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Deubiquitination and Stabilization of PD-L1 by CSN5
Lim, Seung-Oe,Li, Chia-Wei,Xia, Weiya,Cha, Jong-Ho,Chan, Li-Chuan,Wu, Yun,Chang, Shih-Shin,Lin, Wan-Chi,Hsu, Jung-Mao,Hsu, Yi-Hsin,Kim, Taewan,Chang, Wei-Chao,Hsu, Jennifer L.,Yamaguchi, Hirohito,Ding Elsevier 2016 Cancer cell Vol.30 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment lead to eradication of anti-tumor immunity and enhanced tumor cell survival. In the current study, we identified tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a major factor triggering cancer cell immunosuppression against T cell surveillance via stabilization of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). We demonstrated that COP9 signalosome 5 (CSN5), induced by NF-κB p65, is required for TNF-α-mediated PD-L1 stabilization in cancer cells. CSN5 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1. Inhibition of CSN5 by curcumin diminished cancer cell PD-L1 expression and sensitized cancer cells to anti-CTLA4 therapy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TNF-α stabilizes cancer cell PD-L1 in response to chronic inflammation </LI> <LI> Activation of NF-κB by TNF-α induces CSN5 expression leading to PD-L1 stabilization </LI> <LI> CSN5 enzyme activity controls T cell suppression via PD-L1 deubiquitination </LI> <LI> Destabilization of PD-L1 by CSN5 inhibitor curcumin benefits anti-CTLA4 therapy </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Amaël Borzée,Yi Kweon Jang 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.09
The American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, has been described as a vector and reservoir of chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which has devastated many amphibian populations around the world. However, the prevalence of Bd carried by L. catesbeianus on local amphibian populations is infrequently tested. In the Republic of Korea, the introduced L. catesbeianus is known to be a predator of local amphibian species, including the endangered Dryophytes suweonensis and the ubiquitous D. japonicus. In this study we showed that the presence of L. catesbeianus results in a significant increase in Bd prevalence in the two treefrog species. Furthermore, Bd prevalence was four times higher in the endangered D. suweonensis than in the common D. japonicus for all 37 sites tested. In addition, the sites with L. catesbeianus were striking by the absence of D. suweonensisin their immediate vicinity. Although the factors for the negative impact of L. catesbeianus on D. suweonensis population cannot yet be established, L. catesbeianus-borne chytrid fungus is likely one of the causes for D. suweonensis decline.
Local electronic structure of Mn dopants in ZnO probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Chang, G S,Kurmaev, E Z,Jung, S W,Kim, H-J,Yi, G-C,Lee, S-I,Yablonskikh, M V,Pedersen, T M,Moewes, A,Finkelstein, L D IOP Pub 2007 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.19 No.27
<P>The electronic structure of Mn dopants in ZnO epitaxial thin films synthesized at different temperatures has been investigated using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. The resulting Mn L<SUB>2,3</SUB> x-ray emission spectra of Zn<SUB>0.8</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>O (resonantly excited at L<SUB>2</SUB> and L<SUB>3</SUB> absorption edges) reveal different spectral features depending on the growth temperature of the films. The relative integral intensity ratio of Mn L<SUB>2</SUB> to Mn L<SUB>3</SUB> emission lines is greatly suppressed in the case of nonmagnetic Zn<SUB>0.8</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>O grown at 700 °C due to L<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>3</SUB>M<SUB>4,5</SUB> Coster–Kronig transitions. The ferromagnetic sample grown at 600 °C exhibits a normal oxide structure. The results suggest that a high growth temperature causes direct Mn–Mn bonds from the segregation of Mn atoms in ZnO. Therefore the disappearance of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO can be attributed to antiferromagnetic Mn–Mn exchange interactions due to the inhomogeneous local environment around the Mn impurities.</P>
화면 훔쳐보기 문제에 대한 보다 넓은 이해를 위한 연구
이세희(Sehi L’Yi),조재민(Jaemin Jo),신동화(DongHwa Shin),서진욱(Jinwook Seo) 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1
화면 훔쳐보기 문제(shoulder-surfing problem)를 다룰 때, 패스워드나 스마트폰 잠금 해제 패턴 등 중요한 개인정보를 보호하기 위해서는 다양한 연구가 이루어진 반면 사적인 문자 보내기 같은 일상에서 중요한 정보들을 보호하려는 연구는 드물다. 이 논문에서는 일상생활에서 발생하는 화면 훔쳐보기 문제를 보다 넓게 이해하기 위해 대규모의 온라인 설문(n = 350)을 수행하고 그 결과를 발표한다. 설문결과에 의하면 사람들은 사용자 인증 과정 뿐만 아니라 문자 작성, 사진 탐색, 영상 재생 등의 가벼운 상황에서도 훔쳐보기 문제를 경험한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.
