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Wafer Level Package of Optical devices Using Polymer Bonding
Kyounghwan Na,Ill hwan Kim,Eunsung Lee,Hyeon Cheol Kim,Kukjin Chun 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
In this thesis, study on thick, uniform and patterned interposer using polymer bonding for wafer level package of optical devices was performed. Two types of interposer were examined. First one is the type using SU-8 photoresist as interposer and as glue layer, also. The other is the type using patterned silicon wafer as interposer and dry film resist layer as glue. As results of experiments, SU- 8 layer which has 400㎛ of thickness and 3.25% of uniformity was formed and bonding strength between SU-8 and glass substrate was improved to maximum 9.43㎫ of tensile strength. And bonding layer which has maximum 32.5㎫ of shear strength and seals cavity hermetically was obtained by using DFR as glue layer between silicon interposer and glass substrate.
K-MEANS CLUSTERING 기반 영상의 공간 해상도 축소 변환을 위한 효울적 움직임 벡터 재예측 방법
김경환(Kim, Kyounghwan ),정진우 (Jung, Jinwoo),최윤식(Choe, Yoonsik) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2011 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7
최근 비디오를 즐기는 방법에 있어서 다양한 형식 및 기기가 사용되고 있으며, 이러한 실질적 요구를 충족시키기 위한 방법으로 빠른 비디오 변환 기술이 필요하다. 비디오 변환 기술 중 해상도 축소를 위한 새로운 움직임 벡터 재예측 방법을 제안한다. 줄어든 영상 내 블록의 움직임 벡터를 결정하기 위해 원본 영상 내 대응 되는 위치의 2개 이상의 움직임 벡터들을 K-means clustering 방법 기반으로 다중 후보 움직임 벡터를 결정하고, 결정된 움직임 벡터 중에서 차이의 절대값 합이 최소가 되는 움직임 벡터를 줄어든 영상 내 블록을 위한 움직임 벡터로 결정한다,. 실험 결과 비디오 변환 없이 압축을 수행한 연산시간에 비해 9% 정도의 연산시간이 필요하였으며, 압축 효율은 BR-RATE가 약 17정도 증가하여 기존의 방식의 증가량에 비해 60%로 줄어든 결과를 보여주었다
중ㆍ고등학생 글에 나타난 작문 능력 - 정보 전달 글을 중심으로
김경환 ( Kim KyoungHwan ) 고려대학교 한국어문교육연구소 2021 한국어문교육 Vol.37 No.-
본 연구의 목적은 학생 글에 나타난 특징을 근거로 중ㆍ고등학생의 작문 능력을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중학생 48명과 고등학생 59명이 쓴 글을 수집하였다. 근거 이론에 기반한 코딩 과정을 통해 자료를 분석하였고, 4가지 주요한 테마(작문 맥락의 이해와 적용, 글의 형식적 특징 이해, 불완전한 내용 선정, 중학생과 고등학생의 작문 능력 차이)이 추출되었다. 세부적인 연구 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 작문 목적과 예상 독자를 고려하는 능력은 초보적인 수준에서 발달하고 있었다. 둘째, 글의 도입부와 마무리부가 부족함에도 불구하고 정보 전달 글의 일반적인 구조를 이해하고 전반적인 모양을 갖추어 가고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 내용 선정 능력은 불완전한 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 중학생에 비해 고등학생의 작문 능력은 형식보다는 내용에 초점을 두고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 종합하면 중ㆍ고등학생의 작문 능력을 역동적으로 발달하고 있다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to identify the writing abilities of middle and high school students based on the characteristics of their writing. For this purpose, articles written by 48 middle school students and 59 high school students were collected. The data were analyzed through a coding process based on the Grounded theory, and four main themes (Understanding and applying the writing context, Understanding the formal characteristics of writing, Selecting incomplete content, and The difference in writing abilities between middle and high school students) were extracted. The detailed study results are as follows. First, the ability to consider the purpose of writing and the prospective readers was developing at a rudimentary level. Second, although some texts needed improvement in the introduction and ending, it was found that the general structure of the explanatory writing was understood and the overall shape was being developed. Third, it was found that their content selection ability is incomplete. Fourth, the writing abilities of high school students seemed to be focused more on content than forms when compared to those of middle school students. Combining the results of the study, the study confirmed that the writing abilities of middle and high school students are developing dynamically.
