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Lee, Hyeon Ji,Latif, Muhammad,Choe, Hyeonjeong,Ali, Imran,Lee, Heung Kyoung,Yang, Eun Hye,Yun, Jeong In,Chae, Chong Hak,Jung, Jae-Kyung,Kim, Hyoung Rae,Lee, Chong Ock,Park, Chi Hoon,Lee, Kwangho 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.9
Syntheses of various bis-ortho-alkoxy-parapiperazineanilino-pyrimidines and -triazines of KRCA-0008 analogs are described and their structure-activity-relationship to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is discussed. 5-trifluoromethyl-2,4-pyrimidine analog (2) seems to be most potent in both biochemical and cellular assay in this study, however it shows inferior mice xenograft activity to Crizotinib presumably due to its sub-optimal PK parameters. 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine and 2,4-disubstituted triazine derivatives of KRCA-0008 are less potent or inactive to ALK wt., and this observation is explained with their molecular modeling compared to KRCA-0008.
A Study of American English Metaphoric and Metonymic Expressions of Anger
Lee, Kwangho 호남대학교 2000 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.21 No.1
본 논문에서는 분노를 나타내는 미국 영어의 은유 및 환유 표현에 관해 살펴보고 그 표현들이 어떤 개념 구조를 지니고 있는지 고찰해본다. 은유와 환유 표현들은 체계 없이 임의적으로 만들어지는 것이 아니다. 그러한 표현들은 사람들의 경험을 개념화시켜 나타내는 것이 가능하게 해주는 일정한 체계를 지니고 있다. 분노에 관한 은유 및 환유 표현들을, 분노시 나타나는 신체적 현상에 관한 문화적 모형에 입각하여 분석해 보면 분노를 나타내는 구체적인 개념과 추상적인 개념 사이에 존재론적 그리고 인식론적 대응 관계가 있다는 사실을 발견할 수 있다. 구체적인 개념들은 추상적인 개념들을 보다 구체적으로 개념화 할 수 있도록 도와주는 역할을 한다. 이러한 분석 연구를 통해 감정이 단순한 느낌만인 것이 아니라 복잡한 인지적 개념 구조를 가지고 있는 것이라는 사실을 발견할 수 있게 된다.
The Importance of Pragmatic Equivalence in Translation
Lee Kwangho 한국통번역교육학회 2017 통번역교육연구 Vol.15 No.2
It is important to translate a source language into a target language with syntactic and semantic equivalence. However, it is not enough. There may arise various kinds of translation problems due to the pragmatic and sociocultural differences between source and target language. It is important to capture and convey the pragmatic and sociocultural equivalence between source and target language in translation. In this paper I discuss illocutionary acts and the maxims of the cooperative principle coming into play in communication, explaining how they function in conveying non-literal messages. I suggested various examples of Korean and English expressions the meaning of which cannot be correctly communicated in case they are literally translated. I showed how they must be translated. I argued that it is important to translate a source language into a target language so that a writer’s/speaker’s communicative intention can be properly conveyed without distortion. This paper shows how important it is for translators to be careful to communicate the writer’s/speaker’s communicative intention maintaining the pragmatic and sociocultural equivalence between source and target language expressions, especially when the source and target languages are so different linguistically and non-linguistically like Korean and English.
Lee, Joo Yun,Lee, Kwangho,Kim, Hyoung Rae,Chae, Chong Hak Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12
The three dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies on chemical features of pyridine-2-amines in the external region of c-Met active site (ER chemical features of pyridine-2-amines) were conducted by docking, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and topomer CoMFA methods. The CoMFA model obtained the partial least-squares (PLS) statistical results, cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2$) of 0.703, non cross-validated correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of 0.947 with standard error of estimate (SEE) of 0.23 and the topomer CoMFA obtained $q^2$ of 0.803, $r^2$ of 0.940, and SEE of 0.24. Further, the test set was applied to validate predictive abilities of models, where the predictive $r^2$ ($r{^2}_{pred}$) for CoMFA and topomer CoMFA models were 0.746 and 0.608, respectively. Each contribution of ER chemical features of pyridine-2-amines to the inhibitory potency showed correlation coefficients, $r^2$ of 0.670 and 0.913 for two core parts, 3-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)pyridine-2-amine and 3-(1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy) pyridine-2-amine, respectively, with corresponding experimental $pIC_{50}$.