Gou, Lin,Zhan, Yi,Lee, Jinhyuk,Li, Xuan,Lü,, Zhi-Rong,Zhou, Hai-Meng,Lu, Hang,Wang, Xi-Yao,Park, Yong-Doo,Yang, Jun-Mo Humana Press 2015 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.175 No.4
<P>The inhibitory effect of L-malic acid (MA) on alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) was investigated by combination study between inhibition kinetics and computational simulations. The results from the serial kinetics demonstrated that MA could directly inactivate the enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner and a typical non-competitive type, as well as in a fast inactivate process without detectable time course. The tertiary conformation study with an application of spectrofluorimetry showed that MA modulated the tertiary structural conformation of alpha-glucosidase both on the overall and on regional active site pocket, which monitored by red-shift intrinsic fluorescence peak with decreases intensities, and the significant intensity increasing of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS)-binding fluorescence, respectively. To have more insight, we also adapted the computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that MA was located in the entrance of active pocket for the catalytic reaction and blocked the passage of substrate. It confirmed that MA inhibits as a non-competitive type, not direct docking to the glucose binding site. Our study provides important molecular mechanisms to figure out alpha-glucosidase inhibition that might associate to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus drug.</P>
Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH
Shi, Y.J.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, J.M.,Ko, W.H.,Diamond, P.H.,Yi, S.,Ida, K.,Lee, K.D.,Jeong, J.H.,Seo, S.H.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Bae, Y.S.,Terzolo, L.,Yun, G.S.,Bitter, M.,Hill, K. IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.1
<P>The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG → TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.</P>
Dong Soo Park,Soo Kwon Park,Bong Chun Lee,Song Yi Song,Nam Soo Jun,Norvie L. Manigbas,Jun Hyun Cho,Min Hee Nam,Jong Seong Jeon,Chang Deok Han,Kyung Jin Choi,Doh Hoon Kim,Young Min W 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.4
The rice embryo is rich in lipid and protein bodies, bioactive chemicals such as dietary fiber, phytic acids, vitamin B and E, and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) than the endosperm. In this paper, we report a new giant embryo mutant, ge(t), induced from somaclonal variation derived by anther culture in rice. Sequence analysis of Cytochrome P450 of the ge(t) mutant revealed that ge(t) is a new allele of the GE gene with a single point mutation with substitution of amino acid, W395 to L395. The weight of the ge(t) mutant embryo was 3.7 times higher than normal embryo. Tocopherol and mineral content were also higher than the previously reported giant embryo rice variety, Keunnun. These results indicated that this new giant embryo rice (ge(t)) offers a promising source of genetic material in improving nutritional quality of rice especially tocopherol, essential minerals, and GABA.
연쇄상구균에서 최소 유전체 설계 프로그램을 위한 유전체의 특성에 대한 연구
이충세, 이세희, 홍휘주, 정세희, 정대현, 김영창 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2013 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.21 No.1
Synthetic biology has enormous scope and many application. In this study, we analyzed genome for minimal genome design using essential genes which is early stage of study in Synthetic biology. We build a database to presume specific gene and essential gene and analyzed genome characteristics in Streptococcus and validate it using statistical reliability test. The number of essential genes we found are 478 which is little larger than essential genes provided by DEG. In the future, the algorithm for essential gene presumption will be utilized to analyze all the sequences of the identified bacteria. 합성생물학은 범위가 방대하고 다양한 응용분야를 가지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 현재 초기 단계의 연구가 이루어지고 있는 합성생물학 분야에서 필수유전자들을 이용하여 최소유전체를 설계하기 위해 필요한 유전체의 특성에 대한 분석을 하였다. 특 히 합성생물학을 이용하여 연쇄상구균에서 필수 유전자와 특이 유전자를 유추하기 위하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고 또한 유 전체들의 특성을 분석하였으며 타당성을 입증하기 위하여 통계적 신뢰도 검사를 수행하였다. 이 연구에서 유추해 낸 필수 유 전자의 개수는 478개로 DEG에서 제공하는 필수유전자 수 보다 다소 많다. 앞으로 이 연구에서 밝혀낸 필수유전자 유추법은 앞으로 유전체 서열이 밝혀진 모든 박테리아의 필수 유전자를 생명정보학적으로 분석하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.