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24시간 혈청농도를 이용한 lithium 치료량 예측법의 평가
박언규,김광일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1981 신경정신의학 Vol.20 No.4
Lithium salt is a primary therapeutic and prophylactic agent for manic depressive disorder. But, safety range of the lithium salt is relatively narrow and the dosages to maintain optimum therapeutic serum level vary among individuals. By these reasons, it has been suggested that the application of lithium should start from low dosage and increase gradually by close observations of therapeutic effects and side reactions. This method, however, takes relatively longer period to reach the effective serum lithium level and manifests possible lithium toxicity. In 1973, Cooper and his colleagues reported the 24-hour serum lithium level as a prognosticator of dosage requirements for rapid and safe use of lithium salt. The authors attempted to evaluate the accuracy of this method as prognosticator of dosage requirements. Subjects of the study was 25 cases of manic depressive disorder. According to Cooper's method 600mg of lithium carbonate was administered orally to the patients and blood was sampled 24-hours later. The required dosages of lithium carbonate to reach therapeutic serum level (0.6∼1.2mEq/L) had been given orally and serum lithium levels were checked on the 7th and 14th days respectively after initial medication. The results are as follows: 1. Sensitivity of Cooper's method could be proved to be 0.80∼0.84. If th range of optimum serum lithium level is assumed to be 0.6∼1.5mEq/L, the sensitivity would be 0.96∼1.00. 2. After the Cooper's method, the 7th day serum checking seems to be sufficient to confirm therapeutic serum level. From the above results, the Cooper's method was proved to be useful prognosticator of dosage-requirement for rapid and safe lithium treatment.
Changes in the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Seoul from 1995 to 2008 and Its Risk Factors
Kwon, Ji-Won,Kim, Byoung-Ju,Song, Younghwa,Seo, Ju-Hee,Kim, Tae-Hee,Yu, Jinho,Kim, Hyo Bin,Lee, So Yeon,Kim, Woo-Kyung,Kim, Kyoung-Won,Ji, Hye-Mi,Kim, Kyu-Earn,Kim, Ho,Hong, Soo-Jong The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2011 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.3 No.1
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To investigate the prevalence of asthma and determine its risk factors in elementary school students in Seoul.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to survey 4,731 elementary school students from five areas in Seoul between April and October, 2008.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In elementary school children, the lifetime and recent 12-month prevalence of wheezing were 11.7% and 5.6%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis was 7.9%, and the recent 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment was 2.7%. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-2.66), history of atopic dermatitis (AD) (aOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.98-3.84), history of allergic rhinitis (AR) (aOR, 3.71; 95% CI, 2.61-5.26), history of bronchiolitis before 2 years of age (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.39-3.07), use of antibiotics during infancy for >3 days (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.35-2.62), parental history of asthma (aOR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.52-5.27), exposure to household molds during infancy (aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.18-2.89), and the development or aggravation of asthma symptoms within 6 months after moving to a new house (aOR, 11.76; 95% CI, 5.35-25.86) were the independent risk factors for wheezing within 12 months.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The prevalence of wheezing and asthma in elementary school students in 2008 was similar to that in the past decade. Male sex, history of AD, history of AR, history of bronchiolitis before 2 years of age, parental asthma, use of antibiotics during infancy, exposure to molds in the house during infancy, and development or aggravation of asthma symptoms within 6 months after moving to a new house, could be risk factors for wheezing within 12 months.</P>
Prognostic Usefulness of Eosinopenia in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Kim, Yoon Hee,Park, Hyun Bin,Kim, Min Jung,Kim, Hwan Soo,Lee, Hee Seon,Han, Yoon Ki,Kim, Kyung Won,Sohn, Myung Hyun,Kim, Kyu-Earn The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2013 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.28 No.1
