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Xiao-Hui Wang,Yang Gao,Run-Dong Gao,Jing Wang,Xi-La Liu 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2017 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.19 No.3
Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars are widely used to protect the corrosion of the reinforcing bars in the RC elements under their in-service environments and external loads. In most field surveys, it was reported that the corrosion resistance of the epoxy-coated reinforcing bars is typically better than the uncoated bars. However, from the experimental tests conducted in the labs, it was reported that, under the same loads, the RC elements with epoxy-coated reinforcing bars had wider cracks than the elements reinforced with the ordinary bars. Although this conclusion may be true considering the bond reduction of the reinforcing bar due to the epoxy coating, the maximum service loads used in the experimental research may be a main reason. To answer these two phenomena, service performance of 15 RC beam specimens with uncoated and epoxy-coated reinforcements under different fatigue loads was experimentally studied. Influences of different coating thicknesses of the reinforcing bars, the fatigue load range and load upper limit as well as fatigue load cycles on the mechanical performance of RC test specimens are discussed. It is concluded that, for the test specimens subjected to the comparatively lower load range and load upper limit, adverse effect on the service performance of test specimens with thicker epoxy-coated reinforcing bars is negligible. With the increments of the coating thickness and the in-service loading level, i.e., fatigue load range, load upper limit and fatigue cycles, the adverse factor resulting from the thicker coating becomes noticeable.
Hesperidin Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipotoxicity in Rats by Inhibiting Pyroptosis
Ruixi Luo,Weiyi Tian,Yudie Hu,La Wang,Wenjia Wang,Ping Wang,Zunli Ke,Didong Lou 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.2
It is currently thought that excess fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes is a critical initiator in thedevelopment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipotoxicity can induce hepatocyte death; thus, reducing lipotoxicityis one of the most effective therapeutic methods to combat NAFLD. Abundant evidence has shown that hesperidin(HSP), a type of flavanone mainly found in citrus fruits, is able to ameliorate NAFLD, but the molecular mechanisms areunclear. We previously reported that pyroptosis contributed to NAFLD development and that inhibiting pyroptosis contributedto blunting the progression of NAFLD in rat models. Therefore, we questioned whether HSP could contribute to amelioratingNAFLD by modulating pyroptosis. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) induced dyslipidemia and hepatic lipotoxicity in rats,and HSP supplementation ameliorated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, the HFD also caused pyroptosis in theliver and pancreas, while HSP supplementation ameliorated pyroptosis. In vitro, we found that HSP ameliorated palmitic acidinducedlipotoxicity and pyroptosis in HepG2 and INS-1E cells. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that HSP has aprotective effect against liver and pancreas damage in terms of pyroptosis and provides a novel mechanism for the protectiveeffects of HSP on NAFLD.
Peiqing La,Xin Guo,Hongding Wang,Ting Shi,Xiaojuan Zhen,Fuan Wei,Xuefeng Lu 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.2
Bulk 1020 carbon steel was prepared by aluminothermic reaction casting. After casting, isothermal aging treatments at different temperatures are performed for different periods up to 8 h. Microstructure characterization was performed using many methods, including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the steel consisted of a nanocrystalline- ferrite matrix and a microcrystalline pearlite phase with a laminar structure. The average grain sizes of the ferrite were 23, 24, 28, and 37 nm for the cast steel and for samples annealed at 600, 800, and 1000 °C, respectively. As the annealing temperature increased, the volume fraction of the pearlite initially increased and then decreased, while the laminar spacing of pearlite increased from 240 to 900 nm. When annealed at 1000 °C, a spherical black micron pearlite particle was formed. The tensile and yield strength dramatically decreased, and the elongation varied slightly with the annealing temperature. A ductile phase was achieved by extending the holding time.
