA) during different developmental stages. Under normal conditions, expression levels were the highest in leaves, followed by roots, and lowest in seeds and seed pods. Among the GmMSRBs, transcripts of GmMSRB1 in the leaves were the highest; at the same time, GmMSRB5 was shown to be expressed at the lowest levels. Expression of GmMSRBs were then determined under stress-inducing conditions. In seedling shoots, GmMSRB2 and GmMSRB5 were expressed in response to drought conditions. In vegetative V6 trifolia, only GmMSRB3 was induced under drought. In reproductive R2 trifolia, the expression of GmMSRB2 and GmMSRB5 were induced by drought. However, expressions of all five GmMSRBs in the roots were not affected by the any stressinducing conditions. Under salt stress, GmMSRB1 was down-regulated in seedling shoots and GmMSRB5 was up-regulated in seedling roots. Treatment with ABA did not affect the transcript levels of any GmMSRBs in seedling shoots. However, this treatment up-regulates GmMSRB2 in seedling roots. Our data suggested that with the exception of GmMSRB4, all the remaining four GmMSRBs play a role in soybean responses to multiple environmental stresses and that genes encoding cytosolic and plastidic GmMSRBs respond differently under stress.