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L. Pu,W. Yue,C. Wulong,L. Wanjun 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is a promising topology for high voltage/power AC/DC and DC/AC applications. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an advanced and simple method for power converters control. However, its computational load becomes unacceptable when MMC voltage level increases. Although an optimized MPC proposed for the MMC decreased the number of the possible actuations of each phase from Cⁿ2N to N+1 for N+1 levels MMC, which is still difficult for application as the number of submodule for each arm reached hundreds. The Grouping-Sorting algorithm optimized MPC (GSOMPC) is proposed in the paper. The submodule capacitor voltages within the group and among groups are sorted according to the arm current polarity, the proposed GSOMPC decreased the number of the possible actuations of each phase from N+1 to 2X+M+3 (N=M×X) for N+1 levels MMC. The simulation and experimental results based on 25-level MMC verify the correctness and effectiveness of the GSOMPC strategy.
FUZZY TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PU J.-H.,YIN C.-L.,ZHANG J.-W. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.5
This paper presents a novel design of a fuzzy control strategy (FCS) based on torque distribution for parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An empirical load-regulating vehicle operation strategy is developed on the basis of analysis of the components efficiency map data and the overall energy conversion efficiency. The aim of the strategy is to optimize the fuel economy and balance the battery state-of-charge (SOC), while satisfying the vehicle performance and drivability requirements. In order to accomplish this strategy, a fuzzy inference engine with a rule-base extracted from the empirical strategy is designed, which works as the kernel of a fuzzy torque distribution controller to determine the optimal distribution of the driver torque request between the engine and the motor. Simulation results reveal that compared with the conventional strategy which uses precise threshold parameters the proposed FCS improves fuel economy as well as maintains better battery SOC within its operation range.
FUZZY TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
J.-H. PU,C.-L. YIN,J.-W. ZHANG 한국자동차공학회 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.5
This paper presents a novel design of a fuzzy control strategy (FCS) based on torque distribution for parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An empirical load-regulating vehicle operation strategy is developed on the basis of analysis of the components efficiency map data and the overall energy conversion efficiency. The aim of the strategy is to optimize the fuel economy and balance the battery state-of-charge (SOC), while satisfying the vehicle performance and drivability requirements. In order to accomplish this strategy, a fuzzy inference engine with a rule-base extracted from the empirical strategy is designed, which works as the kernel of a fuzzy torque distribution controller to determine the optimal distribution of the driver torque request between the engine and the motor. Simulation results reveal that compared with the conventional strategy which uses precise threshold parameters the proposed FCS improves fuel economy as well as maintains better battery SOC within its operation range.
Liu, Zhao L.,Yang, De P.,Chen, Pu,Dong, Wei X.,Wang, Dong M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.6
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing a fat diet with selenium (Se) and vitamin E on performance of cows, blood antioxidant status and milk fatty acid composition. Sixty-three lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into seven groups of nine cows each and each group was fed one of the following diets: i) a basal diet (control); ii) a basal diet with 0.15 mg Se/kg DM (LSe); iii) a basal diet with 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (HSe); iv) a basal diet with 5,000 IU/cow d vitamin E (LVE); v) a basal diet with 10,000 IU/cow d vitamin E (HVE); vi) a basal diet with 0.15 mg Se/kg DM and 5,000 IU/cow d vitamin E (LSeVE); vii) a basal diet with 0.3 mg Se/kg DM and 10,000 IU/cow d vitamin E (HSeVE). Milk fat percentage and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) yield in HVE and HSeVE diets increased (p<0.05) compared with the control diet. In milk fat, dietary supplementation of Se tended to increase the proportion of the sum of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and significantly decreased (p<0.05) the proportion of the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA). In addition, compared with the control, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was lower and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was higher when fat diets were supplemented with Se. Our data showed that supplementation with Se and/or VE improved these nutrients in blood and milk. The results indicated that fat diets supplemented with Se improved both antioxidant status in blood and fatty acids in milk fat, and fat diets supplemented with vitamin E alleviated milk fat depression. Therefore, the combination of Se and vitamin E caused synergistic effects on the nutritional quality of milk fat and performance of cows fed a fat diet.
A New Hybrid Cymbidium ‘Beauty Smile’ with Orange Colored Flower and Medium Type
Mi-Seon Kim,Pu-Hee Park,Byeong-Woo Yae,Young-Ran Lee,Pil-Man Park,Dong-Su Lee,Hye-Ryun An 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
A new hybrid, Cymbidium(C.) ‘Beauty smile’ was developed as new hybrid by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea in 2013. This hybrid came from the progenies crossed between C. ‘2113’(Accession No.) and C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Randevous’ in 2000. Finally, eighty seven seedlings were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2007, one line was selected by their performance such as flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth and named ‘Wongyuo F1-43. The line code 000550-78 had uniformity and excellent characteristics. The selected line after second characteristics test was named as ‘Beauty smile’. This hybrid had bright pink colored petal and lip (RP63D)and large sized flower(diameter 8.3cm). A ‘Beauty smile’ had about 13.3 flowers per flower stalk and medium sized flower and plant. General impression of petals and sepals showed some incurved shape. The attitude of peduncle was half-erect. Bloom was started from middle of November under optimal culture condition.
Impact of a compound drop on a dry surface
R. H. Chen,M. J. Kuo,S. L. Chiu,J. Y. Pu,T. H. Lin 대한기계학회 2007 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.21 No.11
The impact of a water-in-oil compound drop on a dry quartz surface was studied. The impact outcomes depended on a core-to-overall mass ratio and a Weber number. For a Weber number less than 570 and a core-to-overall mass ratio ranging from 0.07 to 0.7, five collision patterns were observed: complete deposition, shell deposition with core partial rebound, shell splash with core-shell deposition, shell splash with core partial rebound, and shell splash with core-shell partial rebound. Past research has indicated that the splash phenomenon depends strongly on liquid properties such as surface tension and viscosity in addition to the properties of the solid surface and the surrounding gas. The liquid properties in a compound drop were made non-uniform by the presence of additional interfaces in the interior of the liquid drop.
J.B. Liu,S C Cao,J Liu,J. Pu,L. Chen,H F Zhang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.12
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and lipase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, intestinal morphology, small intestinal digestive enzyme activities, biochemical index of intestinal development and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weaning pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of 7.3±0.12 kg were used in this 28-d experiment. Weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of energy (net energy = 2,470 kcal/kg for low energy diet and 2,545 kcal/kg for basal diet) and 2 levels of lipase (0 and 1.5 U/g of lipase) according to BW and sex. There were 6 replications (pens) per treatment and 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). Results: Weaning pigs fed the low energy diet had lower (p<0.05) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) throughout the experiment, apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract, and gross energy during d 0 to 14, average daily gain during d 15 to 28, lipase activity in duodenum and ileum and protein/DNA in jejunum (p<0.05), respectively. Lipase supplementation had no effect on growth performance but affected apparent nutrient digestibility (p<0.05) on d 14 and enhanced lipase activity in the duodenum and ileum and protease activity in duodenum and jejunum of pigs (p<0.05) fed the low energy diet. Lipase reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG), NH3 production (p<0.05) from the feces. Conclusion: The low energy diet decreased G:F throughout the experiment and nutrient digestibility during d 0 to 14 as well as lipase activity in duodenum and ileum. Lipase supplementation increased nutrient digestibility during d 0 to 14 and exerted beneficial effects on lipase activity in duodenum and ileum as well as protease activity in duodenum and jejunum, while reduced serum LDL-C, TG and fecal NH3.