Zhang, Huina,Wang, Lin,Park, Jun Beom,Park, Paul,Yang, Victor C,Hollister, Scott J,La Marca, Frank,Lin, Chia-Ying BioMed Central 2009 Arthritis research & therapy Vol.11 No.6
<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Earlier work indicates that the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin, is anabolic to chondrogenic expression of rat intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, which suggests a potential role for simvastatin in IVD regeneration. In this study, we expand on our earlier work to test the effectiveness of simvastatin on disc degeneration utilizing a rat tail disc degeneration model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>30 rats that underwent 21 G needle-puncture at rat tail discs were injected with simvastatin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLGA-PEG) gel (5 mg/ml) or vehicle control at 4 weeks after needle injury. All animals were sacrificed 2 weeks after simvastatin injection. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), aggrecan, collagen type II, and collagen type I messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the rat nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <I>In vivo </I>magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to monitor changes in disc degeneration. Rat discs were also assessed by histology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O staining. In addition, the NP weight, glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and DNA content were also measured.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A single dose of simvastatin loaded in thermo-sensitive PEG-PLGA-PEG gel injected into the NP had the trend to increase aggrecan expression and sGAG content, and significantly increased mRNA levels of BMP-2, collagen type II, and the differentiation index (the ratio of collagen type II to collagen type I). The decreased NP weight, T2 intensity, as well as MRI index in the rat tail discs induced by needle puncture were significantly reversed after 2 weeks of simvastatin treatment. In addition, simvastatin treatment also improved histological changes induced by needle puncture.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>A single injection of simvastatin loaded in PEG-PLGA-PEG gel into rat tail discs had the potential to retard or regenerate the degenerative disc.</P>
Nam, Jutaek,La, Wan-Geun,Hwang, Sekyu,Ha, Yeong Su,Park, Nokyoung,Won, Nayoun,Jung, Sungwook,Bhang, Suk Ho,Ma, Yoon-Ji,Cho, Yong-Min,Jin, Min,Han, Jin,Shin, Jung-Youn,Wang, Eun Kyung,Kim, Sang Geol,Ch American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.4
<P>A challenge in using plasmonic nanostructure–drug conjugates for thermo–chemo combination cancer therapy lies in the huge size discrepancy; the size difference can critically differentiate their biodistributions and hamper the synergistic effect. Properly tuning the plasmonic wavelength for photothermal therapy typically results in the nanostructure size reaching ∼100 nm. We report a new combination cancer therapy platform that consists of relatively small 10 nm pH-responsive spherical gold nanoparticles and conjugated doxorubicins. They are designed to form aggregates in mild acidic environment such as in a tumor. The aggregates serve as a photothermal agent that can selectively exploit external light by their collective plasmon modes. Simultaneously, the conjugated doxorubicins are released. The spatiotemporal concertion is confirmed at the subcellular, cellular, and organ levels. Both agents colocalize in the cell nuclei. The conjugates accumulate in cancer cells by the rapid phagocytic actions and effective blockage of exocytosis by the increased aggregate size. They also effectively accumulate in tumors up to 17 times over the control because of the enhanced permeation and retention. The conjugates exhibit a synergistic effect enhanced by nearly an order of magnitude in cellular level. The synergistic effect is demonstrated by the remarkable reductions in both the therapeutically effective drug dosage and the photothermal laser threshold. Using an animal model, effective tumor growth suppression is demonstrated. The conjugates induce apoptosis to tumors without any noticeable damage to other organs. The synergistic effect <I>in vivo</I> is confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis over the thermal stress and drug-induced growth arrest.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-4/nn400223a/production/images/medium/nn-2013-00223a_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn400223a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Xiao-Hui Wang,Xi-La Liu 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2012 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.10 No.1
Although the effect of corrosion of reinforcing bar on the shear behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) beam had been simulated by tests of the beam with unbonded, half-exposed or wholeexposed tensile steel reinforcements as well as defective stirrup anchorages, theoretical methods to accurately predict remaining capacity of this kind of RC beams, especially shear capacity, are still lacking. Considering the possible position of the critical inclined crack, the actual pattern of strains in the concrete body within the partial length and the proposed compatibility condition of deformations of the RC beam, shear strength of the RC beam with unbonded or exposed tensile steel reinforcements and/or defective stirrup anchorages is predicted. Comparison between the model’s predictions with the experimental results published in the literature shows the practicability of the proposed model. Influence of the length of unbonded or exposed tensile steel reinforcements and the percentage of stirrups lacked end anchorages on the shear strength of the RC beam is discussed. It is concluded that, the shear strength of the RC beam with unbonded or exposed tensile steel reinforcements and/or defective stirrup anchorages is greatly influenced by the length of unbonded or exposed tensile steel reinforcements and the percentage of stirrups lacked end anchorages, this influence can be adverse, insignificant or even favourable, dependent on the given parameters of the corresponding normal bonded RC beam.