Leadless 페이스메이커용 심전도 측정 및 자극 신호 발생 회로
김경환(Kyounghwan Kim),유무경(Mookyoung Yoo),강상균(Sanggyun Kang),진병관(Byeongkwan),손혁태(Jin, Hyeoktae),남기배(Son, Kibae Nam),안승민(Seungmin Ahn),위지향(Jihyang Wi),고형호(Hyoungho Ko) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6
The electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing and pacing pulse generating circuit is a vital feature of the leadless pacemaker, which is an implantable device designed to regulate the hearts rhythm. Unlike traditional pacemakers, this device is placed directly inside the heart, without the need for a lead wire. The ECG sensing feature enables the pacemaker to monitor the hearts electrical activity, which allows it to detect any irregularities in the hearts rhythm. The device then adjusts the pacing rate of the pacemaker to ensure that the heart beats at a regular and consistent rate. The pacing pulse generating circuit delivers electrical stimulation to the heart to improve its function and reduce the risk of heart failure. The pacemaker can be programmed to provide different levels of stimulation, depending on the patients specific needs. To accomplish low noise characteristic and low power consumption, a current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA) is adopted In the ECG sensing channel, a 60-Hz notch filter is adopted to eliminate powerline interface (PLI). The input-referred noise is 3.69 VRMS and the power consumption are 4.5 μW to 19.4 μW. This low-power consumption characteristic increases the efficiency of the battery in the proposed leadless pacemaker.
Dong Hun Kim,Yoonjung Heo,Sung Wook Chang,Byung Chul Yu,Byung Hee Kang,Pil Young Jung,Kim Kyounghwan 대한외상중환자외과학회 2024 Journal of Acute Care Surgery Vol.14 No.1
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of resuscitative endovascular balloonocclusion of the aorta (REBOA) in managing noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) among traumapatients in Korea. The evolution of REBOA and its impact on patient survival was investigated as well aspredictors of mortality. Methods: This retrospective study included 234 post-REBOA patients from 5 leading regional traumacenters across Korea between 2016 and 2021. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, andsecondary outcomes were various clinical parameters regarding REBOA, overall treatment flow, andcomplications. For comparative analyses, patients were dichotomized into in-hospital non-survivors orsurvivors. Then, generalized additive and linear regression models were used to evaluate the trend of in-hospital mortality. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was 65.4%. The survivors had a higher proportion ofresponders following REBOA (87.7% vs 62.7%, p < 0.001). Key variables influencing outcomes includedtotal occlusion time, red blood cell transfusion volume within the first 24 hours, revised trauma score,and systolic blood pressure gap. These factors significantly correlated with mortality rates in multivariatelogistic regression. Conclusion: Over 6 years, survival rates for NCTH patients undergoing REBOA in Korea have shownimprovement. Despite diverse REBOA protocols across institutions, the results underscore the need forcontinued research, standardized practices, and national quality control measures to further optimizepatient outcome and establish more effective treatment protocols for NCTH.
A study on forming a spacer for wafer-level CIS(CMOS Image Sensor) assembly
김일환(Ill hwan Kim),나경환(Kyounghwan Na),김현철(Hyeon Cheol Kim),전국진(Kukjin Chun) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.45 No.2
본 논문에서는 CMOS 이미지 센서의 웨이퍼 레벨 어셈블리를 위한 스페이스 제작 방법을 설명하였다. 스페이스 제작을 위해서 SU-8, PDMS, Si-interposer를 이용하는 세 가지 방법을 제안하였다. SU-8 스페이스에서는 균일한 두께 특성을 위해서 웨이퍼 회전 장치를 고안했으며, PDMS 스페이스에서는 glass/PDMS/glass 구조의 정렬 접합을 위해서 새로운 접합 방법을 제안하였다. Si-interposer를 이용한 스페이스 제작에서는 DRF을 이용한 접합 조건을 확립하였다. 세 가지의 실험 결과 Si-interposer를 이용한 스페이스 제작 시 glass/스페이스/glass 구조의 접합력이 가장 뛰어났으며, 접합력의 크기는 32.3MPa의 전단응력을 나타내었다. This paper describes the methods of spacer-fabrication for wafer-level CIS(CMOS Image Sensor) assembly. We propose three methods using SU-8, PDMS and Si-interposer for the spacer-fabrication. For SU-8 spacer, novel wafer rotating system is developed and for PDMS(poly-dimethyl siloxane) spacer, new fabrication-method is used to bond with alignment of glass/PDMS/glass structure. And for Si-interposer, DFR(Dry Film Resist) is used as adhesive layer. The spacer using Si-interposer has the strongest bonding strength and the strength is 32.3MPa with shear.