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Song, Chang Eun,Ryu, Ka Yeon,Hong, Seong-Jin,Bathula, Chinna,Lee, Sang Kyu,Shin, Won Suk,Lee, Jong-Cheol,Choi, Si Kyung,Kim, Joo Hyun,Moon, Sang-Jin Wiley-VCH 2013 ChemSusChem Vol.6 No.8
<P>We report the superior characteristics of a ZnO buffer layer covered with a phenothiazine-based, π-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-π-A)-type organic dye (called 'd-ZnO'). The use of this system for the performance enhancement of inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) with the configuration of indium tin oxide/d-ZnO/polymer:PC71 BM/MoO3 /Ag (PC71 BM=[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester) is investigated. The layer of organic dyes anchored on the ZnO surface through carboxylate bonding reduces the shunt path on bare ZnO surface and provides better interfacial contacts and energy level alignments between the ZnO layer and the photoactive layer. This phenomenon consequently leads to highly enhanced photovoltaic parameters (fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current density) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Inverted solar cells containing the d-ZnO layer not only revealed about 34% (PCE: 4.37%) and 18% (PCE: 7.11%) improvement in the PCEs of the representative poly-3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and low-band-gap poly{[4,8-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl-thiophene-5-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-alt-[2-(2'-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiophen-4,6-diyl]} (PBDTTT-C-T) polymer systems, respectively, but also showed 2-4 times longer device lifetimes than their counterparts without the organic dye layer. These results demonstrate that this simple approach used in inverted PSCs with a metal oxide buffer layer could become a promising procedure to fabricate highly efficient and stable PSCs.</P>
Song, Woo-Jin,Joo, Se Hun,Kim, Do Hyeong,Hwang, Chihyun,Jung, Gwan Yeong,Bae, Sohyeon,Son, Yeonguk,Cho, Jaephil,Song, Hyun-Kon,Kwak, Sang Kyu,Park, Soojin,Kang, Seok Ju Elsevier 2017 Nano energy Vol.32 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An interesting and effective route for improving battery performance using ferroelectric poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) polymer as a binder material is demonstrated in this work. A ferroelectric PVDF phase developed under the appropriate thermal annealing process enables generation of suitable polarization on active materials during the discharge and charge process, giving rise to longer capacity with lower overpotential at a high current rate. Electrochemical analysis including <I>in situ</I> galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a galvanostatic intermittent titration measurement revealed that the ferroelectric binder effectively reduced Li-ion diffusion resistance and supported fast migration in the vicinity of active electrodes. Computational results further support that the binding affinity of the ferroelectric PVDF surface is much higher than that of the paraelectric PVDF, confirmed by ideally formed ferroelectric and paraelectric PVDF conformations with Li-ions. Furthermore, we consistently achieved high Li-ion battery (LIB) performance in full cell architecture consisting of a LTO/separator/LFP with a ferroelectric PVDF binder in the anode and cathode materials, revealing that the polarization field is important for fabricating high-performance LIBs, potentially opening a new design concept for binder materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The ferroelectric polarization in PVDF binder enhances Li-ions diffusion. </LI> <LI> Excellent rate performance is demonstrated by β-phase of PVDF binder </LI> <LI> In depth computational study exhibits the polarization effect of ferroelectric binder in LIB cell. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We demonstrate the effect of PVDF polarization in lithium ion battery system. The strong polarization of ferroelectric PVDF binder on the active material enhances the transport of Li-ion during charge and discharge. As results, the Li-ion diffusion by ferroelectric phase leads to excellent rate performance and cycling stability compared to paraelectric PVDF binder.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Song, Hyun-Ju,Jeong, Ji-Hoon,Lee, Dong-Kyu,Lee, Tai-Sang,Min, Young-Sil,Sohn, Uy-Dong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.6
Recent data have shown the importance of oxidative stresses in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. $H_2O_2$, reactive oxygen species (ROS) donor, has been reported to act as a signaling molecule involved in a variety of cellular functions such as apo/ptosis and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated viability of cultured ileal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) after stimulation with $H_2O_2$. Trypan blue method revealed that the cell viability of ISMC treated with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ was not different from that of controls at up to 2 h time point, while treatment of ISMC with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ for 48 h finally induced significant decrease in the cell viability. Therefore, we evaluated whether $H_2O_2$ was capable of ERKs activation in ISMC for the short-term exposure and examined whether tyrosine kinase was involved in the process of ERK activation by $H_2O_2$ in ISMC. We also investigated the effects of $H_2O_2$ on activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase in ISMC. Thus, ISMC were cultured and exposed to $H_2O_2$, and western blot analysis was performed with phosphospecific MAP kinase antibodies. Robust activation of ERK occurred within 30 min of 1 mM $H_2O_2$ treatment. $H_2O_2-induced$ ERK activation was attenuated by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, indicating that tyrosine kinase was probably involved in the ERK activation by $H_2O_2$. $H_2O_2$ was a moderate activator of SAPK/JNK, while p38 MAP kinase was not activated by $H_2O_2$. We suggest that ERK activation induced by short-term $H_2O_2$ treatment plays a critical role in cellular protection in the early stage of response to oxidative stress. The present study suggests the necessity of identification of MAPK signaling pathways affected by ROS, since it could ultimately elucidate cellular consequences involved in initiation and perpetuation of intestinal tissue damage in the diseases such as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, resulted from excessive ROS.