Lee Yujin,Jang Jiyoon,Bibi Maimoona,Duggirala Krishna Babu,Ji Sang Hee,Lee Ji Hun,Ahn Sunjoo,Song Jin Sook,Chae Chong Hak,Kim Seong Hwan,Lee Kwangho 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.6
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family that involves downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and p38 MAP kinases. ASK1 inhibitors could possibly be beneficial for ameliorating the development and progression of diseases. Especially, ASK1 has been of interest as one of therapeutic targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as the most common chronic liver diseases including simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In this manuscript, novel ASK1 inhibitor lead KTA-29 which has an imidazo [1,2-b]pyridazine core with novel C6-bicycloheptaneimidazole is disclosed. With the novel imidazo[1,2-b] pyridazine core, structure-activity-relationship study for ASK1 potency is described and KTA-29 affinity toward ASK1 with molecular modeling study is explained.
Lee, Kwangho,Han, Gwangwoo,Cho, Sungbaek,Bae, Joongmyeon Elsevier Sequoia 2018 Journal of Power Sources Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel concept for diesel fuel processing utilizing H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> is suggested to obtain the high-purity H<SUB>2</SUB> required for air-independent propulsion using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for use in submarines and unmanned underwater vehicles. The core components include 1) a diesel-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> autothermal reforming (ATR) reactor to produce H<SUB>2</SUB>-rich gas, 2) a water-gas shift (WGS) reactor to convert CO to H<SUB>2</SUB>, and 3) a H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane to separate only high-purity H<SUB>2</SUB>. Diesel and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> can easily be pressurized as they are liquids. The application of the H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane without a compressor in the middle of the process is thus advantageous. In this paper, the characteristics of pressurized ATR and WGS reactions are investigated according to the operating conditions. In both reactors, the methanation reaction is enhanced as the pressure increases. Then, permeation experiments with a H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane are performed while varying the temperature, pressure difference, and inlet gas composition. In particular, approximately 90% of the H<SUB>2</SUB> is recovered when the steam-separated rear gas of the WGS reactor is used in the H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane. Finally, based on the experimental results, design points are suggested for maximizing the efficiency of the diesel-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> fuel processor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel concept of diesel fuel processing with hydrogen peroxide was developed. </LI> <LI> The core parts are diesel ATR reactor, WGS reactor, H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane. </LI> <LI> Diesel ATR, WGS characteristics were analyzed at pressurized condition. </LI> <LI> The permeation experiments of H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane were carried out. </LI> <LI> Design points that can maximize the efficiency of the fuel processor were suggested. </LI> </UL> </P>
Movement Constraints and Translating Korean Wh-Questions into English
Lee. Kwangho 한국통번역교육학회 2016 통번역교육연구 Vol.14 No.2
There may arise various kinds of translation problems due to the syntactic differences between Korean and English. In this paper I discuss constraints on English wh-movements and how they are relevant to Korean into English translation problems. In English wh-phrases have to move to the beginning of sentences. However, when there are more than one wh-phrase in an English sentence, only one can move to the beginning of the sentence. It has been argued by transformational-generative syntacticians that there are various kinds of constraints that restrict wh-movement. I argue that literal translation of Korean wh-questions into English does not work in many cases and that translators need to understand the constraints on wh-movement so that they won’t make errors in translating Korean wh-questions into English. They have to know what kind of wh-movement is possible and what kind is not, since not every kind of wh-movement is allowed in English although one wh-phrase has to move to the beginning of English interrogative sentences. This paper shows how important it is for translators to know the linguistic principles underlying the languages they translate, especially when they are so different like Korean and English. Korean translation schools need to include the courses in Korean and English linguistics into their curriculum so that they can educate and train their students of translation properly.
Kwangho Lee(이광호) 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 1999 인문사회과학연구 Vol.6 No.-
몽고어에는 의무적인 주어 동사 일치가 없다. 주어 동사간에 수의 일치가 이루어지는 경우도 있으나 수의적인 것이다. 몽고어의 복문에서는 주절의 명사가 종속절의 주어와 공지표를 가지고 종속절의 주어를 성분통어할 경우에 종속절의 주어는 탈락될 수 있다. 종속절의 생략된 주어 자리는 주절에 있는 가장 인접한 선행어에 의하여 통제된다. 종속절의 생략된 주어 자리를 통제하는 인접한 명사가 주절에 없는 경우에는 종속절의 생략된 주어 자리는 주절에 있는 하나 이상의 명사에 의하여 통제될 수 있다. 담화 맥락에서 선행문에 있는 명사와 공지표를 지니는 명사가 있는 경우에도 주어가 생략될 수 있다.