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Lakshmanan, Pandian,Kim, Dong Ha,Park, Eun Duck American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5
<P>We examined the effect of the particle size of gold on steam reforming of methanol over Au/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts. Gold was loaded onto CeO2-ZrO2 through deposition-precipitation. The average particle size (2-12 nm) of the gold was controlled by thermal reduction under H-2 at various temperatures and by chemical reduction with various reducing agents. The catalytic activity decreased significantly with increasing particle size of the gold. The turnover frequency at the interface between gold and a support appeared to be independent of particle size in the range 2-5 nm, which implies that the perimeter of the particle may be the active site for this reaction. Methanol adsorption and conversion over these catalysts were also investigated with in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Analytical results for various adsorbed intermediate species during methanol conversion suggests that transformation of methoxy species is facilitated by use of smaller gold particles.</P>
Lakshmanan, S.,Rihan, F.A.,Rakkiyappan, R.,Park, J.H. Elsevier Ltd 2014 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS HYBRID SYSTEMS Vol.14 No.-
In this paper, we investigate the stability and robust stability criteria for genetic regulatory networks with interval time-varying delays and Markovian jumping parameters. The genetic regulatory networks have a finite number of modes, which may jump from one mode to another according to the Markov process. By using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, some sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to achieve the global asymptotic stability in the mean square of the considered genetic regulatory networks. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the obtained theoretical results.
Lakshmanan, N.,Raghuprasad, B.K.,Gopalakrishnan, N.,Sreekala, R.,Rama Rao, G.V. Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.6
The paper proposes two methodologies for damage identification from measured natural frequencies of a contiguously damaged reinforced concrete beam, idealised with distributed damage model. The first method identifies damage from Iso-Eigen-Value-Change contours, plotted between pairs of different frequencies. The performance of the method is checked for a wide variation of damage positions and extents. The method is also extended to a discrete structure in the form of a five-storied shear building and the simplicity of the method is demonstrated. The second method is through smeared damage model, where the damage is assumed constant for different segments of the beam and the lengths and centres of these segments are the known inputs. First-order perturbation method is used to derive the relevant expressions. Both these methods are based on distributed damage models and have been checked with experimental program on simply supported reinforced concrete beams, subjected to different stages of symmetric and un-symmetric damages. The results of the experiments are encouraging and show that both the methods can be adopted together in a damage identification scenario.
Lakshmanan, S.,Park, Ju H.,Rihan, Fathalla A.,Rakkiyappan, R. Chinese Physical Society 2014 Chinese Physics B Vol.23 No.7
<P>We consider the impulsive effect on the exponential synchronization of neural networks with leakage delay under the sampled-data feedback control. We use an appropriate Lyapunov—Krasovskii functional combined with the input delay approach and some inequality techniques to derive sufficient conditions that ensure the exponential synchronization of the delayed neural network. The conditions are formulated in terms of the leakage delay, the sampling period, and the exponential convergence rate. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness and the effectiveness of the results.</P>
Lakshmanan, Meiyappan,Zhang, Zhaoyang,Mohanty, Bijayalaxmi,Kwon, Jun-Young,Choi, Hong-Yeol,Nam, Hyung-Jin,Kim, Dong-Il,Lee, Dong-Yup American Society of Plant Biologists 2013 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.162 No.4
<P><I>A metabolic/regulatory network of rice incorporates two important tissue types, germinating seeds and photorespiring leaves, is validated through experiments with rice suspension cultures, and applied to analyze metabolic capability under flooding and drought conditions.</I></P>
Lakshmanan, P.,Park, J.E.,Kim, B.,Park, E.D. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.265 No.-
<P>The preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) under excess hydrogen over Au/MOx/Al2O3 (M = La, Ce, and Mg) catalysts was investigated. All catalysts were prepared by a deposition-precipitation method with urea and characterized with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, N-2 physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the supported gold catalysts was found to be dependent on the promoter, and decreased in the order: Au/La2O3/Al2O3 > Au/CeO2/Al2O3 > Au/MgO/Al2O3 > Au/Al2O3. The catalytic activity of the Au/La2O3/Al2O3 catalyst depended on the pretreatment conditions, i.e., reduction with aqueous NaBH4, thermal reduction with H-2, and calcination with O-2. This indicates that the oxidation state of gold is an important factor in the activity of the catalyst, and that metallic gold is more suitable than its oxidized form for this reaction. XPS results revealed that the treatment with aqueous NaBH4 resulted in more negative charge in gold particles than that of conventional thermal reduction under H-2. Smaller gold particles appeared to be favorable for the low-temperature CO-PROX activity of the Au/La2O3/Al2O3 catalysts, which showed stable CO-PROX performance, even in the presence of CO2. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>