<P>Eosinopenia, a biomarker for infection, has recently been shown to be a predictor of adult mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our study assessed the usefulness of eosinopenia as a mortality and an infection biomarker in the pediatric ICU (PICU). We compared the PICU mortality scores, eosinophil count and percentage at ICU admission between children who survived and those who did not survive and between children with infection and those without infection. A total of 150 patients were evaluated. The initial eosinophil count and percentage were significantly lower in the group that did not survive when compared to those that did survive (<I>P</I> < 0.001; <I>P</I> < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the eosinophil count and percentage seen in patients with and without infection. Eosinopenia, defined as an eosinophil count < 15 cells/µL and an eosinophil percentage < 0.25%, (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.96; <I>P</I> = 0.008) along with a Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 (HR: 1.03; <I>P</I> = 0.004) were both determined to be independent predictors of mortality in the PICU. The presence of eosinopenia at the ICU admission can be a useful biomarker for mortality in children, but is not useful as a biomarker for infection.</P>
A Good Outcome for a Case of Chronic Pneumonitis of Infancy
Kim, Jong Min,Kwon, Seung Yeon,Kim, Eun Soo,Sohn, Myung Hyun,Kim, Kyu Earn,Kim, Myung Joon,Cho, Sang-Ho Yonsei University, College of Medicine 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.5
<P>Chronic pneumonitis of infancy (CPI) is a very rare interstitial lung disease. Its pathological features differ from other types of interstitial pneumonia that occur in adults and children. The mortality rate of CPI is high, even with treatment. We report a case of a 3 month old girl diagnosed with CPI after an open lung biopsy who improved after proper treatment.</P>
Kim, Na Yeon,Kim, Ga Ram,Kim, Joon Hwan,Baek, Ji Hyeon,Yoon, Jung Won,Jee, Hye Mi,Baek, Hye Sung,Jung, Yong Ho,Choi, Sun Hee,Kim, Ki Eun,Shin, Youn Ho,Yum, Hye Yung,Han, Man Yong,Kim, Kyu-Earn The Korean Pediatric Society 2015 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.58 No.9
Purpose: The clinical interpretation of children sensitized to allergens is challenging, particularly in children with food allergies. We aimed to examine clinical differences between children with monosensitization and those with polysensitization to common food allergens and to determine risk factors for polysensitization in young children <10 years of age with immediate-type food allergies. Methods: The study included children <10 years of age with signs and symptoms indicative of immediate-type food allergies. Serum total IgE level was measured, and ImmunoCAP analysis for food allergens was performed. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was $1.6{\pm}1.6$ years (75 boys and 51 girls). Thirty-eight children (30.2%) were monosensitized and 88 children (69.8%) were polysensitized. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of polysensitization to common food allergens was positively associated with a parental history of allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-22.13; P=0.004), season of birth (summer/fall) (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.10-8.79; P=0.033), and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age (aOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.20-10.25; P=0.022). Conclusion: We found significant clinical differences between children with monosensitization and those with polysensitization to common food allergens and identified risk factors for the development of polysensitization in young children with immediate-type food allergies. Clinicians should consider these clinical risk factors when evaluating, counseling, treating, and monitoring young children with food allergies.
Involvement of IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility for childhood asthma.
Kim, Kyung Won,Lee, Kyung Eun,Hong, Jung Yeon,Kim, Mi Na,Heo, Won Il,Sohn, Myung Hyun,Kim, Kyu-Earn Springer International 2011 Lung Vol.189 No.5
<P>Asthma and atopy have a complex background that may result from the interaction of genes and the environment. Interleukin (IL)-10 is known to play various roles in immune-regulating and anti-inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of the IL-10 promoter polymorphisms on susceptibility to childhood asthma. We recruited 333 patients with atopic asthma, 55 with nonatopic asthma, and 248 normal controls. We performed a genetic association study of three genetic polymorphisms (IL-10 -1082A>G, IL-10 -819T>C, and IL-10 -592A>C) of the IL-10 promoter. There was no difference between atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and normal controls with respect to allele, genotype, or haplotype frequencies of these IL-10 polymorphisms. However, the -1082A>G polymorphism and ATA haplotype in the IL-10 promoter gene were associated with airway hyper responsiveness (AHR) and the -819T>C, -592A>C, and ATA and ACC haplotypes were also shown to be related to serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Our results suggest that the polymorphisms within the IL-10 promoter may have a disease-modifying effect in the asthmatic airway.</P>