Song, Hooyoung,Kim, Jin Soak,Kim, Eun Kyu,Seo, Yong Gon,Hwang, Sung-Min IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.13
<P>The potential of nonpolar <I>a</I>-plane InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs), which are free from a strong piezoelectric field, was demonstrated. An <I>a</I>-GaN template grown on an <I>r</I>-plane sapphire substrate by the multi-buffer layer technique showed high structural quality with an omega full width at half maximum value along the <I>c</I>-axis of 418 arcsec obtained from high-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis. From barrier analysis by deep level transient spectroscopy, it appeared that <I>a</I>-plane InGaN/GaN MQWs can solve the efficiency droop problem as they have a lower electron capture barrier than the <I>c</I>-plane sample. The peak shift of the temperature-dependent photoluminescence signal for the nonpolar InGaN/GaN MQWs was well fitted by Varshni’s empirical equation with zero-internal fields. A high photoluminescence efficiency of 0.27 from this sample also showed that nonpolar MQWs can be the key factor to solve the efficiency limitation in conventional <I>c</I>-plane GaN based light emitting diodes. </P>
Sang Hwa Song,Hee Joon Kim,Eun Kyu Park,Young Hoe Hur,Yang Seok Koh,Chol Kyoon Cho 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in benign disease is is safer and more favorable to patients than open distal pancreatectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 150 patients who underwent laparoscopic (n=69) or open (=81) distal pancreatectomy at a double institutes from 2008 to 2018. We reviewed each patient’s history for age, sex, pathologic diagnosis. Specific outcomes that were included hospital stay, operative time (in minutes), operative blood loss (in milliliters), 30-daymajormorbidity and mortality (Clavian-Dindo classification), pancreatic leak rate (grade of leak A, B, or C), pancreatic hemorrhage. Results: From 2008 to 2018, there were 150 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy for benign pancreatic disease. 81 patients underwent open and 69 patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) Intra-operative estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the LDP group than in the OPD group (200 vs. 400 ml p<0.01). There was no difference in blood transfusion between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the resection method between the two groups (p<0.01) and there was a significant difference in the use of mesh for prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (53 vs. 34 p<0.01). There was no significant difference in incidence of POPF (15.9% in LDP vs 7.4% in ODP, p=0.235) between the two groups, morbidity rate between the two groups (18 vs. 30 p=0.152), post - pancreatectomy hemorrhage, wound infection, hospital stay and readmission. Conclusions: LDP showed there was no difference in the occurrence of POPF, complication and hospital stay. In contrast, intra-operative blood loss was significantly lower in the LDP group than in the ODP group, and LDP was also significantly better in the view point of the feeding advance. In other words, LDP is safer and more favorable to patients than ODP.
Song, Jae Min,Rahman, Jamil Ur,Cho, Jung Young,Lee, Soonil,Seo, Won Seon,Kim, Seyun,Kim, Sang-il,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Roh, Dongkyu,Shin, Weon Ho Pergamon 2019 Scripta materialia Vol.165 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report a facile and efficient way to enhance and modulate thermoelectric performance by incorporating chemically synthesized Cu<SUB>2</SUB>Te nanoparticles on p-type Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> matrix. By varying the amount of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>Te nanoparticles, the temperature of maximum thermoelectric performance shifted systematically from room temperature to 425 K. The highest figure-of-merit value, 1.1, was achieved at 377 K by incorporating 0.1 wt% Cu<SUB>2</SUB>Te nanoparticles in Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> matrix, which is due to enhancement in power factor and reduction in lattice thermal conductivity. The results demonstrate that Cu<SUB>2</SUB>Te incorporation could be an effective strategy for Bi-Te based thermoelectric power generation.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
A Report of Carcinus aestuarii (Decapoda: Brachyura: Carcinidae) from Korea
Sang-kyu Lee,Sang-Hui Lee,Hyun Kyong Kim,Sung Joon Song 한국동물분류학회 2020 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.36 No.4
As a result of continuous taxonomic studies on the Korean crabs, Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 belonging to the superfamily Portunoidea is newly reported from Korean waters. Carcinus aestuarii has characteristics as followings: cardiac, hepartic and brachial regions are divided by deep furrow; shape of three lobes in frontal area is flatter with hairy; inside of carpus is with one sharp tooth; the posterior-lateral margin of the carapace is concave, and so on. The examined specimen doesn‘t have hairy and bump on outer margin of the chelipeds which differed from the previous description of the specimens collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Here, the diagnosis and the picture of Korean specimen is provided. Korean portunoids currently consist of 20 species belonging to 10 genera.